ABSTRACT
Partindo da pergunta "Como tem sido ser mulher e mãe em tempos de pandemia?", o presente estudo convidou mulheres que são mães, em redes sociais virtuais, a partilhar um relato de suas experiências com a readaptação parental em função do distanciamento social causado pela pandemia de covid-19. O objetivo foi refletir sobre a experiência de ser mulher e mãe em tempos de covid-19 e distanciamento social, apontando algumas ressonâncias do cenário pandêmico na subjetividade dessas mulheres. O estudo teve como base o referencial psicanalítico, tanto na construção da pesquisa e análise dos relatos quanto na sua discussão. A análise dos cerca de 340 relatos coletados, os quais variaram de uma breve frase a longos parágrafos, apontou para uma série de questionamentos, pontos de análise e reflexões. A pandemia, e o decorrente distanciamento social, parece ter colocado uma lente de aumento sobre as angústias das mulheres que são mães, evidenciando sentimentos e sofrimentos sempre presentes. Destacaram-se, nos relatos, a sobrecarga das mulheres com as tarefas de cuidado dos filhos e da casa, a culpa, a solidão, a exaustão, e o sentimento de que não havia espaço nesse contexto para "ser mulher", sendo isso entendido especialmente a questões estéticas e de vaidade.(AU)
Starting from the question "How does it feel to be a woman and a mother in pandemic times?", this study invited women who are mothers, in virtual social networks, to share their experiences regarding parental adaptations due to social distancing caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The objective was to reflect on the experience of being a woman and a mother in the context of COVID-19 and of social distancing, pointing out some resonances of the pandemic scenario in the subjectivity of these women. The study was based on the psychoanalytical framework, both in the construction of the research and analysis of the reports and in their discussion. The analysis of about 340 collected reports, which ranged from a brief sentence to long paragraphs, pointed to a series of questions, analysis topics, and reflections. The pandemic, and the resulting social distancing, seems to have placed a magnifying glass over the anguish of women who are mothers, showing ever-present feelings and suffering. The reports highlighted women's overload with child and house care tasks, the guilt, loneliness, exhaustion, and the feeling that there was no space in this context to "be a woman," and it extends to aesthetic and vanity related questions especially.(AU)
A partir de la pregunta "¿cómo te sientes siendo mujer y madre en tiempos de pandemia?", este estudio invitó por las redes sociales a mujeres que son madres a compartir un relato de sus experiencias sobre la readaptación parental en función del distanciamiento social causado por la pandemia del covid-19. Su objetivo fue reflexionar sobre la experiencia de ser mujer y madre en tiempos del covid-19 y el distanciamiento social, señalando algunas resonancias del escenario pandémico en la subjetividad de estas mujeres. Este estudio se basó en el marco psicoanalítico, tanto en la construcción de la investigación y análisis de los informes como en su discusión. El análisis de los casi 340 relatos, que variaron de una pequeña frase a largos párrafos, generó en las investigadoras una serie de cuestionamientos y reflexiones. La pandemia y el consecuente distanciamiento social parece haber agrandado las angustias de las mujeres que son madres, evidenciando sentimientos y sufrimientos siempre presentes. En los relatos destacan la sobrecarga de las mujeres con las tareas de cuidado de los hijos y del hogar, la culpa, la soledad, el cansancio, así como el sentimiento de que no hay espacio em este contexto para "ser mujer", relacionado principalmente a cuestiones estéticas y de vanidad.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Psychoanalysis , Women , Parenting , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Parent-Child Relations , Paternal Behavior , Paternity , Prenatal Care , Psychology , Psychology, Social , Relaxation , Self Care , Self Concept , Social Adjustment , Social Responsibility , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Stereotyping , Stress, Physiological , Stress, Psychological , Women's Rights , Work Hours , Body Image , Burnout, Professional , Activities of Daily Living , Pregnancy , Adaptation, Biological , Family , Marriage , Child , Child Development , Child Rearing , Quarantine , Hygiene , Mental Health , Family Health , Immunization , Sex Characteristics , Universal Precautions , Employment, Supported , Cost of Illness , Confusion , Feminism , Self Efficacy , Affect , Culture , Parturition , Depression , Postpartum Period , Educational Status , Ego , Employment , Fear , Femininity , Sexism , Work-Life Balance , Frailty , Occupational Stress , Androcentrism , Freedom , Self-Neglect , Frustration , Body Dissatisfaction , Psychological Distress , Social Comparison , Teleworking , Physical Distancing , Gender Equity , Family Support , Family Structure , Guilt , Health Promotion , Household Work , Identification, Psychological , Identity Crisis , Income , Individuation , Anger , Leisure Activities , Loneliness , Love , Maternal Behavior , Maternal Welfare , MothersABSTRACT
