ABSTRACT
A 26-year-old woman presented after an intentional ingestion of 20 g of caffeine. She suffered a profound respiratory alkalosis with metabolic acidosis, hypokalaemia and sustained polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. She was treated with intravenous intralipid and haemodialysis, and her arrhythmia was controlled using magnesium sulphate. Once invasively ventilated and unable to hyperventilate the patient became acidotic and required intravenous bicarbonate to correct her acid-base status. Two days following the overdose the patient was extubated, haemodialysis was stopped and norepinephrine was weaned off. The patient was discharged after a further 7 days. Serial caffeine levels were taken during this patient's care; the highest measured caffeine concentration 7 hours after ingestion was 147.1 mg/L. The known lethal dose of caffeine is 80 mg/L. Intralipid and haemodialysis represent a new and viable treatment in life-threatening caffeine overdose. Intravenous magnesium may terminate unstable arrhythmias in caffeine-poisoned patients.
Subject(s)
Acidosis/therapy , Caffeine/poisoning , Hypokalemia/therapy , Phospholipids/therapeutic use , Renal Dialysis , Soybean Oil/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Acidosis/chemically induced , Adult , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Drug Overdose , Emulsions/therapeutic use , Fat Emulsions, Intravenous/therapeutic use , Female , Humans , Hypokalemia/chemically induced , Magnesium Sulfate/therapeutic use , Suicide, Attempted , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically inducedABSTRACT
The worldwide increasing prevalence of obesity has led to a corresponding increase in consumption of weight-loss dietary supplements. The limited de novo regulatory oversight and under-reported toxicity profile of these products reflect as a constellation of newer adverse events. We chronicle here the case of an otherwise healthy woman who developed ventricular fibrillation-related cardiac arrest secondary to the use of Hydroxycut and Metaboost preparations. Published medical literature has a handful of case reports associating these products with potentially life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias. The proposed hypothesis implicates ingredients of these diet aids to have proarrhythmogenic effects. Physicians should remain vigilant for possible cardiotoxicity associated with the use of dietary supplements. Individuals who are at risk of developing cardiac arrhythmias should avoid herbal weight-loss formulas, given the serious clinical implications. Additionally, this paper highlights the need for a proper framework to delineate the magnitude and scope of this association.
Subject(s)
Anti-Obesity Agents/adverse effects , Dietary Supplements/adverse effects , Plant Preparations/adverse effects , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Female , Heart-Assist Devices , Humans , Middle Aged , Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest/etiologySubject(s)
Aconitine , Cardiac Electrophysiology , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Electrocardiography/methods , Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation/methods , Tachycardia, Ventricular , Aconitine/analysis , Aconitine/toxicity , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/adverse effects , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/analysis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/toxicity , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Multiple Organ Failure/diagnosis , Multiple Organ Failure/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Agonists/analysis , Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel Agonists/toxicityABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Our previous studies showed that renal sympathetic stimulation (RS) may facilitate ischemic ventricular arrhythmia (VA) by increasing left stellate ganglion (LSG) nerve activity, whereas renal sympathetic ablation (RA) may suppress VA. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether renal sympathetic interventions also can affect VA by modulating LSG activity in a cesium-induced long QT canine model. METHODS: Twenty-four dogs were randomly divided into RS group (n = 8), RA group (n = 8), or control group (n = 8). Serum norepinephrine, LSG function, and LSG neural activity were measured before and 3 hours after RS or RA. Increasing doses of cesium chloride then were administered until a "threshold dose" produced sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation. Early afterdepolarization amplitude, VA prevalence, and tachycardia threshold dose were compared among these groups. Nerve growth factor and c-fos protein expressed in the LSG also were examined. RESULTS: Serum norepinephrine, LSG function, and LSG neural activity were all significantly increased after 3 hours of RS and all were decreased 3 hours after RA. In addition, RS significantly decreased the tachycardia threshold dose, increased the early afterdepolarization amplitude, facilitated the incidence of VAs, and increased the expression of nerve growth factor and c-fos protein. In contrast, RA induced the opposite effects. CONCLUSION: RS promotes, whereas RA suppresses, the incidence of VAs in a canine model of cesium-induced long QT. Modulation of LSG neural activity by RS and RA may be responsible for these different effects.
