A relação entre arte e vida em vigotski: uma análise conceitual / The relationship between art and life in vygotsky: a conceptual analysis / La relación entre arte y vida en vigotski: un análisis conceptual

Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar a relação entre arte e vida segundo Vigotski. Para isso, foi realizada uma análise conceitual dos capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 e 11 da Psicologia da Arte, do capítulo 13 da Psicologia Pedagógica e do texto O significado histórico da crise da Psicologia: Uma investigação metodológica. A pesquisa conceitual consiste na análise semântica dos principais conceitos de uma teoria com o intuito de elucidar seus sentidos ocultos ou confusos e desvendar possíveis contradições e ambiguidades no quadro teórico. Podemos observar que a arte é um fenômeno dialético tanto em sua criação como em seus efeitos. A influência da vida, isto é, da realidade sócio-histórica, na criação artística é indireta, pois ela é sempre mediada pelo psiquismo particular do artista. Já o efeito da arte sobre a vida possibilita que o ser humano se conscientize de sua realidade social e se engaje para mudá-la. A arte é, portanto, transformadora, pois reorganiza o psiquismo e possibilita uma mudança nas condições materiais dos seres humanos.(AU)

This study aims to analyze the relationship between art and life according to Vygotsky. Therefore, a conceptual analysis of chapters 1, 7, 9, 10, and 11 of Psychology of Art, chapter 13 of Educational Psychology and the text The Historical meaning of the Crisis of Psychology: A Methodological Investigation was carried out. Conceptual research consists of the semantic analysis of the main concepts of a theory to elucidate its hidden or confused meanings and to reveal possible contradictions and ambiguities in the theoretical framework. Results show that art is a dialectical phenomenon both in its creation and its effects. The influence of life, that is, of socio-historical reality, on artistic creation is indirect since it is always mediated by the artist's particular psyche. The effect of art on life, on the other hand, allows human beings to become aware of their social reality and engage to change it. Art is, therefore, transformative, as it reorganizes the psyche and enables a change in the material conditions of human beings.(AU)

Este proyecto tuve como objetivo analizar la relación entre el arte y la vida, según Vigotski. Para esto, fue realizado un análisis de los capítulos 1, 7, 9, 10 y 11 de Psicología del arte, del capítulo 13 de Psicología Pedagógica y del texto Él significado histórico de la crisis de la Psicología: una investigación metodológica. La pesquisa conceptual consiste en la analice semántica de los conceptos de una teoría, para aclarar sus significados ocultos o confusos y desvendar contradicciones y ambigüedades em el cuadro teórico. Pudimos observar que, el arte es un fenómeno dialéctico en su creación tanto como en sus efectos. La influencia de la vida, esto es, de la realidad socio-histórica, en la creación artística es indirecta, pues es mediada por el psiquismo particular de lo artista. Así, el efecto del arte sobre la vida habilita que lo ser humano adquiera conciencia de su realidad social y que se comprometa a cambiarla. El arte, consiguientemente, transformadora, pues reorganiza lo psiquismo y habilita un cambio en las condiciones materiales de los seres humanos.(AU)

Militância enquanto convite ao diálogo: o caso da militância monodissidente / Activism as an invitation for the dialogue: the case of monodissident activism / La militancia como invitación al diálogo: el caso de la militancia monodisidente

Este artigo é uma produção teórica de caráter reflexivo que focaliza a relação entre pesquisa e militância a partir do construtivismo semiótico-cultural em psicologia, tendo como base o caso da militância monodissidente. A noção de monodissidência foi cunhada no percurso da militância bissexual para se referir a uma ferramenta analítica de ordem político-comunitária que contempla todas as pessoas que se atraem sexual e/ou romanticamente por mais de um gênero. São contrapostas concepções distintas de militância político-social em psicologia: de um lado, militância é entendida a partir de um autocentramento do militante, vinculado a uma rede de exclusões, negações, vedação e defesas psicológicas em relação à experiência; de outro, há uma compreensão dialógica de militância. Metodologicamente, a proposta de pesquisa se fundamenta no campo da participação observante, entendendo que o pesquisador está, primeiro, na condição de participante de certo campo sociocultural, a partir do qual passa a observar e refletir sobre fenômenos que ocorrem nele. Tomamos como ilustração a trajetória de construção da militância monodissidente do primeiro autor, trazendo tensionamentos dialógicos para a análise, postos em discussão com outras reflexões situadas sobre o tema. O conjunto de tensionamentos dialógicos emergidos nesse percurso foi mapeado e compreendido como um processo de multiplicação dialógica no encontro de self pesquisador com o self militante.(AU)

