Chinese Medicine Regulates Intestinal Flora to Treat Ulcerative Colitis in Patients with Syndrome of Large Intestine Dampness-heat： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The clinical changes of ulcerative colitis （UC） with the main syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat and the alterations of intestinal flora in UC were summarized to reveal the underlying mechanism. After review of the treatment methods for UC with the syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat， we identified the representative traditional Chinese medicines and compound prescriptions and explored the treatment mechanisms. Furthermore， we probed into the associations of UC and the treatment methods with the intestinal flora. The related articles were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）. The available studies have shown that Akkermansia muciniphila， Escherichia coli， Enterococcus， and probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are closely associated with Chinese medicines in UC patients with the syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat. However， due to the shortcomings in clinical research and the susceptibility of intestinal flora to diverse factors， it is still challenging to accurately characterize the intestinal flora changes associated with diseases. Additionally， the research on the mechanisms of Chinese medicines in regulating intestinal flora in UC patients with the syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat remains to be improved. The feasibility of using Chinese medicines and compound prescriptions for precise regulation of intestinal flora in these patients is still debatable. In this regard， scientific issues such as the biological connotation of UC with the syndrome of large intestine dampness-heat and the correlation between syndrome and intestinal flora have become primary research tasks. Additionally， attention should also be paid to the interactions between the intestinal lumen exposure profile of Chinese medicines and intestinal flora. Finally， the thinking of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and the concepts of modern medicine should be combined for the research on the formulation of TCM regimens for regulating intestinal flora in treating UC.

Liver Injury Caused by Psoraleae Fructus： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Psoraleae Fructus （PF） is a non-toxic Chinese herbal medicine， while the liver injury caused by PF has aroused wide concern in recent years. At present， animal experiments and in vitro studies have been carried out to explore the mechanism， targets， and toxic components of PF in inducing liver injury， which， however， have differences compared with the actual conditions in clinical practice， and there are still some potential hepatotoxic components and targets of PF that have not been discovered. With the continuous progress in systems biology， establishing the drug-induced liver injury model and the liver injury prediction model based on network toxicology can reduce the cost of animal experiments， improve the toxicity prediction efficiency， and provide new tools for predicting toxic components and targets. To systematically explain the characteristics of liver injury in the application of PF and explore the potential hepatotoxic components and targets of PF， we reviewed the related articles published by China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang Data， VIP， and PubMed from 1962 to 2021 and analyzed the characteristics and influencing factors of liver injury caused by PF in the patients. Furthermore， we summarized the chemical components of PF and the components entering blood. By reviewing the mechanism， targets， and components of PF in inducing liver injury that were discovered by in vivo and in vitro experiments， we summarized the known compounds in PF that may cause liver injury. Finally， the current methods for building the prediction model of PF-induced liver injury were summarized， and the predicted toxic components and targets were introduced. The possible factors of PF in causing liver injury were explained from three aspects： clinical characteristics， preclinical studies， and computer-assisted network prediction， which provide a reference for predicting the risk of PF-induced liver injury.

Chemical Constituents， Pharmacology， and Toxicology of Asari Radix et Rhizoma： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Asari Radix et Rhizoma （AR） is a traditional Chinese medicine with a history of more than 2 000 years of medication and has been included in ancient herbal works in the past dynasties. It is effective in releasing the exterior， dispersing cold， dispelling wind， relieving pain， opening orifices， warming the lung， and resolving fluids， and is still widely used in the clinical treatment of influenza， coronavirus disease-2019 （COVID-19） pneumonia， asthma， allergic rhinitis， eye pain， headache， toothache， oral ulcer， eczema， etc. Modern pharmacological studies have shown that AR has antipyretic， anti-inflammatory， analgesic， antibacterial， antiviral， relieving cough and asthma， anti-allergy， and other effects. AR contains a variety of chemical components， in which essential oil is not only associated with functions such as dispelling cold， relieving heat， relieving pain， and resisting inflammation and allergy， but is also toxic. AR also contains lignans， flavonoids， amides， phenanthrenes， alkaloids， and other non-volatile oil components， which play an important role in immunity regulation， anti-inflammation， pain relief， heart strengthening， and blood vessel expansion. The phenanthrene compounds are mainly aristolochic acid analogues， such as aristolochic acid Ⅳa and aristolochic lactam Ⅰ. Aristolochic acid Ⅳa has been proven to have a significant anti-inflammatory effect. The toxicity of AR is related to safrole， aristolochic acids and their analogues， and is also affected by many factors， such as preparation method， dosage， origin， collection time， medicinal part， and decocting time， which should be comprehensively considered in clinical application. Based on the relevant literature in China and abroad， the present study reviewed the correlation of chemical composition and pharmacological and toxicological effects of AR， and the safety of AR， aristolochic acid， safrole， and other components to provide a new perspective for an objective understanding of AR safety， as well as references for rational clinical application， production risk prevention and control， and drug scientific supervision of AR.

