RESUMEN
The present study focused on the antibacterial and biofilm inhibitory potential of 4-epi-pimaric acid isolated from aerial parts (stem and leaves) of Aralia cachemirica L. (Araliaceae) against oral cavity pathogens. 4-epi-Pimaric acid exhibited minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in the range of 4-16 µg/ml and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) two- to four-folds higher than MIC. There was significant inhibition in the biofilm formation by Streptococcus mutans on the saliva coated surface (P < 0.05), and confocal microscopy revealed that 4-epi-pimaric acid inhibited the clumping and attachment of S. mutans. At 8 × MIC concentration, it significantly prevented the pH drop and reduced S. mutans biofilms (P < 0.05). Increased propidium iodide staining and leakage of 260- and 280-nm absorbing material by 4-epi-pimaric acid treated cells of S. mutans suggested that it probably causes disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane structure. It also exhibited significant suppression of TNF-α expression in human neutrophils, suggestive of its anti-inflammatory activity. Furthermore, the compound was found to be significantly safe (IC(50) >100 µg/ml) in the MTT assay on AML-12 cell lines. In conclusion, 4-epi-pimaric acid showed promising antibacterial, anti-biofilm and anti-inflammatory potency and this compound can be exploited for therapeutic application in oral microbial infections.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Aralia/química , Biopelículas/efectos de los fármacos , Diterpenos/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Streptococcus mutans/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/química , Antiinflamatorios/química , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Biopelículas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Línea Celular , Diterpenos/química , Diterpenos/toxicidad , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Ratones , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Boca/microbiología , Hojas de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Streptococcus mutans/crecimiento & desarrolloAsunto(s)
Orchidaceae/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Esteroles/química , Estigmasterol/química , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray , Espectrofotometría Infrarroja , Estigmasterol/análogos & derivados , Estigmasterol/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Two new anthraquinones, named cordifoliol and cordifodiol, have been isolated from the roots of Rubia cordifolia. Their structures have been established as 1-hydroxy-3-ethyl-9,10-anthraquinone (1) and 1,8-dihydroxy-11, 20 (15-pentyl-naphthaquinonyl) phenanthrene (2) on the basis of spectral data analyses and chemical reactions.