This paper is a theoretical production of reflective character that focuses on the relationship between research and activism from the semiotic-cultural constructivism in psychology, based on the case of monodissident activism. The notion of monodissent was coined during bisexual activism to refer to an analytical tool of a political-community order that includes all people who are sexually and/or romantically attracted to more than one gender. Different conceptions of political-social activism in psychology are opposed: on the one hand, activism is understood from the militant's self-centeredness, linked to a network of exclusions, denials, gatekeeping, and psychological defenses regarding experience; on the other hand, there is a dialogical understanding of activism. Methodologically, the research proposal is based on the field of observant participation, understanding that the researcher is, first, in the condition of a participant in a certain sociocultural field, from which he starts to observe and reflect on phenomena that occur there. We take as an illustration the trajectory of the construction of the monodissident activism of the first author, bringing dialogical tensions to the analysis, discussed with other reflections on the subject. The set of dialogic tensions that emerged in this path was mapped and understood as a process of dialogic multiplication in the encounter of the researcher self with the activist self.(AU)

Este artículo realiza una producción teórica y reflexiva sobre la relación entre investigación y activismo desde el constructivismo semiótico-cultural en Psicología, a partir del caso del activismo monodisidente. La noción de monodisidencia fue acuñada en el transcurso de la militancia bisexual para referirse a una herramienta analítica de orden político-comunitario que incluye a todas las personas que se sienten atraídas sexual y / o románticamente por más de un género. Se contraponen distintas concepciones de la militancia político-social en Psicología: por un lado, la militancia se entiende desde el egocentrismo del militante, vinculado a un entramado de exclusiones, negaciones, sellamientos y defensas psicológicas con relación a la experiencia; por otro, existe una comprensión dialógica de la militancia. La investigación utiliza como metodología la participación del observador, entendiendo que el investigador se encuentra, en primer lugar, en la condición de participante de determinado campo sociocultural, desde donde comienza a observar y reflexionar sobre los fenómenos que allí ocurren. Tomamos como ilustración la trayectoria de la construcción de la militancia monodisidente del primer autor, trayendo tensiones dialógicas al análisis, discutidas con otras reflexiones sobre el tema. El conjunto de tensiones dialógicas que surgieron en este camino se caracteriza y se comprende como un proceso de multiplicación dialógica en el encuentro del self investigador con el self militante.(AU)

Age and personal values: Similar value circles with shifting priorities.

This study examined the relationship of personal values to age using data from two representative surveys. We hypothesized that individuals organize personal values, regardless of their age, as a circle with the same order of values on this circle but that older persons are closer to conservation and more remote from openness to change and closer to self-transcendence and more distant from self-enhancement. The structural stability of the value circle over age was largely confirmed across and within individuals. Different age groups exhibited a tendency to more strongly cluster those values that they rated as relatively important. (PsycINFO Database Record

Aportes de la Neurociencia y la Semiótica a la teoría y clínica de las patologías tempranas / Contributions from Neuroscience and Semiotics to the theoretical and clinical study of early pathologies

A través de ciertos aportes de la Neurociencia y la Semiótica a la teoría psicoanalítica, se intenta mostrar la articulación de tres elementos que, según se postula, constituyen los cimientos de la estructura psíquica. Estos son: los afectos, la relación de objeto y la formación de signos. Estos elementos no se pueden entender por separado ni excluyéndose, puesto que se entrelazan en una relación compleja que da lugar al fenómeno psíquico. Así, los afectos, tal como postula la Neurociencia actual, ya en su mismo origen biológico tienen una función relacional y de aprehensión de signos. Por su parte, la relación de objeto, para cumplir con su función, primero biológica y después psíquica, necesita un contexto afectivo y de significación. Y, por último, la formación de signos, o semiosis, es imprescindible para organizar lo afectivo y lo relacional (AU)

