PsicoQuilombologia: escrevivência de uma psicologia das encruzilhadas em tempos pandêmicos / PsychoQuilombology: writexperience of a psychology of crossroads in pandemic times / PsicoQuilombología: escrivivencia de una psicología de la encrucijada en tiempos pandémicos

O texto é um relato de experiência da participação no Grupo de Estudos psicoQuilombologia ocorrida nos meses de setembro de 2020 a março de 2021, período atravessado pela segunda onda da pandemia de COVID-19 no Brasil. O objetivo do relato é apresentar o conceito-movimento de psicoQuilombologia como uma proposta epistemológica quilombola de agenciamento de cuidado e saúde, com base em uma escuta que se faça descolonial e inspirada no fecundo e ancestral acervo de cuidado dos povos africanos, quilombolas e pretos, preservado e atualizado em nossos quilombos contemporâneos. A metodologia utilizada é a escrevivência, método desenvolvido por Conceição Evaristo que propõe uma escrita em que as vivência e memórias estão totalmente entrelaçadas, imersas e imbricadas com a pesquisa. O resultado das escrevivências dessa pesquisa descortinam que os povos pretos desenvolveram práticas de cuidado e acolhimento às vulnerabilidades do outro, enraizadas no fortalecimento de laços e conexões coletivas de afetos e cuidado mútuos. Práticas de cuidado que articulam memória, ancestralidade, tradição, comunidade, transformação, luta, resistência e emancipação, engendrando modos coletivos de ser e viver. Nas quais cuidar do outro implica tratar suas relações e situar o cuidado como extensão de uma cura que se agencia no coletivo. O trabalho conclui apontando que o cenário pandêmico vigente acentua a pungência de se desenvolver estratégias de cuidado baseadas em epistemologias pretas e quilombolas, valorizando os sentidos de ancestralidade, comunidade, pertencimento e emancipação.(AU)

The text is an experience report of the participation in the psicoQuilombology Study Group that carried out from September 2020 to March 2021, during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. The purpose of the report is to introduce the concept-movement of psicoQuilombology as a quilombola epistemological proposal for the development of care and health, based on a decolonial listening and inspired by the rich care collection of African peoples, quilombolas and Blacks, preserved and updated in our contemporary quilombos. The methodology used is writexperience [escrevivências], a method developed by Conceição Evaristo who proposes a writing in that the experiences and memories are totally involved with the research. The result of the writability of this research show that Black people have developed practices of care and acceptance of the other's vulnerabilities, based on the strengthening of ties and collective connections of mutual affection and care. Care practices that mix memory, ancestry, tradition, community, transformation, struggle, resistance and emancipation, outlining collective ways of being and living. The core idea is that taking care of the other means treating your relationships and maintaining care as an extension of a cure that takes place in the collective. The paper concludes by pointing out that the current pandemic scenario demonstrates the urgent need to develop care strategies based on black and quilombola epistemologies, valuing the senses of ancestry, community, belonging and emancipation.(AU)

Este es un reporte de experiencia de la participación en el Grupo de Estudio psicoQuilombología que ocurrió en los meses de septiembre de 2020 a marzo de 2021, periodo en que Brasil afrontaba la segunda ola de la pandemia de la COVID-19. Su propósito es presentar el concepto-movimiento de psicoQuilombología como una propuesta epistemológica quilombola para el desarrollo del cuidado y la salud, basada en una escucha decolonial e inspirada en el rico acervo asistencial de los pueblos africanos, quilombolas y negros, conservado y actualizado en nuestros quilombos contemporáneos. La metodología utilizada es la escrivivencia, un método desarrollado por Conceição Evaristo quien propone una escrita en que las vivencias y los recuerdos están totalmente involucrados con la investigación. El resultado de la escrivivencia muestra que las personas negras han desarrollado prácticas de cuidado y aceptación de las vulnerabilidades del otro, basadas en el fortalecimiento de lazos y conexiones colectivas de afecto y cuidado mutuos. Prácticas de cuidado que mezclan memoria, ascendencia, tradición, comunidad, transformación, lucha, resistencia y emancipación, perfilando formas colectivas de ser y vivir. El cuidar al otro significa tratar sus relaciones y mantener el cuidado como una extensión de una cura que tiene lugar en lo colectivo. El trabajo concluye que el actual escenario pandémico demuestra la urgente necesidad de desarrollar estrategias de atención basadas en epistemologías negras y quilombolas, y que valoren los sentidos de ascendencia, comunidad, pertenencia y emancipación.(AU)

Analysis of Stigma in Relation to Behaviour and Attitudes towards Mental Health as Influenced by Social Desirability in Nursing Students.