Subject(s)
Autonomic Nervous System/physiopathology , Catheter Ablation/methods , Electric Stimulation Therapy/methods , Electrocardiography , Heart Rate/physiology , Kidney/innervation , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Animals , Autonomic Nervous System/surgery , Cesium/toxicity , Disease Models, Animal , Dogs , Male , Stellate Ganglion/physiopathology , Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology , Sympathetic Nervous System/surgery , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathologyABSTRACT
In several case reports, proarrhythmic effects of antipsychotic drugs have been reported. The aim of the present study was to investigate if application of risperidone or quetiapine has the potential to provoke polymorphic ventricular tachycardia in a sensitive model of proarrhythmia. In 24 isolated rabbit hearts, risperidone (5 and 10 µM, n = 12) or quetiapine (5 and 10 µM, n = 12) was infused after obtaining baseline data. Eight endocardial and epicardial monophasic action potentials and a simultaneously recorded 12-lead ECG showed a significant QT prolongation after application of risperidone as compared with baseline (5 µM: +29 ms, 10 µM: +35 ms, p < 0.01) accompanied by an increase of action potential duration. Administration of risperidone also significantly increased spatial dispersion of repolarization (5 µM: +16 ms, 4 µM: +19 ms; p < 0.05) as well as temporal dispersion of repolarization. Lowering of potassium concentration in bradycardic AV-blocked hearts provoked early afterdepolarizations (EADs) in 8 of 12 hearts and polymorphic ventricular tachycardia resembling torsade de pointes in 6 of 12 hearts (10 µM, 49 episodes). The results were compared with hearts treated with quetiapine (5 and 10 µM). Quetiapine led to an increase in QT interval (5 µM: +10 ms; 10 µM: +28 ms; p < 0.05) and a similar increase of APD90. However, treatment with quetiapine did not result in significant alterations of spatial and temporal dispersion of repolarization. No ventricular arrhythmias were observed in this group. In the present study, quetiapine demonstrated a safe electrophysiologic profile despite significant QT prolongation. In contrast, risperidone led to a more marked prolongation of myocardial repolarization combined with a more marked increase of dispersion of repolarization.
Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/toxicity , Heart Rate/drug effects , Heart Ventricles/drug effects , Quetiapine Fumarate/toxicity , Risperidone/toxicity , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Action Potentials/drug effects , Animals , Atrioventricular Block/physiopathology , Bradycardia/physiopathology , Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Heart Ventricles/metabolism , Heart Ventricles/physiopathology , Isolated Heart Preparation , Potassium/metabolism , Rabbits , Risk Assessment , Tachycardia, Ventricular/metabolism , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Time Factors , Torsades de Pointes/chemically induced , Torsades de Pointes/metabolism , Torsades de Pointes/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Patients who overdose on aconite can present with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia. Aconite must be prepared and used with caution to avoid cardiotoxic effects that can be fatal. We herein describe a case of a patient who had an accidental aconite overdose but survived with no lasting effects. The patient had prepared Chinese herbal medication to treat his pain, which resulted in an accidental overdose of aconite with cardiotoxic and neurotoxic effects. The patient had ventricular tachycardia, bidirectional ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. Following treatment with anti-arrhythmic medications, defibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation, he made an uneventful recovery, with no further cardiac arrhythmias reported.