Com o advento da covid-19, foi declarado estado de emergência de saúde pública e decretadas medidas de isolamento e distanciamento social para conter a propagação da doença. O Conselho Federal de Psicologia, considerando a importância do acolhimento seguro durante a pandemia, publicou a Resolução CFP nº 4/2020, permitindo que serviços psicológicos aconteçam de maneira remota. O presente estudo visa, através do Método da Cartografia, apresentar a construção de um setting on-line para intervenções grupais e os desafios na oferta de acolhimento e atendimento remoto. Foram ofertados grupos terapêuticos, por meio da plataforma Google Meet, para estudantes da Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro. Um diário de bordo foi produzido para acompanhar as forças que atravessavam e constituíam o território e a experiência grupal remota. Compreendemos que o território-espaço-grupal-on-line era composto pelo espaço virtual em que nos reuníamos, pelos espaços individuais de cada integrante e pelas forças que os atravessavam. Observamos que nem sempre os participantes dispunham de um lugar privado, mas estiveram presentes no encontro com câmeras e áudios abertos e/ou fechados e/ou através do chat da videochamada. A participação no grupo funcionou como alternativa no momento de distanciamento social, sendo uma possibilidade para o atendimento psicológico em situações de dificuldade de encontros presenciais; entretanto, se mostrou dificultada em diversos momentos, pela falta de equipamentos adequados e instabilidade na internet, fatores que interferiram nas reuniões e impactaram na possibilidade de falar e escutar o que era desejado.(AU)
With the advent of COVID-19, a state of public health was declared, and measures of isolation and social distance to contain the spread of the disease was decreed. The Federal Council of Psychology, considering the importance of safe reception during the pandemic, published CFP Resolution No. 4/2020, allowing psychological services to happen remotely. This study narrates, via the Cartography Method, the experience of inventing an Online Setting for group reception. Therapeutic groups were offered, via Google Meet Platform, to students at the Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro. A logbook was produced to accompany the forces that crossed and constituted the territory and the remote group experience. We understand that the territoryspace-group-online was composed by the virtual-space that we gathered, by the individualspaces of each member and by the forces that crossed them. We observed that the participants did not always have a private place, but they were present at the meeting with open and/or closed cameras and audio and/or through the video call chat. Participation in the group worked as an alternative at the time of social distancing, being a possibility for psychological care in situations of difficulty in face-to-face meetings, however, it proved to be difficult at various times, due to the lack of adequate equipment and instability on the internet, factors that interfered in meetings and impacted the possibility of speaking and listening to what was desired.(AU)
La llegada de la COVID-19 produjo un estado de emergencia de salud pública, en el que se decretaron medidas de confinamiento y distanciamiento físico para contener la propagación de la enfermedad. El Consejo Federal de Psicología, considerando la importancia de la acogida segura durante la pandemia, publicó la Resolución CFP nº 4/2020, por la que se permite la atención psicológica remota. Este estudio tiene por objetivo presentar, mediante el método de la Cartografía, la elaboración de un escenario en línea para la intervención grupal y los desafíos en la oferta de acogida y atención remota. Grupos terapéuticos se ofrecieron, en la plataforma Google Meet, a estudiantes de la Universidad Federal Rural de Río de Janeiro. Se elaboró un diario para acompañar a las fuerzas que atravesaron y constituyeron el territorio y la experiencia remota del grupo. Entendemos que el territorio-espacio-grupo-en línea estaba compuesto por el espacio-virtual que reunimos, por los espacios individuales de cada integrante y por las fuerzas que los atravesaban. Observamos que los participantes no siempre tenían un lugar privado y que estaban presentes en la reunión con cámaras y audio abiertos y/o cerrados y/o por el chat de la videollamada. La participación en el grupo funcionó como una alternativa en el momento del distanciamiento físico y revela ser una posibilidad de atención psicológica en situaciones de dificultad en los encuentros presenciales, sin embargo, se mostró difícil en varios momentos, ya sea por la falta de medios adecuados o por inestabilidad en Internet, factores que interferían en las reuniones e impactaban en la posibilidad de hablar y escuchar lo que se deseaba.