The training undergraduate nursing students receive, both in terms of theoretical input and clinical practice, may help to instil a less stigmatising perception of mental health. To analyse the perceived evolution of attitudes and expected behaviours, a longitudinal repeated measures study was conducted in a population of student nurses during their undergraduate mental health education. The Mental Illness: Clinicians' Attitudes Scale, a Scale for measuring attitudes to the mentally ill among future Health workers, and the Reported and Intended Behaviour Scale were completed. A mixed linear model was used to assess the effect of each factor in the questionnaires before and after the various stages of the students' training in mental health. The overall effect of each factor was assessed by testing the interaction between factor and group, both with and without adjustment with the Social Desirability Scale. The results showed that the clinical practice stage, due to the proximity to care for people with mental health problems, improves attitudes and behaviours towards mental health in students who have not had mental health problems, and also in younger students. In conclusion, integrated, holistic training during the period of clinical practice was associated with positive changes in the attitudes and intended behaviour.

Análise dos fatores motivacionais que levam a prática de dança do ventre / Analysis of the motivational factors that take the practice of the bell dance / Análisis de los factores motivacionales que levan la práctica de la danza del ventre

O objetivo desse estudo foi analisar os fatores motivacionais que levam à prática da Dança do Ventre (DV). Aplicou-se um questioná - rio Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI-2) em 60 praticantes de DV com idades entre 18 e 56 anos, pertencentes a nove turmas de quatro es- colas, avaliadas por tempo de prática, idade e frequência semanal. Os resultados mostraram que os fatores motivacionais mais relevantes são o bem-estar, o prazer e o controle do estresse. Os menos valorizados foram reconhecimento social, reabilitação da saúde e controle do peso corporal. Os dados sugerem que é necessário refletir sobre o sujeito e sobre o corpo de forma holística, tendo em mente que a complexidade das diferenças pautadas pelo contexto e pela história do sujeito pode interferir em sua motivação.

The objective was to analyze the motivational factors that lead the practice of Belly Dance (DV). An Exercise Motivations Inventory (EMI- 2) questionnaire was applied to 60 DV practitioners aged 18 to 56 years, belonging to nine classes from four schools assessed by time of practice, age and weekly attendance. The results showed that the most relevant motivational factors are well-being, pleasure and stress control. The least valued were social recognition, health rehabilitation and body weight control. The data suggest that it is necessary to reflect on the subject and the body holistically, bearing in mind the complexity of differences based on the context and history of the subject may interfere with their motivation.

El objetivo era analizar los factores motivacionales que conducen la práctica de la danza del vientre (DV). Se aplicó un cuestionario del Inventario de Motivaciones de Ejercicio (EMI-2) a 60 profesionales de DV de 18 a 56 años, pertenecientes a nueve clases de cuatro escuelas evaluadas por tiempo de práctica, edad y asistencia semanal. Los resultados mostraron que los factores motivacionales más relevantes son el bienestar, el placer y el control del estrés. Los menos valorados fueron el reconocimiento social, la rehabilitación de la salud y el control del peso corporal. Los datos sugieren que es necesario reflexionar sobre el tema y el cuerpo de manera integral, teniendo en cuenta que la complejidad de las diferencias basadas en el contexto y la historia del tema puede interferir con su motivación.

How clinicians integrate humanism in their clinical workplace-'Just trying to put myself in their human being shoes'.