Subject(s)
Aconitine/poisoning , Cardiotoxicity , Drug Overdose , Drugs, Chinese Herbal/poisoning , Adult , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation , Electric Countershock , Electrocardiography , Humans , Male , Tachycardia/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Fibrillation/chemically inducedABSTRACT
CONTEXT: Nearly pure caffeine is sold as a "dietary supplement," with instructions to ingest 1/64th to 1/16th of one teaspoon (50-200 mg). We report a patient with refractory cardiac dysrhythmias treated with defibrillation, beta-adrenergic blockade, and hemodialysis to highlight concentrated caffeine's dangers. CASE DETAILS: A 20-year-old woman presented with severe agitation, tremor, and vomiting approximately 1-2 h after suicidal ingestion of concentrated caffeine (powder and tablets). Within minutes, ventricular fibrillation commenced. Defibrillation, intubation, and amiodarone administration achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). Shortly thereafter, she developed pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VTach), with ROSC after defibrillation and lidocaine. She subsequently experienced 23 episodes of pulseless VTach, each responsive to defibrillation. Activated charcoal was administered via orogastric tube. An esmolol infusion was started. Hemodialysis was initiated once she was hemodynamically stable. She was extubated the following day, continued on oral metoprolol, and transferred to psychiatry on hospital day seven, achieving full neurological recovery. Serum caffeine concentrations performed approximately six and 18 h post-ingestion (pre/post-dialysis) were 240.8 mcg/mL and 150.7 mcg/mL. DISCUSSION: Severe caffeine toxicity can produce difficult to treat, life-threatening dysrhythmias. Concentrated caffeine, marketed for dietary supplementation, presents a substantial public health risk that demands action to limit consumer availability.
Subject(s)
Caffeine/poisoning , Dietary Supplements/poisoning , Poisoning/etiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/therapeutic use , Caffeine/blood , Caffeine/pharmacokinetics , Electric Countershock , Electrocardiography , Female , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Humans , Poisoning/diagnosis , Poisoning/physiopathology , Poisoning/therapy , Recovery of Function , Recurrence , Renal Dialysis , Severity of Illness Index , Suicide, Attempted , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Treatment Outcome , Young AdultABSTRACT
Ephedrine is a sympathomimetic substance used by sportsmen as a doping substance because of its stimulating and slimming effects. We report two cases of ventricular arrhythmias induced by abuse of ephedrine in two competitive athletes. Endomyocardial biopsies guided by electroanatomic mapping revealed contraction-band necrosis, a myocardial injury frequently observed in cases of catecholamine excess. Our cases suggest that long-term abuse of ephedrine may result in myocardial damage, and that these structural alterations may promote areas of slow conduction favoring re-entrant ventricular tachyarrhythmias and a long-lasting risk of ventricular arrhythmias.
Subject(s)
Athletes , Competitive Behavior , Doping in Sports , Ephedrine/adverse effects , Performance-Enhancing Substances/adverse effects , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Ventricular Premature Complexes/chemically induced , Adult , Bicycling , Biopsy , Boxing , Catheter Ablation , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Humans , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/surgery , Treatment Outcome , Ventricular Premature Complexes/diagnosis , Ventricular Premature Complexes/surgeryABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To evaluate whether evacetrapib prolongs QT intervals in healthy participants. METHODS: This was a single-center, randomized, active and placebo-controlled, 3-period, 6-sequence, and crossover study. Participants were randomized to 1 of 6 treatment sequences in which they received 1 of 3 treatments: evacetrapib 1200 mg daily for 10 days (supratherapeutic dose), moxifloxacin 400 mg for 1 day (positive control), or placebo for 10 days in each of the 3 separate treatment periods. Electrocardiographic parameters were recorded at time points specified in the protocol. The primary end point was the comparison of evacetrapib effect on the population-corrected QT interval (QTcP) to that of placebo at 7 time points following dosing on day 10. An upper limit of the 2-sided 90% confidence interval (CI) <10 milliseconds confirmed the absence of significant effect. Pharmacokinetic parameters were also calculated. RESULTS: Subjects were predominantly male (73.2%) with a mean age of 43.1 years and a mean body mass index of 25.9 kg/m(2). For the primary analysis, the upper bound of the 2-sided 90% CI for the mean difference between evacetrapib and placebo was <10 milliseconds at all time points on day 10. Following administration of moxifloxacin, the QTcP increased by ≥5 milliseconds at all time points (2, 3, and 4 hours postdose). Maximum plasma concentrations of evacetrapib occurred at a median time of approximately 2 hours, and the mean apparent elimination half-life was approximately 41 hours. The area under the curve and Cmax achieved in this study were both â¼5-fold the values that are expected with the dose level being studied in a phase 3 cardiovascular outcome study. A 1200-mg supratherapeutic dose of evacetrapib was considered to be well tolerated after 10 days of daily dosing in healthy participants. CONCLUSIONS: Evacetrapib is not associated with QT interval prolongation, even at supratherapeutic doses.