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Psychology , Attitude , Answering Services , Internet-Based Intervention , Teleworking , COVID-19 , Anxiety , Personal Satisfaction , Preceptorship , Professional Practice Location , Psychoanalysis , Psychology, Social , Quality of Life , Safety , Social Identification , Social Values , Socialization , Socioeconomic Factors , Speech , Students , Teaching , Unemployment , Universities , Work , Behavior , Behavior and Behavior Mechanisms , Work Hours , Attitude to Computers , Medical Informatics Applications , Bereavement , Single Parent , Family , Catchment Area, Health , Cell Adhesion , Cell Communication , Quarantine , Communicable Disease Control , Mental Health , Life Expectancy , Universal Precautions , Infection Control , Employment, Supported , Communication , Mandatory Testing , Confidentiality , Privacy , Imagery, Psychotherapy , Psychotherapeutic Processes , Internet , Crisis Intervention , Personal Autonomy , Death , Trust , Codes of Ethics , Depression , Air Pollution , Educational Status , Disease Prevention , Centers of Connivance and Leisure , Professional Training , Faculty , Family Relations , Fear , Emotional Intelligence , Return to Work , Hope , Social Skills , Emotional Adjustment , Optimism , Healthy Lifestyle , Work-Life Balance , Mentoring , Sadness , Respect , Solidarity , Psychological Distress , Social Integration , Transtheoretical Model , Psychosocial Intervention , Listening Effort , Social Cohesion , Belonging , Cognitive Training , Diversity, Equity, Inclusion , Psychological Well-Being , Household Work , Humanities , Individuality , Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders , Interpersonal Relations , Learning , Life Change Events , Motivation , Object AttachmentABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las precauciones estándar corresponden a un grupo de prácticas de prevención de infecciones que se aplican en la atención a todos los pacientes, tiene como objetivo prevenir la transmisión cruzada de microorganismos entre pacientes. OBJETIVO: Develar la opinión de las/os estudiantes de Kinesiología de la Universidad Mayor-Temuco con relación a las Precauciones Estándar. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio cualitativo, descriptivo y exploratorio, estudio intrínseco de caso, la muestra no probabilística, intencionada: 12 sujetos estudiante de kinesiología 2018; criterio de inclusión: haber aprobado la asignatura de Cuidados Básicos del Enfermo; recogida de datos: entrevistas en profundidad, se utilizaron notas de campo y se manejó el método de comparación constante, además esquema de la reducción progresiva. RESULTADOS: Para la categoría de significado de precauciones estándar surge medida de protección y seguridad para usuario y tratante; para precauciones estándar utilizadas en prácticas clínicas emerge las subcategorías de elementos y técnicas de barrera en forma análoga nace como categoría aplicabilidad de precauciones estándar de ella se desprenden campos clínicos, eventos clínicos del usuario y técnicas y procedimientos; para la categoría factores facilitadores: docente y estudiantes; en tanto factores obstaculizadores: curriculum. CONCLUSIONES: En los estudiantes existe un conocimiento deficiente y conceptos aislados sobre PE, utilizan principalmente guantes y lavado de manos; menor grado uso de mascarilla y pechera. Destaca positivamente conocimiento docente; factores obstaculizadores: aspectos teóricos deficientes curriculares; considerar modificaciones curriculares en aspectos conceptuales y procedimentales.
BACKGROUND: the standard precautions correspond to a group of infection prevention practices that are applied in the care of all patients, it aims to prevent the cross-transmission of microoganisms between patiens. OBJETIVE: to reveal the opinion of Kinesiology students at the Universidad Mayor-Temuco regarding standard precautions. METHODOLOGY: Qualitative, descriptive, and exploratory study, intrinsic case study, non-probabilistic sample, intentional: 12 subjects, kinesiology student of the year 2018; For data collection, in-depth interviews were used, field notes and the constant comparison method were used, in addition to the progressive reduction scheme. RESULTS: 173 units of meaning emerge, for the category of meaning of standard precautions, protection and security measure for user and trafficker arises; For standard precautions used in clinical practices, the subcategories of barrier elements and techniques emerge, the most mentioned, in an analogous way, the applicability of standard precautions is born as a category of clinical fields, clinical events of the user and techniques and procedures; for the category facilitating factors: teacher and student are the least mentioned; as impeding factors: curriculum. CONCLUSIONS: There is a deficient knowledge and isolated concepts about SP, mainly use gloves and hand washing; less degree the use of masks and scrubs. It is positively highlighted teacher's knowledge, and some of the hindering factors are the lack of theoretical aspects of the curriculum and the consideration for curriculum modifications to compensate conceptual and procedural aspects.