INTRODUCTION: Humanism has been identified as an important contributor to patient care and physician wellness; however, what humanism means in the context of medicine has been limited by opinion and a focus on personal characteristics. Our aim was to describe attitudes and behaviours that enable clinicians to integrate humanism within the clinical setting. METHODS: We conducted semi-structured individual interviews with ten clinical faculty to explore how they enact and experience humanism in patient care and clinical teaching. Interpretive description was used to analyze the data qualitatively. RESULTS: Humanism in medicine was described through five themes representing core attitudes and behaviours: whole person care, valuing, perspective-taking, recognizing universality, and relational focus. Whole person care involved recognizing the multiple dimensions of personhood and sensitivity to others' needs; valuing involved respecting and appreciating others; perspective-taking consisted of considering others' perspectives, suspending judgment, and listening; recognizing universality involved acknowledging the shared human condition, finding common ground, transcending roles, and humility; and relational focus was described through multiple relationships between patients, families, clinicians and learners, becoming part of another's story, reciprocal influence, and accompaniment. CONCLUSIONS: Whereas previous descriptions of humanism have focused on clinicians' personal qualities, our research describes a number of attitudinal and behavioural foundations of humanistic care and teaching, grounded in the experiences of clinical faculty. In drawing attention to the holistic and relational elements of humanism, our work highlights how these foundational elements can be more explicitly integrated into patient care, workplace culture, and clinical education.

Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial of a Home Vegetable Gardening Intervention among Older Cancer Survivors Shows Feasibility, Satisfaction, and Promise in Improving Vegetable and Fruit Consumption, Reassurance of Worth, and the Trajectory of Central Adiposity.

BACKGROUND: Holistic approaches are sought to improve lifestyle behaviors and health of cancer survivors long term. OBJECTIVE: Our aim was to explore whether a home-based vegetable gardening intervention is feasible and whether it improves diet and other health-related outcomes among older cancer survivors. DESIGN: We conducted a feasibility trial in which cancer survivors were randomized to receive a year-long gardening intervention immediately or to a wait-list control arm. Home visits at baseline and 1 year assessed physical performance, anthropometric indices, behavioral and psychosocial outcomes, and biomarkers. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING: Participants included 46 older (aged 60+ years) survivors of locoregionally staged cancers across Alabama from 2014 to 2016. Forty-two completed 1-year follow-up. INTERVENTION: Cooperative extension master gardeners delivered guidance to establish three seasonal vegetable gardens at survivors' homes. Plants, seeds, and gardening supplies were provided. OUTCOMES: Primary outcomes were feasibility targets of 80% accrual and retention, and an absence of serious adverse events; other outcomes were secondary and explored potential benefits. STATISTICAL ANALYSES: Baseline to follow-up changes were assessed within and between arms using paired t, McNemar's, and χ2 tests. RESULTS: This trial proved to be safe and demonstrated 91.3% retention; 70% of intervention participants rated their experience as "excellent," and 85% would "do it again." Data suggest significantly increased reassurance of worth (+0.49 vs -0.45) and attenuated increases in waist circumference (+2.30 cm vs +7.96 cm) in the gardening vs control arms (P=0.02). Vegetable and fruit consumption increased by approximately 1 serving/day within the gardening arm from baseline to follow-up (mean [standard error]=1.34 [1.2] to 2.25 [1.9] servings/day; P=0.02)] compared to controls (1.22 [1.1] to 1.12 [0.7]; P=0.77; between-arm P=0.06). CONCLUSIONS: The home vegetable gardening intervention among older cancer survivors was feasible and suggested improvements in vegetable and fruit consumption and reassurance of worth; data also suggest attenuated increases in waist circumference. Continued study of vegetable gardening interventions is warranted to improve health, health behaviors, and well-being of older cancer survivors.