Subject(s)
Benzodiazepines/pharmacokinetics , Benzodiazepines/therapeutic use , Cholesterol Ester Transfer Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors , Adult , Aged , Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use , Area Under Curve , Benzodiazepines/administration & dosage , Benzodiazepines/adverse effects , Body Mass Index , Cross-Over Studies , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrocardiography , Female , Fluoroquinolones/therapeutic use , Half-Life , Humans , Male , Moxifloxacin , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically inducedABSTRACT
Several studies have determined an association between obesity and increased risk of cardiac arrhythmia. Currently, due to the increased frequency of obesity, food-, plant-, and drug-based therapies for weight loss have gained great attention. A 14-year-old female patient presented with complaints of palpitation of one-hour onset. Blood pressure was 110/70 mmHg and peripheral pulses were present. She had been using golden berry extract pill three times a day for 10 days. The electrocardiogram showed nonsustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia (VT). Echocardiographic examination and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were normal. She returned to sinus rhythm following amiodarone infusion. She refused the electrophysiologic study, which plays a vital role in the diagnosis and establishment of the appropriate therapy. Although there was no decrease in body mass index (BMI) of the patient during the two-year follow-up, she had no complaint or evidence of VT on intermittent rhythm Holter studies. This case suggests the primary role of golden berry extract use in the development of VT, rather than obesity.
Subject(s)
Obesity , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Plants, Medicinal/chemistry , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Administration, Oral , Adolescent , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Electrocardiography , Female , Fruit , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Plant Extracts/administration & dosage , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/drug therapyABSTRACT
Ibogaine is a naturally occurring psychoactive alkaloid extracted from the roots of the Tabernanthe iboga plant, which in alternative medicine is used to treat drug dependency. However, this upcoming, online advocated therapy can be dangerous due to its potentially lethal adverse effects. We present three cases in which toxic side effects were noted. We used the Naranjo scale to estimate the probability of a causal relationship between these effects and ibogaine. Findings in these three cases are suggestive of a causal relationship between the use of ibogaine and serious respiratory and cardiac problems (including lengthening of the QT interval). In our opinion it is of great importance that clinicians are aware of these potentially serious side effects and realise that widespread online marketing practices will give many more people access to ibogaine.
Subject(s)
Ibogaine/adverse effects , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia/chemically induced , Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Substance-Related Disorders/drug therapy , Torsades de Pointes/chemically inducedABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Caffeine is indicated in the treatment of migraine headaches, as well as neonatal apnea and bradycardia syndrome. In mild poisoning, the most prevalent symptoms are nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, tremor, anxiety and headache. In more severe cases, symptoms consist of heart rythym abnormalities, myocardial infarction and seizures. Due to its common lipolytic effect, caffeine is used in mesotherapy, usually in combination with drugs of similar effect. We presented a patient with acute iatrogenic caffeine poisoning. CASE REPORT: A 51-year-old woman, with preexisting hypertension and hypertensive cardiomyopathy was subjected to cosmetic treatment in order to remove fat by intradermal caffeine injections. During the treatment the patient felt sickness, an urge to vomit, and a pronounced deterioration of general condition. Upon examination, the patient exhibited somnolence, hypotension and nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, which was sufficient enough evidence for further hospitalization. On admission to the intensive care unit the patient was anxious with increased heart rate, normotensive, with cold, damp skin, and visible traces of injection sites with surrounding hematomas on the anterior abdominal wall. Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT) on electrocardiographic monitoring was found. The laboratory analysis determined a lowered potassium level of 2.1 mmol/L (normal range 3,5 - 5.2 mmol/L), and a toxicological analysis (liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection) proved a toxic concentration of caffeine in plasma - 85.03 mg/L (toxic concentration over 25 mg/L). On application of intensive therapy, antiarrhythmics, and substitution of potassium, as well as both symptomatic and supportive therapy, there was a significant recovery. The patient was discharged without any sequele within four days. CONCLUSION: A presented rare iatrogenic acute caffeine poisoning occured due to massive absorption of caffeine from the subcutaneous adipose tissue into the circulation when injected directly into the tiny blood vessels, as evidenced by hematoma formation. Poisoning manifestations were registered in gastrointestinal, CNS (anxiety, somnolence) and cardiovascular (hypotension, ventricular tachycardia and nonsustained PSVT) system. In this era of mesotherapeutic treatment promotion, one should keep in mind toxic prevention, with application being carried out exclusively in a specialized institution.