Subject(s)
Humans , Nursing/standards , Universal Precautions , Infection Control/standards , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Security Measures , Students, Health Occupations , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Kinesiology, Applied/educationSubject(s)
Asymptomatic Infections/epidemiology , COVID-19 Testing , COVID-19 , Infection Control/methods , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious , SARS-CoV-2/isolation & purification , Adult , COVID-19/diagnosis , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/prevention & control , COVID-19 Testing/methods , COVID-19 Testing/statistics & numerical data , Female , Humans , Needs Assessment , New York/epidemiology , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital/organization & administration , Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hospital/trends , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/epidemiology , Safety Management/organization & administration , Safety Management/trends , Universal Precautions/trendsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To determine if an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) could be used to evaluate and monitor hand hygiene and personal protective equipment (PPE) proficiency for medical interns in the United States. METHODS: Interns in July 2015 (N=123, Cohort 1) without OSCE-based contact precaution evaluation and teaching were evaluated early 2016 by OSCE for hand hygiene and PPE proficiency. They performed poorly. Therefore, the new interns entering July 2016 (N=151, Cohort 2) were immediately tested in the same OSCE station as Cohort 1 and provided feedback and teaching. Cohort 2 was then retested in the OSCE station early 2017. The Mann Whitney U test was used to compare Cohort 1 vs. Cohort 2 performances on checklist items. Cohort 2 performance differences at the beginning and end of the intern year were compared using McNemar's X2 test for paired nominal data. RESULTS: Checklist items were scored, summed and reported as percent correct. In Cohort 2, the mean percent correct was higher in posttest than pretest, 92% vs. 77% )(P <0 .0001). The passing rate (100% correct) was significantly higher, 55% vs. 16%. Comparing Cohort 1 and Cohort 2 at the end of intern year, the mean percent correct was higher for Cohort 2 compared to Cohort 1, 95% vs 90% (P < 0.0001). 55% of the Cohort 2 passed (a perfect score) compared to 24% in Cohort 1 (P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: An OSCE can be utilized to evaluate and monitor hand hygiene and PPE proficiency for interns in the United States.
Subject(s)
Hand Hygiene/methods , Personal Protective Equipment/ethics , Physical Examination/standards , Checklist , Cohort Studies , Hand Hygiene/standards , Humans , Internship and Residency/ethics , Mindfulness , Personal Protective Equipment/standards , Physical Examination/statistics & numerical data , Task Performance and Analysis , United States/epidemiology , Universal Precautions/methodsABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar, na literatura nacional e internacional, as evidências disponíveis sobre adesão às precauçõespadrãopor profissionais de enfermagem. Método: revisão integrativa, com vistas a responder a seguinte questão> Foi realizada a busca nas bases de dados LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science e Medline, e na bibliotecavirtual SciELO, empregando-se os descritores: Enfermagem, Precauções Universais, Precauções-Padrão. Resultados:De 1.216 artigos identificados, 60 foram selecionados e analisados. Após a análise dos resumos, foram incluídos 11artigos. Três artigos foram publicados em inglês e oito em português. Dez artigos apresentaram nível de evidência4, e um, como revisão integrativa, não apresentou nível de evidência. Conclusão: o estudo permitiu identificar apreocupação quanto à necessidade da adesão às precauções-padrão por profissionais de enfermagem e a importânciada identificação dos obstáculos para adotá-la.(AU)
Objective: to analyze the evidence available in the national and international literature on adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals. Method: integrative review with the aim to answer the following question << What is the evidence available in literature on adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals? >> Searches were conducted in the databases of the Latin-American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (LILACS), Scopus, Web of Science and Medline, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) using the meta descriptors: Nursing, Universal precautions, Standard precautions. Results: of 1,216 studies identified, 60 were selected and analyzed. After analysis of the abstracts, 11 were included. Three studies were published in English language and eight in Portuguese language. Ten studies presented level of evidence 4, and one integrative review did not present evidence level. Conclusion: the present study enabled to identify the concern about the need for adherence to standard precautions by nursing professionals and the importance of identifying the obstacles to follow it.(AU)
Objetivo: analizar en literatura nacional e internacional las evidencias disponibles sobre adhesión a Precauciones Estándar en profesionales de enfermería. Método: revisión integrativa, objetivando responder a la pregunta << ¿Cuáles son las evidencias disponibles en la literatura sobre adhesión a las precauciones estándar en profesionales de enfermería? >>. Búsqueda realizada en bases LILACS, Scopus, Web of Science y Medline, y en la biblioteca virtual SciELO, utilizando los descriptores: Enfermería, Precauciones Universales, Precauciones Estándar. Resultados: Fueron seleccionados y analizados 60 de 1.216 artículos hallados. Una vez revisados los resúmenes, fueron incluidos 11 artículos. Tres artículos fueron publicados en inglés y ocho en portugués. Diez artículos presentaron nivel de evidencia 4; y uno, como revisión integrativa, no presentó niveles de evidencia. Conclusión: el estudio permitió identificar la preocupación respecto de la necesidad de adhesión a las precauciones estándar en profesionales de enfermería y la importancia de identificar los obstáculos para seguirlas.(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Nursing , Nurses , Review Literature as Topic , Universal Precautions , MEDLINE , Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information , Personal Protective EquipmentABSTRACT