Valores do trabalho: estudo junto a médicos estrangeiros do Programa Mais Médicos na região da Amures/SC / Work values: study with foreign physicians of the More Doctors Program in the region of Amures / SC

Ao implantar o Programa Mais Médicos (PMM) no Brasil, o Governo Federal pretende ampliar o acesso à consultas médicas a todos os brasileiros. O presente estudo problematiza algo subjacente a este Programa, os valores do trabalho, vez que esses profissionais encontram no Brasil uma cultura diferente da sua e um trabalho com características e especificidades próprias deste país. Nestes termos, o estudo objetivou analisar os valores do trabalho de médicos estrangeiros que atuam no PMM na região da Amures/SC. Especificamente pretendeu-se: (a) investigar a realização do trabalho de médicos estrangeiros em sua atuação em Saúde Publica; (b) investigar as relações sociais no contexto laboral dos médicos estrangeiros; (c) investigar a importância do prestígio profissional de médicos estrangeiros; e (d) investigar a importância da estabilidade profissional para os médicos estrangeiros em sua atuação em Saúde Publica. Para tanto, a pesquisa é de natureza aplicada; a forma de abordagem do problema é quantitativa. Em relação aos objetivos, é descritiva. Os procedimentos técnicos deste estudo o caracterizam como levantamento. Foram participantes 12 dos 16 médicos estrangeiros que integravam o PMM que atuavam na região da Amures/SC em 2016 e que voluntariamente se dispuseram à fornecer as informações necessárias e planejadas. O instrumento de coleta de dados foi a Escala de Valores Relativos ao Trabalho (EVT), desenvolvida e validada no Brasil por Porto e Tamayo (2003), composta por 45 itens divididos em quatro fatores: Realização no Trabalho, Relações Sociais, Prestigio e Estabilidade. Os principais resultados possibilitam constatar que a categoria que obteve índice mais elevado junto aos participantes foi ‘relações sociais’, com média geral de 4 numa escala que variou de 01 a 05 (entre nada importante e extremamente importante). Em sequência a categoria ‘realização no trabalho’ com média geral de 2,79, ‘prestigio’ com média geral de 1,9 e ‘estabilidade’ com a média geral de 1,8. Constatou-se que a categoria ‘relações sociais’ – que incluiu o relacionamento com os colegas, a manutenção da saúde e ajudar os outros a atingir as metas do grupo - foi definida por todos os respondentes como o principal valor agregado ao trabalho. Houve a confirmação de umas das hipóteses inicialmente proposta, pois se comprovou que os médicos estrangeiros que atuam no Brasil absorvem os valores do trabalho das organizações brasileiras. Observa-se ainda que existe um número significativo de estudos brasileiros sobre os valores do trabalho, no entanto, até o momento, não há estudos que fazem referência ao PMM.

Vulnerable Dark Triad Personality Facets Are Associated with Religious Fundamentalist Tendencies.

BACKGROUND: This study explores the possibility that religious fundamentalism (RF) may be linked to deficits in personality structure, which is in contrast to the general assumption that religiosity and spirituality are positively related to mature personality development. SAMPLING AND METHODS: To test this hypothesis, 327 (232 female) college students completed the Multidimensional Inventory for Religious/Spiritual Well-Being together with the Innsbrucker Religious Fundamentalism Scale. In addition, the 'vulnerable dark triad' of personality ('vulnerable narcissism', subscale of the Pathological Narcissism Inventory; 'secondary psychopathy', subscale of Levenson's Self-Report Psychopathy Scale; 'borderline personality', of the Borderline Personality Inventory) was assessed. RESULTS: In general, the relation between spirituality and healthy personality functioning was confirmed. In addition to greatly overlapping with 'general religiosity' (p < 0.001), RF was also relevantly predicted by narcissistic ('hiding the self') and borderline ('primitive defenses') personality facets (p < 0.05 for both). CONCLUSIONS: Based on these preliminary data, we conclude that specific structural deficits in personality might lead to more rigorous variants of religious/spiritual beliefs such as RF. Further research in clinical surroundings as well as in religious extremist groups is recommended.

What is and what is not positive body image? Conceptual foundations and construct definition.