Thought and method of reproductive toxicity research in traditional Chinese medicine / 药学学报

Reproductive toxicity research takes an important place in traditional Chinese medicine pre-clinical safety evaluation. Modern reproductive toxicity experiment includes drug-related miscarriage, fetal death, teratism, and adverse effects on fertility, genital system, embryonic development and fetus, which is different from contraindicated in pregnancy in traditional Chinese medicine theory. Now the three-phases reproductive toxicity study is the method mainly applied in traditional Chinese medicine reproductive toxicity evaluation. Besides that, alternative methods of whole embryos culture and embryonic stem cell test are also used in traditional Chinese medicine embryo toxicity evaluation. This article reviews research progress and pre-clinical evaluation on reproductive toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine.

Methodology for preclinical assay of pseudoallergy of injectable drugs (I)--mouse model for assay of pseudoallergy induced by injections / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop animal models and methodologies for assay of pseudoallergy induced by injectable drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Mouse anaphylactoid reaction model was developed by intravenous injection of test substance solutions containing Evans blue (EB). Scores of ear blue staining and quantitation of ear EB exudation were the parameters for the pseudoallergy reaction.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Mouse anaphylactoid reaction was characterized as vascular hyperpermeability which was detectable in ears by quantitation of blue staining score and EB exudation. Compound 48/80 and histamine caused severe ear bluing and EB exudation by inducing obvious vascular hyperpermeability which indicated that they can induce mouse pseudoallergy. Intravenous injection of either normal saline or 5% glucose injection showed no ear bluing. The mouse pseudoallergy model was validated by intravenous injections of western drugs and Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Mice could be developed into pseudoallergy model for preclinical safety evaluation of injectable drugs. The pseudoallergy reaction in this model is of high clinic consistency, sensitivity, reproducibility, and maneuverability. The model is suitable for the evaluation for pseudoallergy induced by injectable products prepared from Chinese materia medica This model can also be used for safety assay and quality control in manufacturing process, spot checking of marketed products, screening of allergen as well as studying of pseudoallergy mechanism.</p>

Methodology for preclinical assay of pseudoallergy of injectable drugs (II) rat model for assay of cutaneous pseudoallergy induced by injections / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To develop animal models and methodologies for assay of pseudoallergy induced by injectable drugs.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Rats cutaneous anaphylactoid reaction model was developed by intravenous injection of 0. 6% Evans blue(EB) followed by intracutaneous injection of test substance solutions 50 microL. Diameters of subcutaneous blue spots and EB exudation were assayed.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Rat anaphylactoid reaction was characterized as vascular hyperpermeability which was measured by diameters of blue spots inside the skin and the EB exudation of the blue spots. Compound 48/80 caused severe bluing and EB exudation in the skin by inducing obvious vascular hyperpermeability which indicated that it can induce rat skin pseudoallergy. Normal saline or 5% glucose injection showed no obvious reactions. The rat pseudoallergy model was validated by intracutaneous injections of western drug injections and Chinese medicine.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rats could be developed into skin pseudoallergy model for preclinical safety evaluation of injectable drugs. The pseudoallergy reaction in this model is of high clinic consistency, sensitivity, reproducibility, and maneuverability. The model is suitable for the evaluation for pseudoallergy induced by injectable products prepared from Chinese materia medica This model can also be used for safety assay and quality control in manufacturing process, spot checking of marketed products, screening of allergen as well as studying of pseudoallergy mechanism.</p>