Subject(s)
Caffeine/poisoning , Mesotherapy/adverse effects , Caffeine/administration & dosage , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Injections, Intradermal , Middle Aged , Obesity/therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosisABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with cardiovascular arrest is a potential fatal complication of regional anesthesia. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA-induced cardiac arrest. Aim of the study was to compare four different rescue regimens using epinephrine and/or lipid emulsion and vasopressin to treat cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine intoxication. METHODS: Twenty-eight piglets were randomized into four groups (4 × 7), anesthetized with sevoflurane, intubated, and ventilated. Bupivacaine was infused with a syringe driver via central venous catheter at a rate of 1 mg·kg(-1)·min(-1) until circulatory arrest. Bupivacaine infusion and sevoflurane were then stopped, chest compression was started, and the pigs were ventilated with 100% oxygen. After 1 min, epinephrine 10 µg·kg(-1) (group 1), Intralipid(®) 20% 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 2), epinephrine 10 µg·kg(-1) + Intralipid(®) 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 3) or 2 IU vasopressin + Intralipid(®) 4 ml·kg(-1) (group 4) were administered. Secondary epinephrine doses were given after 5 min if required. RESULTS: Survival was 71%, 29%, 86%, and 57% in groups 1, 2, 3, and 4. Return of spontaneous circulation was regained only by initial administration of epinephrine alone or in combination with Intralipid(®). Piglets receiving the combination therapy survived without further epinephrine support. In contrast, in groups 2 and 4, return of spontaneous circulation was only achieved after secondary epinephrine rescue. CONCLUSIONS: In cardiac arrest caused by bupivacaine intoxication, first-line rescue with epinephrine and epinephrine + Intralipid(®) was more effective with regard to survival than Intralipid(®) alone and vasopressin + Intralipid(®) in this pig model.