Drawing upon certain contributions from Neuroscience and Semiotics, this paper will attempt to demonstrate the articulation of three elements which, as postulated by the author, constitute the foundation of the psychic structure. These are: affects, object relations and symbol formation. These elements cannot be understood separately nor can they be taken in exclusion, since they intertwine in a complex relationship giving rise to psychic phenomena. Consequently, as postulated by current Neuroscience, affects already contain in their biological origin a linking function and the apprehension of signs. On the other hand, object relations, for their part, in order to fulfil their initially biological and then psychic function, require a context of affect and meaning. Lastly, sign processes, or Semiotics, are imperative to the affective and relational organizations (AU)

The use of empathy and transference as interventions in psychotherapy with attention deficit hyperactive disorder latency-aged boys.

Psychodynamic-oriented therapies are uniquely positioned to address the internal experiences of a child whose external presentation is consistent with an Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) diagnosis, an area of treatment intervention that is conspicuously absent from common ADHD treatment modalities. This article presents two psychodynamic psychotherapy treatment interventions that demonstrate (1) the importance of empathy in the therapeutic relationship and (2) the use of transference in psychotherapy with ADHD children. Through the use of case examples, the use of empathy is demonstrated in developing the therapeutic alliance, facilitating the development of the child's reflective capacity on affective states, and organizing the child's affective experiences. The benefits of transference interventions with ADHD children are reviewed, and case examples are provided to demonstrate how the therapist worked with the idealized and mirroring transference. Interventions are presented in the context of Object Relations and Self-Psychology Theories.

Considerações sobre a prática budista tibetana e o processo de individuação / The Tibetan Buddhist practice and the individuation process: a review

O presente artigo pretende relacionar as meditações e práticas budistas tibetanas ao processo de individuação, pontuando os riscos de fixação nos polos inflado ou alienado da psique. Apresentamos sucintamente alguns postulados budistas e algumas modalidades de meditação, articulando-as aos processos psíquicos implicados e ao processo de individuação. Por fim, propomos que, independentemente da adesão à confissão religiosa budista, seus postulados e suas meditações podem nos auxiliar no processo de ampliação da consciência (AU)

This article aims to relate Tibetan Buddhist practices and meditations to the individuation process, pointing out the risks of fixation on the inflated or alienated poles of psyche. Some Buddhist postulates and types of meditation are briefly introduced and related to the implied psychic processes and to the individuation process. The article also proposes Buddhist "confession", postulates and meditations could be helpful in the process of development of consciousness regardless of one becoming part of its religious of its religious community (AU)

Intervención con técnicas psicodramáticas en las relaciones parento-filiales / No disponible

Las relaciones que establece el niño o niña con la madre y el padre determinan la estructura básica de personalidad que le acompañará a lo largo de su vida. En este trabajo se expone cómo aborda este tema el psicodrama, ilustrándolo con tres casos en los que se han utilizado técnicas psicodramáticas, concluyendo que estas técnicas facilitan la toma de conciencia y la resolución de las situaciones, siendo bien aceptadas por las personas a quienes se les aplica (AU)

The relationships that the child establishes with its parents determine the basic structure of personality that will accompany it in the course of its life. In this workwe study how Psychodrama tackles this subject, illustrating it by means of three cases in which I’ve used psychodramatic techniques, concluding that these techniques facilitate the taking of consciousness and the resolution of situations, being them well accepted by people to which they were applied (AU)

Técnicas en psicodrama individual / No disponible

En este trabajo se expone el uso de las técnicas psicodramáticas en sesiones de un caso único. Además de la comunicación verbal en psicodrama se da una importancia destacada a la imagen, por tanto trabajamos, siguiendo a Rojas Bermúdez (1997), el yo natural, compuesto por el hemisferio derecho y sistema límbico, y el yo social, compuesto por el hemisferio izquierdo y su interrelación con la estructura social, consiguiendo una integración completa de nuestro yo y su comprensión, siendo conscientes de que hay aspectos tanto modificables como inmodificables de la personalidad (AU)