A decade ago, research on positive body image as a unique construct was relatively nonexistent, and now this area is flourishing. How and why did positive body image scholarship emerge? What is known about this contemporary construct? This article situates and contextualizes positive body image within Cash's scholarship, eating disorder prevention efforts, feminist influences, strength-based disciplines within psychology, and Buddhism. Extracting insights from quantitative and qualitative research, this article demonstrates that positive body image is (a) distinct from negative body image; (b) multifaceted (including body appreciation, body acceptance/love, conceptualizing beauty broadly, adaptive investment in appearance, inner positivity, interpreting information in a body-protective manner); (c) holistic; (d) stable and malleable; (e) protective; (f) linked to self-perceived body acceptance by others; and (g) shaped by social identities. Complementing what positive body image is, this article further details what positive body image is not to provide a more nuanced understanding of this construct.

Social impact of the burden of psoriasis: effects on patients and practice.

The raised, scaly, and erythematous plaques associated with psoriasis can be cosmetically disfiguring, which may provoke disgust, fear, and aversion in others. Consequently, the social stigma of psoriasis can be devastating for patients, evoking feelings of shame and anxiety about how they are perceived. In recent years, appreciation of psoriasis as a disease that can cause social distress and impairment has increased. This review discusses the manifold social burdens of psoriasis; different and emerging therapies that may mitigate these burdens by improving outcomes associated with the underlying disease; and psoriasis management in the context of healthcare reform changes focused on assessing the quality and value of patient care. The social impact of psoriasis is substantial (eg, affecting interpersonal relationships, sexual function, intimacy, occupational success). Undertreatment of psoriasis continues, despite evidence that biologic agents may lessen the physical and social burdens and provide greater patient satisfaction than conventional therapy. Changes in healthcare place an even greater emphasis on measurable outcomes, including patient satisfaction. Increased understanding of the social burden of psoriasis may lead to provision of more comprehensive, holistic care that is in concordance with the evolving restructured reimbursement system.

Portrayal of alcohol consumption in movies and drinking initiation in low-risk adolescents.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hypothesis that exposure to alcohol consumption in movies affects the likelihood that low-risk adolescents will start to drink alcohol. METHODS: Longitudinal study of 2346 adolescent never drinkers who also reported at baseline intent to not to do so in the next 12 months (mean age 12.9 years, SD = 1.08). Recruitment was carried out in 2009 and 2010 in 112 state-funded schools in Germany, Iceland, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and Scotland. Exposure to movie alcohol consumption was estimated from 250 top-grossing movies in each country in the years 2004 to 2009. Multilevel mixed-effects Poisson regressions assessed the relationship between baseline exposure to movie alcohol consumption and initiation of trying alcohol, and binge drinking (≥ 5 consecutive drinks) at follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 40% of the sample initiated alcohol use and 6% initiated binge drinking by follow-up. Estimated mean exposure to movie alcohol consumption was 3653 (SD = 2448) occurrences. After age, gender, family affluence, school performance, TV screen time, personality characteristics, and drinking behavior of peers, parents, and siblings were controlled for, exposure to each additional 1000 movie alcohol occurrences was significantly associated with increased relative risk for trying alcohol, incidence rate ratio = 1.05 (95% confidence interval, 1.02-1.08; P = .003), and for binge drinking, incidence rate ratio = 1.13 (95% confidence interval, 1.06-1.20; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: Seeing alcohol depictions in movies is an independent predictor of drinking initiation, particularly for more risky patterns of drinking. This result was shown in a heterogeneous sample of European youths who had a low affinity for drinking alcohol at the time of exposure.

Quality of life, social desirability and their relationship in opium addicted persons in southeast of Iran.

BACKGROUND & AIM: Addiction leads to many problems which may adversely affect addicted people, their families and impose health care agencies with many challenges. This study aimed to examined quality of life (QoL), social desirability and their relationship among opium addicted persons in southeast of Iran. MATERIAL & METHODS: In a cross-sectional study conducted from September 2012 to January 2013, 123 addicted people were studied. Date collection tools were; checklist of demographic data, Iranian version of the 36-item short form QoL (SF-36) and Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (MC-SDS). RESULTS: While mean score of QoL was 60.4±29.5, mean score of social desirability were 14.2±3.7. Low, moderate and high levels of social desirability were observed in 4.9%, 90.2% and 4.9% of participants, respectively. Pearson's correlation were not significant between mean score of social desirability and mean score of QoL (p=0.969, r=0.004). CONCLUSION: Addicted participants of present study showed a moderate level of QoL and social desirability, without any significant relationship between QoL and social desirability. Further research is suggested in addicts with social and cultural differences.

