[Studies on newly recognized chronic sialadenitis].

Some kinds of chronic sialadenitis were recognized during the recent years. They have specific pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic appearances, and require specific treatment. IgG4-related sialadenitis (IgG4-RS) is one of the immune-mediated diseases, characterized by tumefactive lesions. The incidence of IgG4-RS obviously increased during the past 30 years. The study on the potential relationship between occupational exposure to chemical substances and the incidence of IgG4-RS showed that subjects with occupational exposure to agents known to cause IgG4-RD had an increased risk for IgG4-RS. Surgical excision of involved SMG could not control the disease progression, which is not recommended for treatment of IgG4-RS. The combination of glucocorticoid and steroid-sparing agents is effective for treating IgG4-RS, and restores salivary gland function. Radioiodine induced sialadenitis (RAIS) is one of the common complications of postoperative adjuvant treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer by 131I. The incidence of the disease is related to radiation dosage. Clinically, the patients suffered from swelling and tenderness in the buccal or submandibular regions, especially during the mealtime. Imaging appearances are similar to those of chronic obstructive sialadenitis. Conservative managements, such as gland massage, sialagogues, are the mainstream methods in the treatment of RAIS. Sialendoscopy is feasible for RAIS, but not as effective as conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore the prevention of RAIS is crucial. Eosinophilic sialodochitis (ES) is a new type of chronic inflammatory disease of the salivary gland related to allergy. It has characteristics of swelling of multiple major salivary glands, strip-like gelatinous plugs discharged from the duct orifice of the gland, elevated level of serum IgE and eosinophils in peripheral blood, infiltration of eosinophils and IgE positive plasma cells in the tissues, allergic history, increased expression of allergy-related cytokines, such as IL-4, IL-5, IL-13, and eotaxin, which suggest allergic reactions as a potential pathogenesis of the disease. The clinical, laboratory, histological, and immunohistochemical characteristics of ES are significantly different from conventional obstructive sialadenitis (COS). Therefore, it is suitable to separate ES from COS. Conservative managements, such as self-maintenance therapy and anti- allergic modality are the choices of treatment for ES. Based on the results of our comprehensive studies a new classification of chronic sialadenitis is suggested.

Sialadenitis after radioiodine therapy. Analysis of factors that influence the response to medical treatment.

OBJECTIVES: To assess the incidence of 131I-induced sialadenitis (SD) in patients with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), to analyze clinical and other factors related to metabolic radiotherapy that may predict the lack of response to conventional medical therapy (CMT), and to determine the effectiveness of intraductal steroid instillation in patients failing CMT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-two patients with DTC, 45 females (86.5%) and 7 males (13.5%) with a mean age of 44.21±13.3 years (r=17-74) who received ablation therapy with 131I after total thyroidectomy. Patients with diseases and/or medication causing xerostomia were excluded. Patients underwent salivary gland scintigraphy with 99Tc (10mCi). RESULTS: Eighteen patients (34.62%) had SD and received antibiotics, antispasmodics, and oral steroids for 15 days. They were divided into two groups: responders to medical therapy (n=12, age 44.3±14.4 years, 2 men [17%], 10 women [83%], cumulative dose 225±167.1 mCi) and non-responders to medical treatment, who underwent steroid instillation into the Stensen's duct (n=6 [33%], 2 men [33%], 4 women [67%], age 50±13.8 years, cumulative dose 138.3±61.7 mCi). Scintigraphy showed damage to the parotid and submaxillary glands. CONCLUSION: Incidence of 131I-induced sialadenitis was similar to that reported by other authors. Age, mean cumulative dose of 131I, and involvement of parotid and submaxillary glands did not condition response to CMT; however, male sex was a conditioning factor. Symptom persistence for more than 15 days makes instillation into the Stensen's duct advisable. This is an effective and safe method to avoid surgical excision of salivary glands.

Sialoadenite após terapia ablativa com altas doses de radioiodo no tratamento do carcinoma diferenciado de tireóide / Sialoadenitis post-ablative therapy with high dose of radioiodine for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer

Oitenta e três pacientes que receberam 3,7GBq (100mCi) ou 7,4GBq (200mCi) de I-131 após a tireoidectomia total para carcinoma de tireóide foram avaliados clínica e laboratorialmente (dosagem da amilase sérica), seguida da varredura pós-dose. A sialoadenite foi definida na presença de hiperamilasemia (> 200U/L). Onze (13,25 por cento) pacientes referiram dor local espontânea ou à mastigação após o tratamento. Observou-se hiperamilasemia em 31 (37,3 por cento) pacientes no segundo dia pós-tratamento. No sétimo dia, houve normalização da amilase em todos. A sialoadenite sintomática foi maior nos pacientes com captação cervical residual que receberam 7,4GBq (70 por cento). A captação em topografia de glândulas salivares esteve presente em 93,5 por cento dos casos de sialoadenite (p < 0,05). Observou-se correlação estatisticamente significante entre ausência de metástase à distância e maior incidência de sialoadenite (p < 0,05). Não houve correlação entre sialoadenite e massa remanescente cervical ou com a dose de I-131 administrada, atribuída ao tamanho da amostra. A sialoadenite pós-terapia ablativa em altas doses é uma complicação relativamente comum, com baixa repercussão clínica, sendo a ausência de metástases à distância um fator diretamente relacionado com o seu aparecimento.

[Sialoadenitis following ablative therapy with high doses of radioiodine for treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer]. / Sialoadenite após terapia ablativa com altas doses de radioiodo no tratamento do carcinoma diferenciado de tireóide.

We analyzed eight-three patients who received 3.7 GBq (100 mCi) or 7.4 GBq (200 mCi) after total thyroidectomy for thyroid cancer. This study consisted in clinical and lab analysis (amylase serum level), followed by iodine whole body scan. The sialoadenitis was defined by hyperamylasemia (> 200 U/L). Eleven (13.25%) patients referred spontaneous local pain or after mastication post I 131 ablative therapy. Hyperamylasemia was detected in 31 (37.3%) patients in the second day after treatment. After seven days, serum amylase levels were in normal values in all patients. The symptomatic sialoadenitis was detected more frequently in patients with residual cervical uptake who received I-131 7.4 GBq (70%). The uptake in topography of salivary glands was present in 93.5% of sialoadenitis cases (p < 0.05). Significant statistical correlation was detected between absent of distance metastases and higher incidence of sialoadenitis (p < 0.05). No correlation was demonstrated between this complication and cervical remnants or I-131 dose administered. The sialoadenitis post high dose ablative therapy is a relative common complication with low clinical repercussion. The absent of distance metastases is directly correlated to this complication.