Relationship between specific immunocyte and pseudoanaphylactoid reactions induced by Shuanghuanglian injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the relationship between specific immunocyte and pseudoanaphylactoid reactions (PR) induced by Shuanghuanglian injection (SHLI).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>ICR mice, SCID mice and BALB/C athymic mouse were divided into different test groups, the mice were intravenously injected with solutions of different concentration of SHLI, positive control Compound 48/80 and normal sodium. All test substances were mixed with 0. 4% Evans blue. The reaction and vascular permeability of the ears were observed and measured 30 min after SHLI injected.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>SHLI of 300, 600 mg x kg(-1) caused obvious vascular hyperpermeability in ICR mice, but the same dose of SHLI didn't cause vascular hyperpermeability in SCID mice and BALB/C athymic mouse.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SHLI in equivalent and 2 times the clinical dose can cause PR in ICR mice, but the same dose of SHLI can't cause PR in SCID mice and BALB/C athymic mouse, so specific immunocyte maybe take part in the SHLI-induced PR.</p>

Effect of Shaoyao Gancao Tang on function and expression of P-glycoprotein in Caco-2 cells / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effect of Shao Yao-Gan Cao-Tang on function and expression of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) in Caco-2 cells.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>3H-digoxin (Dig), a substrate of P-glycoprotein, was used as a probe to measure the P-gp-mediated drug efflux transport, which indicated the function of P-gp in Caco-2 cells, while Verapamil (Ver) was used as a positive P-gp inhibitor. P-gp expression in Caco-2 cells was tested by immunohistochemistry staining. Inhibition effect of SGT on P-gp-mediated drug efflux transport and P-gp expression were investigated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Dig was shown a positive absorption mode in Caco-2 cell monolayer, characterized as the ratio of apparent permeabilities (Papp) from basolateral side to apical side Papp (BL-->AP) and from apical side to basolateral side Papp (AP-->BL) of Dig was 27.07. Addition of Ver into Dig transport media significantly inhibited P-gp activity which was indicated by increasing the Papp (AP-->BL) of Dig by 3.82 times, whereas Ver had no significant effect on Papp (BL-->AP). SGT (at the concentrations of 1/25 IC5, 1/5 IC5, IC,) could promote Papp (AP-->BL) of Dig by 159.83%, 217.95% ,160.26%. Papp (AP-->BL) of Dig was mildly increased by 59.16%, 50.73% by SGT at 1/25 IC5, 1/5 IC, respectively. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that SGT inhibited the expression of P-gp of Caco-2 cells.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SGT showed the potential inhibition to the function and expression of P-gp, leading to the increase absorption of P-gp's substrates.</p>

Development of gastric precancerous lesion animal model / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a model of gastric precancerous lesion by using Aristolochic manshuriensis which contains aristolochic acids.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: control and three different doses of ethanol extractive of A. manshuriensis (EEA) (corresponding to aristolochic acid I 2.5, 5.0, 10.0 mg x kg(-1)), respectively. EEA was intragastrically given to rats every other day. At the end of the 10th, 15th, 20th week, part of the rats in each group was sacrificed and the stomachs were weighed. The gastric tumor was assessed by the weight and the relative stomach weight to the body weight. The stomachs were fixed in 4% neutral formalin, and the paraffin imbedding tissues were sliced and HE stained. Histomorphology was observed under the light microscope to determine gastric hyperplasia, mucosa precancerosis (atypical hyperplasia) and gastric cancer formation.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The rats treated with different doses of EEA for 10 weeks induced mucosa papillary, epithelioma hyperplasia. Histological observation showed mucosa precancerosis lesions characterized as atypical hyperplasia at the dose levels corresponding to aristolochic acid I 5.0 and 10.0 mg x kg(-1) treated for 10 weeks. The incidence rate of gastric precancerosis in those two groups was 100% at the 15th week. Malignant tumors were observed in most of the animals in 10.0 mg x kg(-1) group. The animals in 5.0 mg x kg(-1) group were well tolerant compared to 10.0 mg x kg(-1) group during the course of experiment, so the dose of aristolochic acid I 5.0 mg x kg(-1) and 10-15 weeks treatment were considered to be optimum to establish the model of gastric precancerosis.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>A rat model of gastric precancerosis can be induced within a short duration by giving an oral administration of the ethanol extract of A. manshuriensis which contains aristolochic acids.</p>