Subject(s)
Anesthetics, Local/adverse effects , Bupivacaine/adverse effects , Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation/methods , Heart Arrest/chemically induced , Heart Arrest/therapy , Anesthetics, Local/blood , Animals , Blood Gas Analysis , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Bupivacaine/blood , Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Electrocardiography/drug effects , Emulsions/therapeutic use , Epinephrine/therapeutic use , Female , Male , Mass Spectrometry , Phospholipids/therapeutic use , Soybean Oil/therapeutic use , Survival Analysis , Swine , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/therapy , Vasoconstrictor Agents/therapeutic use , Vasopressins/therapeutic use , Ventricular Fibrillation/chemically induced , Ventricular Fibrillation/therapySubject(s)
Atrial Fibrillation/chemically induced , Electrocardiography/drug effects , Ginkgo biloba/adverse effects , Phytotherapy/adverse effects , Plant Extracts/adverse effects , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Adult , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Imaging cardiac excitation within ventricular myocardium is important in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias and might help improve our understanding of arrhythmia mechanisms. OBJECTIVE: This study sought to rigorously assess the imaging performance of a 3-dimensional (3D) cardiac electrical imaging (3DCEI) technique with the aid of 3D intracardiac mapping from up to 216 intramural sites during paced rhythm and norepinephrine (NE)-induced ventricular tachycardia (VT) in the rabbit heart. METHODS: Body surface potentials and intramural bipolar electrical recordings were simultaneously measured in a closed-chest condition in 13 healthy rabbits. Single-site pacing and dual-site pacing were performed from ventricular walls and septum. VTs and premature ventricular complexes (PVCs) were induced by intravenous NE. Computed tomography images were obtained to construct geometry models. RESULTS: The noninvasively imaged activation sequence correlated well with invasively measured counterpart, with a correlation coefficient of 0.72 ± 0.04, and a relative error of 0.30 ± 0.02 averaged over 520 paced beats as well as 73 NE-induced PVCs and VT beats. All PVCs and VT beats initiated in the subendocardium by a nonreentrant mechanism. The averaged distance from the imaged site of initial activation to the pacing site or site of arrhythmias determined from intracardiac mapping was â¼5 mm. For dual-site pacing, the double origins were identified when they were located at contralateral sides of ventricles or at the lateral wall and the apex. CONCLUSION: 3DCEI can noninvasively delineate important features of focal or multifocal ventricular excitation. It offers the potential to aid in localizing the origins and imaging activation sequences of ventricular arrhythmias, and to provide noninvasive assessment of the underlying arrhythmia mechanisms.
Subject(s)
Cardiac Pacing, Artificial , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac/methods , Heart Conduction System/physiopathology , Imaging, Three-Dimensional/methods , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Animals , Body Surface Potential Mapping , Electrocardiography , Norepinephrine/adverse effects , Rabbits , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Ventricular Premature Complexes/physiopathologyABSTRACT
The anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody rituximab is an effective treatment for small lymphocytic lymphoma; however, it has been associated with infusion reactions, including cardiac arrhythmias. Severe cardiac arrhythmia is an adverse reaction that is related to rituximab chemotherapy, and more investigation is warranted into the adverse reactions of rituximab that involve cardiac conduction abnormalities. Herein, we report what we believe to be the 1st case of symptomatic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia to have occurred during an initial infusion of rituximab.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects , Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Heart Rate/drug effects , Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Aged , Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Murine-Derived , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Electrocardiography , Electrophysiologic Techniques, Cardiac , Female , Humans , Infusions, Parenteral , Rituximab , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathologyABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The regulatory guidelines (ICHS7B) for the identification of only drug-induced long QT and pro-arrhythmias have certain limitations. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Conduction time (CT) was measured in isolated Purkinje fibres, left ventricular perfused wedges and perfused hearts from rabbits, and sodium current was measured in Chinese hamster ovary cells, transfected with Na(v)1.5 channels. KEY RESULTS: A total of 355 compounds were screened for their effects on CT: 32% of these compounds slowed conduction, 65% had no effect and 3% accelerated conduction. Lidocaine and flecainide, which slow conduction, were tested in more detail as reference compounds. In isolated Purkinje fibres, flecainide largely slowed conduction and markedly increased triangulation, while lidocaine slightly slowed conduction and did not produce significant triangulation. Also in isolated left ventricular wedge preparations, flecainide largely slowed conduction in a rate-dependent manner, and elicited ventricular tachycardia (VT). Lidocaine slightly slowed conduction, reduced Tp-Te and did not induce VT. Similarly in isolated hearts, flecainide markedly slowed conduction, increased Tp-Te and elicited VT or ventricular fibrillation (VF). The slowing of conduction and induction of VT/VF with flecainide was much more evident in a condition of ischaemia/reperfusion. Lidocaine abolished ischaemia/reperfusion-induced VT/VF. Flecainide blocked sodium current (I(Na)) preferentially in the activated state (i.e. open channel) with slow binding and dissociation rates in a use-dependent manner, and lidocaine weakly blocked I(Na). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Slowing conduction by blocking I(Na) could be potentially pro-arrhythmic. It is possible to differentiate between compounds with 'good' (lidocaine-like) and 'bad' (flecainide-like) I(Na) blocking activities in these models.
