Sex selection in late Iberian infant burials: Integrating evidence from morphological and genetic data.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to analyze the infant burials found inside Iberian homes in relation to a possible case of sex selection. METHODS: The study included the remains of 11 infant individuals buried under the 10 houses excavated in the late Iberian village of Camp de les Lloses (Tona, Barcelona, Spain). Sex was determined using genetic analysis. RESULTS: Our results showed that almost all the burials were females. However, the age interval of death was wide enough to weaken the premise of infanticide, and the burials probably represent cases of natural death. DISCUSSION: Infanticide in its different forms has long been argued as an explanation for the infant remains found throughout various burial sites. Many authors thought that infanticide, mainly femicide, was the main method of population control in ancient times. However, there is no anthropological evidence (age distribution and sex analyzed genetically) to support the intentional killing of females in this or in other cases. We hypothesized that there was a positive selection for females to be buried inside the houses, probably related to their benefactor roles.

Activity of low level laser therapy on burning wounds in diabetic rats / Atividade terapêutica do laser de baixa intensidade em queimaduras em ratos diabéticos / Actividad terapéutica de láser de baja intensidad en quemaduras de ratones diabéticos

This study evaluated the effects of low level laser (LLL) therapy in the healing of third degree burning wounds in diabetic and non-diabetic Wistar rats. Methods: The diabetes was experimentally induced with streptozotocine 14 days before the burning injury induction. The rats suffered the induction of third-degree burning injury and were divided into four groups as follows: control group; non-diabetic treated group; diabetic group; diabetic treated group. All animals received occlusive bandages during the experimental days. The treated animals received the following treatment in alternate days: diode GaAlAs laser (650 nm/ 12 mW), fluency of 3 J/cm2 until the 7th experimental day followed by 6 J/cm2 from the 7th day until the euthanasia day. The burning wounds were morphometrically, macroscopically and microscopically evaluated at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 days after the induction. Results: The wound contraction was significantly higher in all experimental days in treated groups when compared to the diabetic and non-diabetic control groups. Microscopically, there was a significant increase in angiogenesis and in fibrogenesis during the proliferative stage in the treated groups. Conclusion: Therefore, we conclude that LLL therapy favored the tissue healing process with 3 J/cm2 dosage for the inflammatory stage and with 6 J/cm2 dosage for the proliferative and remodeling ones, accelerating the burning wound contraction and improving the healing process...

Este estudo avaliou os efeitos da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade (LBI) na cicatrização de feridas por queimadura de terceiro grau em ratos Wistar diabéticos e não diabéticos. Métodos: A diabete foi induzida experimentalmente com estreptozotocina 14 dias antes da indução da lesão por queimadura. Os ratos sofreram a indução da lesão por queimadura de terceiro grau e foram divididos em quatro grupos: grupo controle; grupo tratado não diabético; grupo diabético; grupo tratado diabético. Todos os animais receberam curativos oclusivos durante os dias experimentais. Os animais tratados receberam o seguinte tratamento em dias alternados: laser diodos GaAIAs (650 nm/12 mW), fluência de 3 J/cm2 até o sétimo dia experimental, seguido por 6 J/cm2 a partir do sétimo dia até ao dia eutanásia. As feridas por queimaduras foram avaliadas morfometricamente, macro e microscopicamente em 3, 7, 14, 21 e 30 dias após a indução. Resultados: A contração da ferida foi significativamente maior em todos os dias experimentais nos grupos tratados quando comparados com os grupos controle diabéticos e não diabéticos. Microscopicamente, houve aumento significativo na angiogênese e na fibrogênese durante a fase proliferativa nos grupos tratados. Conclusões: Concluímos que a terapia LBI favoreceu o processo de cicatrização do tecido com dosagem de 3 J/cm2 na fase inflamatória e com dosagem de 6 J/cm2 nas fases proliferativa e de remodelação, acelerando a contração da ferida por queimadura e melhorando o processo de cicatrização. DESCRITORES: Queimaduras. Diabetes Mellitus. Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade. Patologia...

Este estudio evaluó los efectos de la terapia láser de baja intensidad (LBI) en la cicatrización de heridas por quemadura de 3er. grado en ratones Wistar diabéticos y no diabéticos. Métodos: La diabetes fue inducida experimentalmente con Estreptozotocina 14 días antes de la inducción de la lesión por quemadura. Después de la inducción de la lesión por quemadura de 3er. grado, los ratones fueron divididos en cuatro grupos: control, tratado no-diabético, diabético y tratado-diabético. Todos los animales recibieron curativos oclusivos durante los días de los experimentos. Los animales tratados recibieron el siguiente tratamiento en días alternados: láser diodos GaAIAs (650 nm/12 mW), flujo de 3 J/cm2 hasta el séptimo dia del experimento, seguido por 6 J/cm2 a partir del séptimo día hasta el día de la eutanasia. Las heridas por quemadura fueron evaluadas morfométricamente, macro y microscópicamente en 3, 7, 14, 21 y 30 días después de la inducción. Resultados: La contracción de la herida fue significativamente mayor en todos os días de experimento en los grupos tratados cuando comparados con los grupos control diabéticos y no-diabéticos. Microscopicamente, hubo aumento significativo en la angiogénesis y en la fibrogénesis durante la fase proliferativa en los grupos tratados. Conclusiones: Concluimos que la terapia LBI favoreció el proceso de cicatrización del tejido con dosis de 3 J/cm2 en la fase inflamatoria y con dosis de 6 J/cm2 en las fases proliferativa y de remodelación, acelerando la contracción de la herida por quemadura y mejorando el proceso de cicatrización...

Anti-inflammatory effect of low-intensity laser on the healing of third-degree burn wounds in rats.

Third-degree burn wounds are considered severe injuries because they destroy all the skin layers and may affect subcutaneous tissues, fasciae, muscles, and bones. To favor the healing process of the injured tissues, it is very useful to diminish the occurrence of the inflammatory process. The present study was aimed at comparing the effect of different energetic densities of AlGaInP laser on the inflammatory process and in the healing of third-degree burn wounds in Wistar rats. This study was approved by the Ethics Committee, in which 36 adult male rats were selected and suffered the induction of third-degree burn injury. These rats were divided as follows: group 1-control (treated with silver sulfadiazine), group 2-received energy density of 3 J/cm(2), and group 3-received energy density of 6 J/cm(2). All animals daily received an occlusive bandage with silver sulfadiazine and 8 % papain. The laser therapy was performed alternatively three times a week. The animals were evaluated on the 3rd, 7th, 14th, and 21st days after the initial lesion and euthanized for the macroscopic, histologic, and morphometric analysis. A higher production of collagen was observed at 7 days and a greater re-epithelialization at 21 days in group 3 (6 J/cm(2)). Furthermore, the latter when compared to the other groups presented macroscopically a better aspect of the scar at 21 days with more granulation tissue and fibrosis. We conclude that the AlGaInP laser used in dosages of 3 and 6 J/cm(2) favors the healing of third-degree burn wounds induced in rats.