Some nurses who provide AIDS care, in addition to experiencing stigma themselves, also exhibit negative attitudes and perpetrate stigma and discrimination toward persons living with HIV (PLWHAs). We used a participatory research approach to explore the nature, context, and influence of stigma on the nursing care provided to PLWHAs in four low- and middle-income countries: Jamaica, Kenya, South Africa, and Uganda. Eighty-four registered nurses, enrolled nurses, and midwives participated in interviews and 79 participated in 11 focus groups. Nurses were very aware of the stigma and discrimination that AIDS evoked, and made adjustments to their care to decrease the manifestation of AIDS stigma. Despite the assurance that PLWHAs were treated equally, and that universal precautions were used consistently, we found that in reality, nurses sometimes made decisions about nursing care that were based on the appearance of the patient or knowledge of his or her status.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel/ethnology , Attitude to Health/ethnology , HIV Seropositivity/nursing , Nurse-Patient Relations , Nursing Care/psychology , Social Stigma , Confidentiality , Female , Focus Groups , HIV Seropositivity/psychology , HIV Seropositivity/transmission , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical/prevention & control , Interviews as Topic , Jamaica , Kenya , Male , Midwifery , Nursing Care/methods , Nursing Care/standards , Professional-Family Relations , Qualitative Research , South Africa , Uganda , Universal Precautions/methodsABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Patients with HIV/AIDS deserve to be treated with compassion and receive comprehensive care by their dentist and dental hygienists. Previous studies have shown that many dental and dental hygiene students had negative attitudes towards treating such individuals. This article addresses the effectiveness of a program that trains dental hygiene students in the issues of treating this population. All pre-doctoral students at the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry are required to receive this training. Dental hygiene students complete a pre-session survey during their first year and a post-session survey as they complete the training during their second year. The survey questionnaire was administered during the period of 2003 to 2009, during which 197 students completed responses to the post-session survey. Five questions in the survey address self-evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, confidence in the efficacy of Universal Precautions and Post-Exposure Prophylaxis (PEP) following blood borne exposures. This study reports on 5 overlapping 2 year testing cycles and shows significant shifts in all 5 areas surveyed. The most significant gains were in "Familiarity with PEP" and "Confidence in the Efficacy of PEP." These data support the usefulness of an HIV program in preparing future dental hygienists to deliver appropriate care to persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Subject(s)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome , Dental Care for Chronically Ill , Dental Hygienists/education , HIV Infections , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/psychology , Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/transmission , Attitude of Health Personnel , Blood-Borne Pathogens , Clinical Competence , Curriculum , Dental Clinics , Dental Hygienists/psychology , HIV Infections/psychology , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Interinstitutional Relations , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Preceptorship , Program Development , Schools, Dental , Self Concept , Self-Evaluation Programs , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
Health professionals caring for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) show poor or negative attitudes because of fear of contagion. Therefore, it is important to know the attitudes of midwives' and nurses' towards people living with HIV/AIDS. The aim of this descriptive and cross-sectional study is to assess the attitudes of Turkish midwives and nurses working at hospitals to people living with HIV/AIDS and to identify factors that affect these attitudes. A group of 46 midwives and 192 nurses working in hospitals were included in the study. Data were collected through AIDS Attitude Scale. Age, professional experience, number of children and marital status influenced the attitudes of the participants towards people living with HIV/AIDS. We concluded that higher level of education appear to positively influence the attitudes of the participants. Education programmes including evidence-based nursing implications might be planned to improve positive attitudes and to prevent stigmatization of people living with HIV/AIDS.
Subject(s)
Attitude of Health Personnel , HIV Infections/nursing , Midwifery , Nursing Staff, Hospital , Prejudice , Adolescent , Adult , Cross-Sectional Studies , Fear , Female , HIV Infections/prevention & control , HIV Infections/psychology , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Humans , Middle Aged , Midwifery/education , Nursing Staff, Hospital/education , Turkey , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the quality of life in patients with gout and their influencing factors, and to observe the effects of the intervention program of stage-based treatment of integrative medicine (IM). METHODS: Totally 120 patients with acute attack of gout within 72 h were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 60 in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Huzhang Tongfeng Granule (HTG), diclofenac sodium extended-release capsule and Jinhuang Ointment (JO) in the acute stage, and Yinlian Tongfeng Granule (YTG) and Benzbromarone Tablet (BT) in the intermission stage. Patients in the control group were treated with diclofenac sodium extended-release capsule in the acute stage, and BT in the intermission stage. All patients were treated for 12 weeks. The quality of life (QOL) before and after treatment was investigated by questionnaire. RESULTS: Before treatment there were no statistical difference in the physiological function, psychological function, social function, health self-awareness and total score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment the scores of the four aspects and the total score were significantly improved in the two groups (P < 0.01). And the improvement of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the gender, age, marital status, educational level, QOL with or without associated disease between the two groups (P > 0.05). The QOL of patients with joint stiffness or deformity was less than that of those without joint stiffness or deformity (P < 0.01). The total QOL scores of the gout patients were obviously correlated with the course of diseases (r = -0.324, P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The QOL of patients with gout was correlated with the course of disease and joint stiffness or deformity. Stage-based treatment of IM could significantly improve the QOL of f out patients.