This article highlights the phsycodramatics techniques carried out over a period of time on one specific patient. Even the verbal communication, the image holds a lot of importance in this process, so we work with the natural self which is composed from the left hemisphere of the brain and the limbic system, as well we work with the social self which is compossed from the right hemisphere of the brain and the interrelational social structure, being conscience about the modifiable and unmodifiable aspects of the personality (AU)

Acerca del yo corporal como objeto interno / On the body ego as internal object

La autora pretende establecer una distinción entre la imagen corporal, basada en la experiencia corporal, y el cuerpo erótico como un aspecto de la relación con el cuerpo como objeto interno. Propone entonces la siguiente hipótesis: si bien la imagen corporal y la representación de la relación afectiva de la madre con el cuerpo del niño, en sus aspectos positivos y negativos, contribuyen ambos a la formación del yo corporal, solo la imagen corporal que puede compartirse con la madre de manera satisfactoria para ambos, puede ser introyectada por el yo y constituir el objeto interno erótico amado (AU)

The autor seeks to draw distinction between body image, based on the experience of the body, and the erotic body as an aspect of the relationship with the body as an internal object. She then puts forward the following hypothesis: while body image and the representation of the mother´s affective relationship with the infant´s body, in its positive and negative aspects, both contribute to the formation of the body ego, only the body image able to be shared with the mother in an acceptable way for both may be introjected by the ego and constitute the erotic loved internal object (AU)

O significado da psicologia e da terapia holística para terapeutas holísticos graduados em psicologia / The meaning of psychology and holistic therapy to holistic therapists graduated in psychology / El significado de la psicología y terapía holística para terapeutas holísticos graduados en psicología

A terapia holística é uma prática recente no campo terapêutico e por vezes utilizada também por psicólogos, apesar de não ser reconhecida como cientificamente válida. Na presente pesquisa, pretendeu-se investigar junto a terapeutas que recorrem às práticas holísticas, mas que também são graduados em psicologia, os significados que eles atribuem tanto à terapia holística quanto à psicologia e os motivos de suas escolhas pela terapia holística - sendo que eles podem ter optado por continuar como psicólogos ou não. Os participantes demonstraram unir a psicologia e a terapia holística nas suas práticas e adotar profissionalmente uma ética pessoal em oposição ao Código de Ética Profissional dos Psicólogos por questionarem este e os parâmetros científicos na psicologia.(AU)

The holistic therapy is a recent practice on the therapeutic field and sometimes is used also by psychologists, despite of not being recognized as scientific. In this research, it was intended to investigate with therapists that use holistic practices, but that are also graduated in psychology, the meanings that they attribute to holistic therapy and to psychology and the motives of their choice for holistic therapy - considering that they may or may not have chosen continuing as psychologists. The participants showed that they join psychology and holistic therapy and adopted a personal ethic in opposition to the Psychologists' Professional Ethic Code because they disagree with it and with the scientific parameters in psychology.(AU)

La terapia holística es una práctica reciente en el campo psicoterapéutico. Algunas veces es también utilizado por los psicólogos, aunque que no reconocida como científicamente válida. En esta investigación, tratado de investigar con los terapeutas que recurren a prácticas holísticas, pero que también son licenciados en psicología, los significados que atribuyen a la psicología y la terapia holística y las razones de su elección por parte de la terapia holística - y puede haber elegido para continuar como psicólogos o no. Los participantes mostraron que unen la psicología y la terapia holística en sus prácticas y adoptan una ética personal, en oposición al Código de Ética de los psicólogos profesionales porque cuestionan esto y los parámetros científicos en la psicología.(AU)

Velhice e Espiritualidade – Metanoia, “A segunda metade da vida”, segundo Carl Gustav Jung / Old Age and Spirituality - Metanoia, "The second half of life" according to Carl Gustav Jung

