Effects of green tea polyphenols on inflammation and iron status.

Inflammation is an underlying problem for many disease states and has been implicated in iron deficiency (ID). This study aimed to determine whether iron status is improved by epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) through reducing inflammation. Thirty-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed an iron-deficient diet for 2 weeks and then randomly divided into four groups (n 8 each): positive controls, negative controls, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 0⋅5 mg/kg body weight), and LPS + EGCG (LPS plus 600 mg EGCG/kg diet) for 3 additional weeks. The study involved testing two control groups, both treated with saline. One group (positive control) was fed a regular diet containing standard iron, while the negative control was fed an iron-deficient diet. Additionally, two treatment groups were tested. The first group was given LPS, while the second group was administered LPS and fed an EGCG diet. Iron status, hepcidin, C-reactive protein (CRP), serum amyloid A (SAA), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were measured. There were no differences in treatment groups compared with control in CRP, hepcidin, and liver iron concentrations. Serum iron concentrations were significantly lower in the LPS (P = 0⋅02) and the LPS + EGCG (P = 0⋅01) than in the positive control group. Compared to the positive control group, spleen iron concentrations were significantly lower in the negative control (P < 0⋅001) but not with both LPS groups. SAA concentrations were significantly lower in the LPS + EGCG group compared to LPS alone group. EGCG reduced SAA concentrations but did not affect hepcidin or improve serum iron concentration or other iron markers.

Association between choline supplementation and Alzheimer's disease risk: a systematic review protocol.

Background and aims: There is growing evidence suggesting choline intake might have beneficial effects on cognitive function in the elderly. However, some studies report no relationship between choline intake and cognitive function or improvement in Alzheimer's disease patients. This protocol is for a systematic review of choline intake and Alzheimer's disease that aims to assess the comparative clinical effectiveness of choline supplementation on Alzheimer's disease risk. Methods and analysis: literature search will be performed in PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, and the Web of Science electronic databases from inception until October 2023. We will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Studies will be included if they compared two different time points of choline biomarkers measures in men or women (65+) with Alzheimer's Disease. The risk of bias in the included studies will be assessed within the Covidence data-management software. Results: This review will summarize the clinical trial and quasi-experimental evidence of choline intake on Alzheimer's disease risk for adults aged 65+. The results from all eligible studies included in the analysis will be presented in tables, text, and figures. A descriptive synthesis will present the characteristics of included studies (e.g., age, sex of participants, type, length of intervention and comparator, and outcome measures), critical appraisal results, and descriptions of the main findings. Discussion: This systematic review will summarize the existing evidence on the association between Choline intake and AD and to make recommendations if appropriate. The results of this review will be considered with respect to whether there is enough evidence of benefit to merit a more definitive randomized controlled trial. The results will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals population. Conclusion: This protocol outlines the methodology for a systematic review of choline intake and AD. The resulting systematic review from this protocol will form an evidence-based foundation to advance nutrition care for individuals with AD or poor cognitive function. Systematic review registration: http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023395004.