Subject(s)
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use , Gout/prevention & control , Integrative Medicine , Quality of Life , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Benzbromarone/therapeutic use , Diclofenac/therapeutic use , Female , Gout/therapy , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
La preocupación creciente de los trabajadores hacia los posibles efectos nocivos de la exposición a campos electromagnéticos, está suponiendo una percepción desproporcionada de los riesgos derivados de la exposición. En la actualidad, no existe evidencia científica sobre dichos efectos nocivos, siendo aconsejable la vigilancia sobre las exposiciones que están fuera de los límites de seguridad. Desde este Servicio de Prevención y en colaboración con el Servicio de Física Médica, hemos elaborado un procedimiento que garantice, mediante criterios preventivos básicos, la seguridad y salud de los trabajadores que manejan equipos emisores de radiaciones no ionizantes, en nuestro hospital y centros de especialidades. Para la elaboración de este procedimiento hemos revisado la literatura científica relativa a los efectos de los campos electromagnéticos sobre la salud, reuniones periódicas de trabajo entre ambos servicios, identificación y ubicación de los equipos de radiaciones no ionizantes, y asesoramiento por expertos en la materia. El procedimiento establece medidas de control para los trabajadores, y medidas de control para los equipos. Con la finalidad de conseguir una buena difusión e implantación de dicho procedimiento, hemos elaborado dípticos y carteles, donde reflejamos las medidas de control para trabajadores y equipos: Onda Corta, Microondas, Magnetoterapia, Resonancia Magnética Nuclear, Láser y Ultravioleta El procedimiento con sus carteles explicativos ha sido distribuido específicamente por servicios, realizando formación e información de los trabajadores que maneja dichos equipos (AU)
Employee increasing concern about possible dangerous effects of the exposure to electromagnetic fields is meaning a distorted perception of the exposure related risks. Currently, there is no scientific evidence of the dangerous effects mentioned although surveillance over the exposures out of the safety limits is recommended. Within this Prevention Department in cooperation with The Medical Physics Department a procedure based on basic preventive criteria has been elaborated to guarantee health and safety of the employees who handle non-ionizing radiation emitting equipment in our hospital and specialized centers. To draw the procedure: scientific literature related to the electromagnetic fields effects over health has been checked, periodical working meetings have been held between both above mentioned departments; non-ionizing radiation equipment have been identified as well as the places they are based or used; and expert people advice has been used. The procedure sets control and follow-up measurements both for people and equipment such as follows: Shortwave, microwave and magnetic therapy, Nuclear magnetic resonance, Laser, Ultraviolet radiation. The procedure and illustrative posters have been deployed to the linked departments, the information and training having been given to the employees who work with kind of equipment (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Radiation, Nonionizing/adverse effects , Security Measures/standards , Radiation Exposure , Radiation Protection/standards , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the quality of life in patients with gout and their influencing factors, and to observe the effects of the intervention program of stage-based treatment of integrative medicine (IM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally 120 patients with acute attack of gout within 72 h were randomly assigned to the treatment group and the control group, 60 in each group. Patients in the treatment group were treated with Huzhang Tongfeng Granule (HTG), diclofenac sodium extended-release capsule and Jinhuang Ointment (JO) in the acute stage, and Yinlian Tongfeng Granule (YTG) and Benzbromarone Tablet (BT) in the intermission stage. Patients in the control group were treated with diclofenac sodium extended-release capsule in the acute stage, and BT in the intermission stage. All patients were treated for 12 weeks. The quality of life (QOL) before and after treatment was investigated by questionnaire.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Before treatment there were no statistical difference in the physiological function, psychological function, social function, health self-awareness and total score between the two groups (P > 0.05). After treatment the scores of the four aspects and the total score were significantly improved in the two groups (P < 0.01). And the improvement of the treatment group was better than that of the control group (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the gender, age, marital status, educational level, QOL with or without associated disease between the two groups (P > 0.05). The QOL of patients with joint stiffness or deformity was less than that of those without joint stiffness or deformity (P < 0.01). The total QOL scores of the gout patients were obviously correlated with the course of diseases (r = -0.324, P < 0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The QOL of patients with gout was correlated with the course of disease and joint stiffness or deformity. Stage-based treatment of IM could significantly improve the QOL of f out patients.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Benzbromarone , Therapeutic Uses , Diclofenac , Therapeutic Uses , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Therapeutic Uses , Gout , Therapeutics , Integrative Medicine , Quality of Life , Surveys and Questionnaires , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