Este estudo mostra a velhice como possibilidade de desenvolvimento humano, pois a segunda metade da vida é o período de crescimento espiritual. Jung faz uma ilustração clássica da Metanoia, mostrando o que se liga à segunda metade da vida e o que a distingue. É como se o foco mudasse e uma reorientação ocorresse. O foco pode ser do Ego, pois não encontra neste lugar a fundação que outrora experimentou como base sólida, e se direciona para o Self.(AU)

This study shows the possibility of old age as human development, since the second half of life is the period of spiritual growth. Jung is a classic illustration of metanoia showing what connects and what distinguishes the second half of life. It is as if the focus change and a shift occurred. The focus may be because the ego does not find this place the foundation that once experienced as a solid foundation, and is directed to the Self.(AU)

O significado da psicologia e da terapia holística para terapeutas holísticos graduados em psicologia / The meaning of psychology and holistic therapy to holistic therapists graduated in psychology / El significado de la psicología y terapía holística para terapeutas holísticos graduados en psicología

A terapia holística é uma prática recente no campo terapêutico e por vezes utilizada também por psicólogos, apesar de não ser reconhecida como cientificamente válida. Na presente pesquisa, pretendeu-se investigar junto a terapeutas que recorrem às práticas holísticas, mas que também são graduados em psicologia, os significados que eles atribuem tanto à terapia holística quanto à psicologia e os motivos de suas escolhas pela terapia holística - sendo que eles podem ter optado por continuar como psicólogos ou não. Os participantes demonstraram unir a psicologia e a terapia holística nas suas práticas e adotar profissionalmente uma ética pessoal em oposição ao Código de Ética Profissional dos Psicólogos por questionarem este e os parâmetros científicos na psicologia...

The holistic therapy is a recent practice on the therapeutic field and sometimes is used also by psychologists, despite of not being recognized as scientific. In this research, it was intended to investigate with therapists that use holistic practices, but that are also graduated in psychology, the meanings that they attribute to holistic therapy and to psychology and the motives of their choice for holistic therapy - considering that they may or may not have chosen continuing as psychologists. The participants showed that they join psychology and holistic therapy and adopted a personal ethic in opposition to the Psychologists' Professional Ethic Code because they disagree with it and with the scientific parameters in psychology...

La terapia holística es una práctica reciente en el campo psicoterapéutico. Algunas veces es también utilizado por los psicólogos, aunque que no reconocida como científicamente válida. En esta investigación, tratado de investigar con los terapeutas que recurren a prácticas holísticas, pero que también son licenciados en psicología, los significados que atribuyen a la psicología y la terapia holística y las razones de su elección por parte de la terapia holística - y puede haber elegido para continuar como psicólogos o no. Los participantes mostraron que unen la psicología y la terapia holística en sus prácticas y adoptan una ética personal, en oposición al Código de Ética de los psicólogos profesionales porque cuestionan esto y los parámetros científicos en la psicología...

Velhice e Espiritualidade – Metanoia, “A segunda metade da vida”, segundo Carl Gustav Jung / Old Age and Spirituality - Metanoia, "The second half of life" according to Carl Gustav Jung

Este estudo mostra a velhice como possibilidade de desenvolvimento humano, pois a segunda metade da vida é o período de crescimento espiritual. Jung faz uma ilustração clássica da Metanoia, mostrando o que se liga à segunda metade da vida e o que a distingue. É como se o foco mudasse e uma reorientação ocorresse. O foco pode ser do Ego, pois não encontra neste lugar a fundação que outrora experimentou como base sólida, e se direciona para o Self...

This study shows the possibility of old age as human development, since the second half of life is the period of spiritual growth. Jung is a classic illustration of metanoia showing what connects and what distinguishes the second half of life. It is as if the focus change and a shift occurred. The focus may be because the ego does not find this place the foundation that once experienced as a solid foundation, and is directed to the Self...

Comparative analysis of integrative self-knowledge, mindfulness, and private self-consciousness in predicting responses to stress in Iran.