Motivations to quit cannabis use in an adult non-treatment sample: are they related to relapse?

BACKGROUND: The majority of cannabis smokers who quit do so without formal treatment, suggesting that motivations to quit are an important part of cessation process. However, little is known about how motivations relate to successful quitting. METHOD: A convenience sample of 385 non-treatment-seeking adult cannabis smokers (58% male, age 16-64years at start of quit attempt) who made a "serious" (self-defined) quit attempt without formal treatment while not in a controlled environment were administered the 176-item Marijuana Quit Questionnaire (MJQQ) to assess their motivations to quit and outcome of the quit attempt. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify significant motivational factors. Subgroup comparisons used t-tests and ANOVA. Cox proportional hazard regression and the General Linear Model were performed to evaluate the influence of motivational factors, gender, and age on relapse status at time of interview and risk of relapse over time, with time between quit attempt and interview as a covariate. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis identified 6 motivational factors with eigenvalues >1 which accounted for 58.4% of the total variance: self-image and self-control, health concerns, interpersonal relationship concerns, legal concerns, social acceptability concerns, and self-efficacy. Women were more likely than men to be motivated by self-image/self-control, health concerns, and social acceptability concerns. Older individuals were more likely to be motivated by health concerns. At the time of interview, 339 subjects had relapsed. Self-image and self-control, health concerns, interpersonal relationship concerns, and social acceptability concerns were associated with greater likelihood of abstinence at the study interview. Legal concerns and social acceptability concerns were associated with significantly lower hazard ratios (0.88, 0.83) for relapse during the abstinent period. CONCLUSION: These findings show gender and age differences in motivations to quit cannabis smoking and that adult cannabis smokers have motivations to quite similar to those of adolescent cannabis smokers and of adults who quit alcohol and tobacco use without formal treatment. The findings suggest areas of focus to improve secondary prevention and psychosocial treatment efforts.

Clarifying the relation between spirituality and well-being.

Koenig (J Nerv Ment Dis 196:349-355, 2008) and others have asserted that measures of spirituality used to investigate its association with health seem to present a misleading picture of the relationship because of evidence suggesting that spirituality has become conceptually confounded with well-being. To evaluate this claim, the present study used a sample of 247 university students to explore the relation of a multidimensional model of spirituality with several different forms of well-being and the association of both with a two-factor model of social desirability. Correlational and regression analyses revealed that, although there is some evidence of an association, it is generally of low effect size and seems to differ as a function of how spirituality is defined. More importantly, however, there was the finding that existential well-being, a concept often incorporated into definitions of spirituality and a part of the measurement model used in this study, is virtually uncorrelated with explicitly spiritual and religious variables but shows a pattern of association with measures of well-being and social desirability, which suggests that it would be better conceptualized as a form of well-being and not spirituality. The article concludes with a discussion of the meaning of the findings for understanding the spirituality-health literature and suggestions for future research.

The effect of cigarette branding and plain packaging on female youth in the United Kingdom.

PURPOSE: Cigarette packaging is the most prominent form of tobacco marketing remaining in countries such as the United Kingdom. The current study examined perceptions of cigarette packaging among female youth and the potential impact of "plain" cigarette packaging regulations. METHODS: A national sample of 947 16- to 19-year-old female subjects in the United Kingdom completed an online survey. Participants were randomized to view 10 cigarette packs designed according to one of four experimental conditions: fully branded female packs, the same packs without descriptor words, the same packs without brand imagery or descriptors ("plain" packs), and branded non-female brands. Participants rated packs on measures of appeal and health risk, positive smoker image, and completed a behavioral pack selection task. RESULTS: Plain packs were rated as the least appealing and worse tasting compared with all other conditions. Plain packs were also associated with fewer false beliefs about health risks compared with branded packs. Removing brand descriptors from packs significantly reduced measures of appeal and taste, particularly for brands with flavor descriptors, such as cherry and vanilla. Plain packs were significantly less likely to be associated with positive images, such as glamour, sophistication, and slimness. Most importantly, respondents were significantly less likely to accept a pack of cigarettes when offered only plain versus branded packs (p = .026). CONCLUSIONS: Marketing in the form of pack branding remains a potent tool for increasing the appeal of tobacco products to young women. The findings provide empirical support for plain cigarette packaging regulations in Australia to be implemented in 2012.