Dentists need to be able to give people with HIV/AIDS compassionate and comprehensive care. Previous studies have shown that many dental students have negative attitudes towards treating such individuals. This article addresses the effectiveness of a program that trains dental students in the issues of treating this population. All predoctoral students at the Loma Linda University School of Dentistry are required to receive this training. Students complete a pre-session survey during their third year and a post-session survey as they complete the training during their fourth year. The survey was administered from 2003 to 2009 during which 386 students completed responses to the post-session survey. Five questions in the survey address self-evaluation of knowledge, attitudes, and confidence in the efficacy of universal precautions and post-exposure prophylaxis following bloodborne exposures. This study reports on five two-year testing cycles and shows significant shifts in all five areas surveyed. The most significant gains were in the two areas that are not addressed in much detail in other courses in the dental school curriculum. These are familiarity with post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) and confidence in the efficacy of PEP. These data support the usefulness of such a program in preparing future dentists to deliver appropriate care to persons living with HIV/AIDS.
Subject(s)
Dental Care for Chronically Ill , Education, Dental , HIV Infections , Students, Dental , Teaching/methods , Attitude of Health Personnel , Attitude to Health , Blood-Borne Pathogens , Clinical Competence , Community Dentistry/education , Comprehensive Dental Care , Curriculum , HIV , Humans , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Preceptorship , Program Development , Self Concept , Students, Dental/psychology , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
AIM: To determine the frequency of occupational exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), the circumstances and predisposing factors, the high-risk groups, the extent to which exposures are reported and the post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) utilized by health-care workers (HCWs) and students in a Ugandan hospital. BACKGROUND: Occupational exposure to HIV is a low but potential risk of HIV infection to health workers. METHOD: Self-administered questionnaire was given to 224 participants (including 98 HCWs and 126 students) in Mbarara Hospital, Uganda. Data were analysed with descriptive statistics using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 15.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA). FINDINGS: Of the 224 participants surveyed, 19.2% reported having sustained injection needle stick injuries in the previous year, of which 4.46% occurred with HIV-infected blood. Other reported injuries were cannula needle stick injury (0.89%), suture needle stick injuries (3.13%), scalpel cut injuries (0.45%) and muco-cutaneous contamination (10.27%). The most affected groups were nurses-midwives for scalpel injuries and students for stick injuries. The predisposing factors reported included lack of protective devices and recapping of needles. Exposures were under-reported. Uptake of PEP was also low. CONCLUSION: Occupational exposure to HIV presents a conflict situation for HCWs. It remains a frequent occurrence particularly among student nurses-midwives, despite being avoidable. Its prophylactic treatment is hampered by poor reporting and investigation of exposures, and poor access to PEP. Strict adherence to universal precaution and proper handling of occupational exposure to HIV should be encouraged.
Subject(s)
HIV Infections/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional , Post-Exposure Prophylaxis , Universal Precautions , Adult , Anti-Retroviral Agents/therapeutic use , Conflict, Psychological , HIV Infections/transmission , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , Midwifery/statistics & numerical data , Nurses/statistics & numerical data , Occupational Exposure , Uganda , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Although rare, there are many circumstances in which a secure airway is needed urgently. A newly developed technique is presented for quick and efficient performance of this procedure. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients who had tracheotomies performed at a tertiary referral center from January 1, 2004, through December 31, 2008, were found by querying the admission database. Three hundred twenty-seven separate procedures performed in 325 patients were identified. Urgent tracheotomies were distinguished from elective and emergent tracheotomies by reading operative reports and excluding elective and emergent procedures. Elective procedures were defined as performed in patients with a secure airway (with an endotracheal tube or laryngeal mask airway). Urgent tracheotomies were defined as having an intact, unprotected airway. Emergent procedures were performed in a patient with complete airway obstruction. RESULTS: Twenty instances of urgent, awake tracheotomies were found in 19 patients, resulting in an incidence of 20 of 327 tracheotomies (6.1%) in 19 of 325 patients (5.8%). CONCLUSIONS: Tracheotomy is an alternative to cricothyroidotomy as a surgical airway in patients with deteriorating respiratory status who cannot be safely intubated by nonsurgical means.