Previous research has established that awareness of self-experience is a stress resistance resource. The present study conducted an analysis of measures that record different aspects of self-awareness (private self-consciousness, mindfulness, and integrative self-knowledge) to explain this stress-resistance effect in a sample of Iranian university students (N = 186). These students responded to Mindfulness Attention Awareness, Private Self-Consciousness, Integrative Self-Knowledge, and Perceived Stress Scales just before the stress of a 20-day final examination period, and they then responded to Symptom Checklist and Vitality measures at four-day intervals during the final examinations. Prior to final examinations, the three self-awareness variables correlated positively with each other and negatively with perceived stress. Regression analyses of the data obtained during final examinations identified mindfulness to be a better operationalization of this stress-resistance resource than private self-consciousness. Specifically, mindfulness but not private self-consciousness was a positive predictor of vitality and a negative predictor of symptoms. Hierarchical regression analyses also demonstrated that mindfulness and integrative self-knowledge both explained resistance to physical symptoms, while integrative self-knowledge functioned as a protective factor toward one's vitality. These data confirm the positive impact that self-awareness has during stress and highlight the importance of considering both mindfulness and integrative self-knowledge in understanding stress-resistance processes.

Psychoanalytic self psychology and its conceptual development in light of developmental psychology, attachment theory, and neuroscience.

The chapter starts with a historical overview of the subject of narcissism in psychoanalysis. Some sociophilosophical definitions of narcissism are explained and the connection to self psychology is described. It is especially referred to Honneth's Struggle for Recognition, which is related to the need for selfobject experiences. An outline of different concepts concerning narcissism, especially in the European psychoanalytic tradition, follows and leads to a clearer understanding of Kohut's conception of the self and its selfobjects. Because self psychology can often be understood as applied developmental psychology, useful links to attachment research are described and the move to the level of representation by mentalization is clarified. Further development of self psychology in the direction of intersubjectivity helps to supply connections to systems theory. Recently developed theories of empathy with reference to neurobiological findings provide a dynamic perspective of the activation of empathy. Thus, empathy seems to be better understood as a sort of contagion on which cognitive cortical processes are superimposed. Finally, the therapeutic process in psychoanalytic self psychology is portrayed. This process implies a disruption and repair process by which transmuting internalization can take place. More current theories of self psychology view this process in its essence intersubjectively as a co-construction between patient and analyst. The paper concludes with some hints for a paradigm shift in the direction of a more holistic understanding of the self.

Have we found the holy grail? Theory of mind as a unifying construct.

Theory of Mind (ToM) refers to a person's ability to understand that another person has his or her own unique way of thinking and feeling. ToM is a well-known and rapidly expanding field of research in the neurosciences, cognitive, social sciences, evolution, and brain imaging. This review article expands ToM into areas where there has not yet been research. We propose that ToM could illuminate the relationship between religion/spirituality and health, and could provide the lingua franca for the hundreds of schools of psychotherapy. We discern two different kinds of spirituality: personal versus impersonal. Empathy is central to ToM research and is also central to mental health training and practice. ToM illuminates familiar topics in a new light. For example ToM reveals a close link between psychology and spirituality in self-efficacy and locus of control research.

Integrating self-help materials into mental health practice.

PROBLEM ADDRESSED: Patients' mental health issues have become an increasing focus of Canadian family physicians' practices. A self-help approach can help meet this demand, but there are few guidelines for professionals about how to use mental health self-help resources effectively. OBJECTIVE OF PROGRAM: To aid health professionals in integrating self-help materials into their mental health practices. PROGRAM DESCRIPTION: A resource library of print, audiotape, and videotape self-help materials about common mental health issues was developed for a rural community. The materials were prescreened in order to ensure high quality, and health professionals were given training on how to integrate self-help into their practices. The library was actively used by both health professionals and community members, and most resources were borrowed, particularly the nonprint materials. Health professionals viewed the resources as a way to supplement their mental health practice and reduce demands on their time, as patients generally worked through the resources independently. Some improvements are planned for future implementations of the program, such as providing health professionals with a "prescription pad" of resources and implementing Stages of Change and stepped-care models to maximize the program's effectiveness. CONCLUSION: Although more evidence is needed regarding the effectiveness of self-help within a family practice context, this program offers a promising way for family physicians to address mild to moderate mental health problems.