Consumo y valoración social de la leche purita fortificada y cereal del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Complementaria (PNAC) en Chile / Consumption and social assessment of fortified milk delivered by the National Complementary Feeding Program in Chile

Introducción: El Programa Nacional de Alimentación Complementaria (PNAC), es considerado la mayor intervención nutricional en Chile. Objetivo: Evaluar el consumo y valoración social de "Leche-Purita-Fortificada®" (LPF) y "Leche-Purita-Cereal®" (LPC) en beneficiarios del PNAC. Sujetos y métodos: Estudio transversal. Se aplicó una encuesta de consumo a 544 ninos entre 11 y 72 meses de muestra representativa de las Regiones Metropolitana y Quinta de Chile. La valoración social fue evaluada en 11 grupos focales. Resultados: El 73% y 69% de las madres declaró alimentar a su hijo con LPF y LPC, respectivamente. Las madres declararon entregar una mediana de 60 (45-75)g de LPF y 50 (40-75)g de LPC; diluidas al 10 (8-10)% y 10 (10-10)%, respectivamente. Existe una buena valoración social de los alimentos. Discusión: Los alimentos LPF y LPC son ampliamente consumidos y bien valorados por la población beneficiaria. Sin embargo, el consumo y uso de estos productos puede ser mejorado.

Background: The National Complementary Feeding Program (NCFP) is a universal nutritional intervention in Chile. Objective: To evaluate the consumption and social assessment ofiron fortified milk "Leche-Purita-Fortificada® (LPF)" and "Leche-Purita-Cereal® (LPC)" in NCFP's beneficiaries. Subjects and methods: Cross-sectional study. A feeding questionnaire was conducted in 544 children aged 11 to 72 months in a representative sample from the Metropolitan and fifth Chilean Regions. The social assessment was evaluated through 11 focus groups. Results: Seventy three % and 69% ofbeneficiaries consumed LPF and LPC, respectively. The mothers claimed to deliver a median of 60 (45-75) g of LPF and 50 g of LPC (40-75) g, with a dilution of 10 (8-10) %% and 10 (10-10) %%, respectively. The perceived social value of these foods was positive. Discussion: LPF and LPC were consumed for most beneficiaries and well appreciated by the target population. However, the consumption of these milks can be improved.

French-language version of the World Health Organization quality of life spirituality, religiousness and personal beliefs instrument.

BACKGROUND: A valid assessment of spirituality and religiousness is necessary for clinical and research purposes. We developed and assessed the validity of a French-language version of the World Health Organization Quality of Life Spirituality, Religiousness and Personal Beliefs Instrument (WHOQOL-SRPB). METHODS: The SRPB was translated into French according to the methods recommended by the WHOQOL group. An Internet survey was conducted in 561 people in 2010, with follow-up 2 weeks later (n = 231, 41%), to assess reliability, factor structure, social desirability bias and construct validity of this scale. Tests were performed based on item-response theory. RESULTS: A modal score of 1 (all answers="not at all") was observed for Faith (in 34% of participants), Connectedness (27%), and Spiritual Strength (14%). All scales had test-retest reliability coefficients ≥0.7. Cronbach's alpha coefficients were high for all subscales (0.74 to 0.98) and very high (>0.9) for three subscales (Connectedness, Spiritual Strength and Faith). Scores of Faith, Connectedness, Spiritual Strength and Meaning of Life were higher for respondents with religious practice than for those who had no religious practice. No association was found between SRPB and age or sex. The Awe subscale had a low information function for all levels of the Awe latent trait and may benefit from inclusion of an additional item. CONCLUSIONS: The French language version of the SRPB retained many properties of the original version. However, the SRPB could be improved by trimming redundant items. The strength of SRPB relies on its multinational development and validation, allowing for cross-cultural comparisons.