Subject(s)
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/pharmacology , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/chemically induced , Drug Evaluation, Preclinical/methods , Heart Conduction System/drug effects , Sodium Channel Blockers/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/adverse effects , CHO Cells , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Electric Conductivity , Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels/physiology , Flecainide/adverse effects , Flecainide/pharmacology , In Vitro Techniques , Lidocaine/adverse effects , Lidocaine/pharmacology , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/chemically induced , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Purkinje Fibers/drug effects , Purkinje Fibers/physiology , Rabbits , Sodium Channel Blockers/adverse effects , Sodium Channels/physiology , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathology , Ventricular Fibrillation/chemically induced , Ventricular Fibrillation/physiopathologyABSTRACT
Ayurveda is an East Indian tradition involving the treatment of medical ailments through the use of herbal medications. A previously asymptomatic 62-year-old man with a history of hypertension and stable coronary artery disease developed paresthesias and fascicular and ventricular tachycardia after ingestion of an Ayurveda bowel regimen containing substrates from the Aconitum species, which is a known neurotoxin and cardiotoxin. Findings of electrophysiologic study and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging were within normal limits, pointing to the ingestion of Aconitum as the most likely source of his arrhythmia.
Subject(s)
Aconitum/adverse effects , Diarrhea/drug therapy , Phytotherapy/adverse effects , Plant Preparations/adverse effects , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Amiodarone/administration & dosage , Amiodarone/therapeutic use , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/administration & dosage , Anti-Arrhythmia Agents/therapeutic use , Electrocardiography , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infusions, Intravenous , Male , Middle Aged , Plant Preparations/therapeutic use , Tachycardia, Ventricular/diagnosis , Tachycardia, Ventricular/physiopathologyABSTRACT
SUMMARY: Cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) is used for selected gastrointestinal carcinomas. We report a case of ventricular tachycardia during HIPEC with cisplatin that persisted as long as the chemotherapy solution remained in the intra-abdominal cavity. We hypothesise that high plasma levels of cisplatin with concomitant low magnesium levels caused the arrhythmia.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects , Cisplatin/adverse effects , Peritoneal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Tachycardia, Ventricular/chemically induced , Aged , Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Cisplatin/administration & dosage , Female , Humans , Hyperthermia, Induced , Infusions, Parenteral , Peritoneal Neoplasms/secondary , Peritoneal Neoplasms/surgeryABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Nonradioactive cesium chloride (CsCl) is used by some alternative medicine advocates as a treatment for cancer. The therapy was proven to be neither safe nor effective. Chronic use of CsCl has resulted in cases with severe cardiotoxicity. CASE REPORT: A 65-year-old lady presented to our hospital's accident and emergency department with recurrent syncope attacks. Electrocardiogram monitoring showed QT prolongation and transient Torsades de Pointes (TDP) ventricular tachycardia. She was taking anticancer naturopathic drugs for 6 weeks before admission. One of her naturopathic drugs was subsequently confirmed containing 89% CsCl by weight. Besides conventional treatment of QT prolongation and TDP, the patient was given a 4-week course of oral Prussian blue to enhance gastrointestinal elimination of cesium. The serum half-life of cesium was reduced from 61.7 to 29.4 days after the use of Prussian blue. QT prolongation was normalized in 27 days. DISCUSSION: To our knowledge, this is the first published case of nonradioactive cesium poisoning treated with Prussian blue. A transient rise in serum cesium level was observed during Prussian blue therapy. Possible explanations for this observation include poor drug compliance during outpatient treatment and redistribution of cesium from body stores. CONCLUSION: Nonradioactive CsCl poisoning can result in severe cardiotoxicity with QT prolongation and TDP ventricular tachycardia. The key points in the management of nonradioactive cesium poisoning include cessation of cesium exposure, vigorous electrolytes replacement, and oral Prussian blue therapy.