Herbal products as skincare therapeutic agents against ultraviolet radiation-induced skin disorders.

This paper aims to highlight the pharmacological aspects of listed herbal skincare products used for the treatment of various disorders caused due to ultraviolet radiation. The pharmacological aspects include safety and efficacy validation as per regulatory guidelines following internationally accepted scientific principles for their development of skincare products. Herbal products have always been used traditionally for the treatment of various skin ailments and have become more prevalent because of their safety and high efficacy benefits. The incorporation of synthetic molecules and chemical substances in the different medicinal and pharmaceutical formulations is the leading cause of the dermal toxicity. Therefore, the developments of herbal skincare products containing scientifically validated herbal ingredients have better acceptance, respect, and belief in the society. The listed herbal products in this review can help take forward the commercial development of skincare products for therapeutic as well as beauty care purposes from such plants.

Glabridin ameliorates methotrexate-induced liver injury via attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Despite unprecedented advances in modern medicine, no safe and effective drug is available to date for oral administration to combat drug-induced liver injury, which is a vital concern nowadays. The present study deals with the hepatoprotective effect of pure glabridin, a key phytoconstituent from Glycyrrhiza glabra with mechanistic investigations using an in-vivo methotrexate-induced liver injury model as there is no such precedent. The study was performed in the Swiss mice model where a single dose of methotrexate (40 mg/kg) was given on the 7th day through an intraperitoneal route to induce hepatotoxicity, and glabridin as a test compound was administered orally for eleven consecutive days at 10 to 40 mg/kg. Glabridin markedly improved serum biochemical parameters (SGPT, SGOT), proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α) level, oxidative stress markers (MDA, GSH, SOD, CAT) as compared to methotrexate alone. Alterations in methotrexate-induced liver architecture were considerably prevented by glabridin treatment as suggested by liver histopathological examination and SEM investigation. Glabridin substantially prevented methotrexate-induced down-regulation of Nrf2, & activation of NF-κB, and caused up-regulation of BAX at different dose levels. Overall, glabridin is found to protect methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity by improving important factors for oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis.

Ten marker compounds-based comparative study of green tea and guava leaf by HPTLC densitometry methods: antioxidant activity profiling.

High-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for the separation and quantitative determination of ten markers (catechins, flavonoids, and phenolics) in different extracts of green tea and guava leaf has been developed and the antioxidant activity profiles of the two plant extracts have been determined. Ten marker compounds have been resolved using silica gel 60 F(254) plates, toluene/acetone/formic acid (5:4:1 v/v/v) for markers 1-6, and toluene/ethyl acetate/formic acid/methanol (3:3:0.8:0.2 v/v/v/v) for markers 7-10 as the mobile phases. The high-performance thin layer chromatography densitometry was performed at wavelengths of 282 and 285 nm for the markers 1-6 and 7-10, respectively. Potent antioxidant activity and the presence of phenolics and flavan-3-ols has been observed for the guava leaf extracts suggestive of its use as an alternate economical source of antioxidants over green tea--the well-established food additive/nutraceutical agent.

Anti-tubercular agents. Part 5: synthesis and biological evaluation of benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide based congeners.

In an effort to discover new and effective chemotherapeutic agents from this laboratory for the treatment of tuberculosis, here in we describe the synthesis and biological evaluation of a series of novel benzothiadiazine 1,1-dioxide (BTD) based congeners by using rifampicin, streptomycin; ciprofloxacin and amphotericin as positive controls. Further, to understand structural requirements for exploring the structure activity relationship of BTDs, cytotoxicity and in vivo study of recently reported potent molecule 4 (MIC = 1 microg/mL) is also discussed.

Evaluation of the antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activities of hydroxychavicol for its potential use as an oral care agent.

Hydroxychavicol isolated from the chloroform extraction of aqueous extract of Piper betle leaves showed inhibitory activity against oral cavity pathogens. It exhibited an inhibitory effect on all of the oral cavity pathogens tested (MICs of 62.5 to 500 microg/ml) with a minimal bactericidal concentration that was twofold greater than the inhibitory concentration. Hydroxychavicol exhibited concentration-dependent killing of Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 up to 4x MIC and also prevented the formation of water-insoluble glucan. Interestingly, hydroxychavicol exhibited an extended postantibiotic effect of 6 to 7 h and prevented the emergence of mutants of S. mutans ATCC 25175 and Actinomyces viscosus ATCC 15987 at 2x MIC. Furthermore, it also inhibited the growth of biofilms generated by S. mutans and A. viscosus and reduced the preformed biofilms by these bacteria. Increased uptake of propidium iodide by hydroxychavicol-treated cells of S. mutans and A. viscosus indicated that hydroxychavicol probably works through the disruption of the permeability barrier of microbial membrane structures. Hydroxychavicol also exhibited potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. This was evident from its concentration-dependent inhibition of lipid peroxidation and significant suppression of tumor necrosis factor alpha expression in human neutrophils. Its efficacy against adherent cells of S. mutans in water-insoluble glucan in the presence of sucrose suggests that hydroxychavicol would be a useful compound for the development of antibacterial agents against oral pathogens and that it has great potential for use in mouthwash for preventing and treating oral infections.