Hypnotic intervention in a 7-year-old thumbsucker: a case study.

Thumbsucking is a common habit among younger children. Usually, the child outgrows this habit by age 6. When a child over the age of 6 continues to suck his or her thumb, it can be a cause of potential harm due to peer pressure, ridicule, and shunning. It can also lead to malocclusions requiring eventual orthodontic interventions. In this case study, the author demonstrates a hypnotic intervention in a 7-year-old girl. Validation of her habit and imaging a role model sucking her thumb were employed in trance. Using this approach, the child was able to end her dependence on thumbsucking in 1 session.

Is the accuracy of self-reported colorectal cancer screening associated with social desirability?

BACKGROUND: Self-reported cancer screening behaviors are often overreported and may lead to biased estimates of prevalence and of subgroup differences in screening. We examined whether the tendency to give socially desirable responses was associated with concordance between self-reported colorectal cancer (CRC) screening behaviors and medical records. METHODS: Primary care patients (n = 857) age 50 to 74 years completed a mail, face-to-face, or telephone survey that assessed CRC screening and social desirability measured by a short version of the Marlowe-Crowne scale. We used medical records to verify self-reports of fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy, and barium enema. RESULTS: Social desirability scores were lower for whites versus African Americans, college graduates, and patients reporting no prior screening tests; they were higher for telephone versus mail or face-to-face survey respondents. In univariable logistic regression analysis, social desirability scores were not associated with concordance for FOBT (OR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.94-1.13), sigmoidoscopy (OR = 0.95, 95% CI = 0.86-1.04), or colonoscopy (OR = 0.99, 95% CI = 0.88-1.11); however, lower social desirability scores were associated with increased concordance for barium enema (OR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.99). In multivariable analyses, no associations were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Social desirability as measured by the Marlowe-Crowne scale was not associated with accuracy of self-reported CRC tests in our sample, suggesting that other explanations for overreporting need to be explored. IMPACT: By understanding sources of response bias, we can improve the accuracy of self-report measures.

Effects of personal meaning among patients in primary and specialized care: associations with psychosocial and physical outcomes.

Personal meaning is thought to serve as an important resource among individuals adapting to the demands of illness. However, some work in this area has been marked by vague conceptualization, or use of assessment instruments that are confounded by well-being. This investigation evaluated relationships between psychosocial and physical outcomes and one theoretically important dimension of attained global meaning - perceptions of life purpose and commitment. Study 1 evaluated 175 patients followed in a primary care gynaecological practice. Study 2 assessed 104 cancer patients in a specialized stem cell transplantation centre. In both samples, personal meaning was concurrently associated with reduced emotional distress, enhanced coping efficacy, and closer intimate relationships, after controlling for social desirability bias and relevant demographic and medical covariates. Associations with lower distress and improved coping efficacy remained significant after additionally controlling for other psychosocial resource variables (i.e. social support, religiousness, emotional control). Personal meaning appears to be independently related to concurrent psychosocial adjustment in a range of medical settings.

Validation of a needs-based biopsychosocial distress instrument for cancer patients.

OBJECTIVE: People with cancer may experience distress related to diagnoses, disease-related symptoms, and treatment side effects. Assessment of cancer-related needs can facilitate timely triage and intervention and contribute to individualized comprehensive cancer care. This study assessed the internal consistency, test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Cancer Needs Distress Inventory (CaNDI), a self-report, needs-based measure of cancer-related distress. METHODS: A sample of 100 patients (27% male) with various cancer diagnoses completed the CaNDI, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Brief Symptom Inventory, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General, and the Paulhus Deception Scales. RESULTS: The CaNDI total and depressive and anxiety subscale scores all demonstrated excellent test-retest reliability and moderate to high correlations with other measures of these constructs. The instrument was minimally confounded by social desirability and provided high sensitivity and specificity in detecting depression and anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: Initial results suggest that the CaNDI has strong psychometric properties and may be a useful addition to cancer patient needs assessment, research and care.