Material and mechanisms for evaluation of Shuanghuanglian injection induced pseudoanaphylactoid reactions / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the substance basis and the mechanism of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions (PR) induced by Shuanghuanglian injection (SHLI).</p><p><b>METHOD</b>(1)The study of PR and the substance basis of PR of SHLI: ICR mice were divided into different test groups, the mice were intravenously injected with solutions of different concentration of SHLI, baicalin, forsythin, caffeotannic acid, positive control Compound 48/80 and normal sodium. All test substances were mixed with 0.4% Evans blue. The reaction and vascular permeability of the ears were observed and measured 30 min after SHLI injection. (2) The study of mechanisms: Mice were pretreated with an oral administration of Astemizol, intraperitoneal injection of cyclophosphamide 75 mg x kg(-1) or Compound 48/80 4 mg x kg(-1), then mice were intravenously injected with SHLI. At last, vascular permeability of the ears in pretreated groups was compared with SHLI treatment alone group.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>SHLI of 300 mg x kg(-1) and 600 mg x kg(-1) caused obvious vascular hyperpermeability, but baicalin, forsythin and caffeotannic didn't cause vascular hyperpermeability in the ears. The Astemizol can decrease the degree of SHLI-induced vascular hyperpermeability of the ears in the mice. After intraperitoneal injected with cyclophosphamide, there was a slight decrease in the degree of SHLI-induced vascular hyperpermeability, but there was no marked changes in the degree of the SHLI-induced vascular hyperpermeability after the mice were pretreated with Compound 48/80.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SHLI in clinic equivalent dose can cause vascular hyperpermeability. Baicalin, forsythin and caffeotannic may not result in the PR of SHLI. The mechanism of the PR maybe relate to that SHLI stimulates histamine release, the activation of leucocyte maybe take part in the SHLI-induced PR, too. Antihistamine drug can prevent the genesis of PR which induced by SHLI.</p>

Drug interactions on P-glycoprotein transport level and its application / 中国中药杂志

Potential drug interactions on P-glycoprotein transport level were discussed in this article. As an efflux transporter protein widely distributed in various tissues, P-glycoprotein plays an important role in many drugs interactions, via affecting the metabolic process to alter the concentration of drug in plasma and tissue. Interactions between herb and western drug may occur by inducing or inhibiting P-glycoprotein, resulting in either efficacy enhancement or adverse effects. So it is important for clinical drug use by rational utilization of the interaction between herb and western drug which medicated by P-glycoprotein.

Research progress of especial toxicity and of pyrrolizidine alkaloids / 中国中药杂志

Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are widely distributed in many plants including medicinal herbs. The hepatotoxicity of PAs has been known academically for a long time, however, their reproductive toxicity, mutagenesis and carcinogenicity have been less researched. This article is an overview of the clinical and experimental reports of the reproductive toxicity, mutagenesis and carcinogenicity of PAs, the effective factors and generating mechanism of the toxicity.

Development of animal model for anaphylactoid test of rodent / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish a simple and feasible method of anaphylactoid test on awaked small animals for screening and assessing anaphylactoid reaction of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) injection with different concentration of tween 80.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Test substances containing 0.4% Evans blue were intravenously injected into mice at volume of 20 mL x kg(-1) or guinea pigs at a volume of 30 mL x kg(-1). The behaviors were observed and the vascular permeability of ears evaluated by the extent of ear blue staining and absorbance of Evans blue extraction of ears were tested at 30 min after injection.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Tween 80 solution, Yuxingcao injection with tween 80, and Shuanghuanglian powder injection obviously increased vascular permeability of ears characterized as ear blue staining and increased absorbance of the Evans blue extract from ears extracted by acetone saline both in mice and in guinea pigs in a concentration-dependent (in the case of tween 80) or a dose-dependent (Shuanghuanglian) manner.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Ear vascular permeability test in mice and guinea pigs can be used as animal models to screen and test anaphylactoid reaction induced by injections.</p>