Subject(s)
Airway Management/statistics & numerical data , Tracheotomy/statistics & numerical data , Abscess/surgery , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Airway Obstruction/surgery , Anesthesia, Local/statistics & numerical data , Conscious Sedation/statistics & numerical data , Dissection/methods , Elective Surgical Procedures/statistics & numerical data , Emergencies , Female , Foreign Bodies/surgery , Humans , Hypopharynx/surgery , Intubation, Intratracheal/instrumentation , Male , Middle Aged , Pharyngeal Diseases/surgery , Universal Precautions , Young AdultABSTRACT
AIM: To ascertain the number of needlestick and sharps injuries (NSSIs) in nursing and midwifery students and to assess the use of universal precautions among injured and non-injured students. METHODS: A survey of a representative sample of nursing and midwifery students who did clinical practise in a hospital was conducted. In total, 203 students met the inclusion criterion of the study. Of these, 141 (69.46%) provided useable data. The survey form was designed by the researcher after reviewing the relevant literature. The data frequency, percentages, and χ(2) -values were examined. RESULTS: According to the data, 35.5% of the participating students had experienced a NSSI, 54% of the students had received one NSSI, and 36.0% had two NSSIs. Sixty-six percent of the injured students had been injured by an ampoule and the majority of injuries occurred in the treatment room. Most of the students had washed their injury with antiseptic solution and 84% had not told anyone about their injury. While 86.5% of the students threw away used needles in the special sharps containers disposal box, 89.4% also stated that they always recapped used needles. Almost all the students had received the hepatitis B vaccine. Only 14% of the students stated that they always wore gloves. CONCLUSIONS: This study shows that a significant percentage of nursing and midwifery students receive NSSIs. It is very important to frequently review information about preventive measures so that the students practise them during clinical practise every semester. Moreover, the instructors should monitor if the students are taking the necessary preventive measures without fail.
Subject(s)
Blood , Body Fluids , Midwifery/education , Needlestick Injuries/epidemiology , Occupational Exposure , Students, Nursing , Adult , Female , Humans , Turkey/epidemiology , Universal PrecautionsSubject(s)
Dehydration , Extreme Heat , Hyperthermia, Induced , Risk Factors , Universal PrecautionsSubject(s)
Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/nursing , Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/transmission , Australia , Creutzfeldt-Jakob Syndrome/prevention & control , Female , Humans , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/prevention & control , Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional/statistics & numerical data , Middle Aged , National Health Programs , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
Bleeding facial injuries are not uncommon in competitive karate. Nevertheless, the risk of an infection with HIV is extremely low. Guidelines about the prevention of HIV infections are presented. Especially in contact sports and martial arts the athletes, judges and staff have to recognize and employ these recommendations. Bleeding wounds of the hands due to contact with the opponents teeth can be minimized by fist padding.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/epidemiology , Competitive Behavior , Facial Injuries/epidemiology , HIV Infections/transmission , Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Martial Arts/injuries , Athletic Injuries/prevention & control , Facial Injuries/prevention & control , Germany , Gloves, Protective , Guidelines as Topic , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Humans , Risk , Universal PrecautionsABSTRACT
There were 62 surgeons consisting of 38 (61.3%) males and 24 (38.7%) were females. Thirty-one (50%) were from private and state government owned clinics while the rest were from teaching hospitals. Thirty-three (53.2%) were dental house surgeons, senior dental house surgeons and dental officers, while 29 (46.8%) were within the rank of registrar and senior dental officer, senior registrar, principal dental officer and consultant. Six (9.7%) use aspirating syringe all the time. 11 (17.7%) use aspirating syringe occasionally and 45 (72.6%) use non aspirating syringe. All the surgeons wear facemasks and latex gloves. On the replacement of the needle guard after injection, 58 (93.5%) indicated that the needle is first inserted into the needle guard and then secure 4 while 4 (6.5%) pick-up the guard with their fingers, place it over the needle and secure the guard. Eight (12.9%) indicated that the maximum dose of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline 1:80,000 is 7 mg/kg body weight or less, 5 (8.1%) indicated 10 mg/kg body weight, while 49 (79.0%) did not complete this section. On the maximum number of 1.8 ml cartridges, all the surgeons indicated that the maximum is 12 or fewer cartridges. This study revealed that the risk of intravascular injection is high. Although of the most dental surgeons take necessary precautions to avoid complications arising from the use of local anaesthetics, there is a need for total compliance in view of fatal complications that may ensue. It also underscores the need for continuous dental education program to update practitioners.