Content detection of bacterial endotoxin in two kinds of injection by gelatin technique / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To detect content of bacterial endotoxin in Yuxingcao and Qingkailing injections by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique for in order to investigate the feasibility of specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique for detecting bacterial endotoxin in traditional Chinese drug injections.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Different batches of Yuxingcao and Qingkailing injections were detected by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate kits.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Yuxingcao injection could be detected by specific and nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate technique, Whereas Qingkailing injection could be detected only by specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Using specific tachypleus amebocyte lysate as a substitute for nonspecific tachypleus amebocyte lysate is an effective method for detecting content of bacterial endotoxin in Qingkailing injection.</p>

Detection of bacterial endotoxin content in eight kinds of injection by cytokine revulsion / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>By using RAW 264.7 macrophage cell line, we studied the dose-effect relationship of endotoxin induced RAW 264.7 cells to release TNF-alpha, and then detected the content of endotoxin in 8 kinds of injections, so that we can investigate the feasibility and the interference factors of the novel test.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>By using endotoxin of different concentrations to induce RAW 264. 7 cells to release TNF-a, we drew the curve of dose-effect relationship between endotoxin and generated TNF-alpha. Then we detected the content of TNF-alpha in yuxingcao, shuanghuanglian, qingkailing, gegensu, xiangdan, qianrongmei and jiangxianmei injections and shuanghuanglian powder injection, and calculated their content of endotoxin.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The endotoxin could induce the cells to release TNF-alpha in a good dose-dependent manner, even at a very low concentration. In the range of maximum available dilution multiple, the content of endotoxin in the rest 7 kinds of injections was less than 1.0 EU x mL(-1) except qingkailing injection of two batch.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Cytokine revulsion has the advantage of wide detection range, high sensitivity, simple operation, and the detected endotoxin is of bioactivity. This method provides another technical mean for pyrogen test of injections.</p>

Study on embryonic toxicity of Senecio scandens, Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloid from S. scandens in rats / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics of embryonic toxicity of Senecio scandens, its total alkaloid and Qianbai Biyanpian so that to provide guidance for the safety of medication during pregnancy.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Two hundred and twenty pregnant SD rats were divided into 11 groups: control group, positive group (cyclophosphamide 10 mg x kg(-1)). Water extract of S. scandens (doses: 7.5, 15.0, 30.0 g herb of S. scandens per kilogram body weight respectively). Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloid at the same doses levels with the water extract of S. scandens (doses were expressed as herb of S. scandens per kilogram body weight). The test articles were given to the pregnant rats by gavage from day 6 to day 15 of pregnancy. Body weight and the food consumption of pregnancy rats, and fetal weight and length were measured. The number of absorbed and dead embryos was recorded. Fetuses were examined in viscus and bones.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Weight and the food consumption of pregnancy rats in high-dose of Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloids decreased. All treatment groups had no significant change in the number of absorbed embryos, but the stillbirths were significantly increased in high-dose groups of water extract and total alkaloids as compared with control group. Bone deformities such as fontanel expanding, hypoplasia of parietal bone, occipital bone and cervical arch were observed. Rib abnormality could also be seen in some rats. All water extract of S. scandens, Qianbai Biyanpian and total alkaloid could cause the bone abnormalities, but the percentage of bone deformities of total alkaloids was the highest (up to 80%).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>S. scandens and its total alkaloids, its formula Qianbai Biyanpian can cause rat skeletal deformities in fetuses when they were given during pregnancy. It is suggested that S. scandens and the product containing S. scandens should not be used during pregnancy.</p>

Research progress of whole embryo culture tool and its application / 中国中药杂志

Whole embryo culture (WEC) is an experimental tool, which is made use of embryos in vitro to replace whole animals to investigate the growth and development of early organs, the embryo toxicity of chemical materials and the mechanism of the occurrence of embryo toxicity. Compared with experiment with whole animals, WEC could reduce the number of experimental animals, shorten experimental time, decrease experimental expenses, eliminate disturbing factors and control dosage more exactly. So it is generally received that WEC tool is a good experimental method to match the principles of replacement, reduction, refinement and responsibility. This article is a review of the WEC tool of rat and mouse, including the development of this tool, announcements, and the application in the development of organs, the embryo toxicity of environmental pollution and heavy metal, safety evaluation of medicine and the embryo toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine and its mechanism. There is also a discussion of the application of this tool in the investigation of the embryo toxicity of traditional Chinese medicine.

Material and mechanisms induced pseudo allergic reactions of Yuxingcao injection / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristics, sensitizin and the mechanism of pseudo allergic reaction induced by Yuxingcao injection.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Beagle dogs were randomly assigned to control group, 0.5% tween 80 group, Yuxingcao injection without tween 80 group, Yuxingcao injection included 0.5% tween 80 group. The animals in control group were intravenously injected with saline. The other group were intravenously injected with the corresponding test substances. Observe pseudo anaphylaxis of Beagle dogs within 30 min after administration. Blood pressure and respiration rate of Beagle dogs were measured before and after injection drugs 10 min and 30 min respectively. The pseudo allergic reactions were scored at same time points, and the sera of animals were collected to determine the HIS, CH50 and C5b-9 concentration using ELISA.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The scores of allergic reaction in 0.5% tween 80 group and Yuxingcao injection included 0.5% tween 80 group was evidently higher than that in control group in 2-5 min after administration. Animals of above two groups showed the symptoms of red swelling on ear part, pruritus, throwing the head, nausea, lapping the tongue, dysphoria and bradykinesia. Some of them had behaved with repose, urination, defecation, cyanosis, the frequency of breathes accelerating and blood pressure decreasing. The rate of pseudo allergic reactions was 100%. Serum CH50 concentration of 0.5% tween 80 group decreased 10 min after injection, while C5b-9 concentration increased. No obvious differences were observed 30 min after injection. There was no significant difference in HIS concentration between control group and treatment groups.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The pseudo allergic reactions appeared after intravenous 0.5% tween 80 and Yuxingcao injection when mixed with tween 80. Furthermore, Yuxingcao injection without tween 80 did not induce pseudo allergic reactions. It was suggested that the pseudo allergic reactions of Yu Xing Cao Injection was related to the cosolvent tween 80. The pseudo allergic reactions of tween 80 may relate to the activation of complement.</p>

Pseudoanaphylactoid reaction analysis of Chinese herbal injections in Beagle dogs / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the preclinical evaluation method of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions for Chinese herbal injections.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Beagle dogs were divided into control group (C), 0.5% tween 80 group (T), Yuxincao injection containing 0.5% tween 80 (YT), distilled solution from Yuxincao (Y). Various groups of Beagle dogs were given 3 mL x kg(-1) of the test articles intravenously. The anaphylactoid reactions were observed immediately, while blood pressure, respiratory frequencies and heart rates were tested at 10 min and 30 min after administration.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>A variety of symptoms that range from cutaneous and mucosa signs to bronchospasma and cardiovascular collapse, including angioedema at lip, conjunctiva, ear and circumoral skin, somnolence, lethargy, breathless or dyspnea, severe hypotension etc were observed in T and TY groups from immediately post-injection to at least 30 min after administration. These reactions occurred at both first injection or repeated injections at 24 weeks intervals, manifesting that it was pseudoanaphylactoid reaction mediated by non-immune mechanisms.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Beagle dogs could be used as an animal model for preclinical evaluation of pseudoanaphylactoid reactions of Chinese herbal injection with sensitivity, reproducibility, and high clinic consistency.</p>

Study on IgG promoter as probe to evaluate safety of injections in pre-clinic / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To construct an effective system screening and evaluating possible injections and components inducing allergy type II.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Transfect IgG promoter-regulated green fluorescent protein expressing plasmid into RPMI-8226 cell. The number of fluorescent cells after drug treatment was calculated and statistically evaluated.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Tween 80 can suppress the expression of IgG effectively, and puerarin has activity of stimulating IgG expression, and the system has no response to KCl-treatment. No effect of Yuxingcao (Herba Houttuyniae) injection on this system is observed.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>IgG promoter-drove green fluorescent protein expressing cell line can be used as system screening injections and components inducing allergy type II based on stimulating IgG promoter activity. Tween 80 can suppress the expression of IgG at the transcriptional level. Four batches of Yuxingcao injection cannot induce allergy type II by activating IgG expression.</p>