RESUMEN
Wide-spread visualization methods which are computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are not sensitive to mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). However, mTBI may cause changes of cerebral microstructure that could be found using diffusion-tensor imaging. The aim of this study is to reveal the impact of acute mTBI (no more than 3 days after trauma) on diffusion parameters in corpus callosum, corticospinal tract, and thalamus in children (aged 14-18). Fractional anisotropy (FA) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were analyzed. Significant increase in FA and decrease in ADC were observed in thalamus. The trend to an increase in FA is observed in corpus callosum.
Asunto(s)
Conmoción Encefálica/diagnóstico por imagen , Cuerpo Calloso/diagnóstico por imagen , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/tendencias , Tálamo/diagnóstico por imagen , Agua , Adolescente , Anisotropía , Conmoción Encefálica/metabolismo , Niño , Cuerpo Calloso/metabolismo , Difusión , Imagen de Difusión Tensora/métodos , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Tálamo/metabolismo , Agua/metabolismoRESUMEN
Diffusion parameters of brain tracts (n=18) were studied in 27 men with ultra-high risk of endogenous attack-like psychoses and 27 mentally healthy men of the same age group (fractional anisotropy; and average, radial, and axial diffusion). Correlation analysis was performed between these parameters and severity of mental disorders (SOPS scale). The indexes of radial diffusion and axial diffusion were shown to change in the left anterior thalamic radiation and right posterior cingulum bundle, respectively. Our results are consistent with published data that disturbances in the frontal and temporal lobes play an important role in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. The degree of mental disorders correlated with diffusion parameters in the left and right anterior cingulum bundle.
Asunto(s)
Cuerpo Calloso/patología , Lóbulo Frontal/patología , Trastornos Psicóticos/patología , Esquizofrenia/patología , Lóbulo Temporal/patología , Sustancia Blanca/patología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anisotropía , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cuerpo Calloso/fisiopatología , Imagen de Difusión por Resonancia Magnética , Lóbulo Frontal/fisiopatología , Humanos , Masculino , Trastornos Psicóticos/diagnóstico , Trastornos Psicóticos/fisiopatología , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico , Esquizofrenia/fisiopatología , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , Lóbulo Temporal/fisiopatología , Tálamo/patología , Tálamo/fisiopatología , Sustancia Blanca/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
The MEGA-PRESS pulse sequence was used for determination of overlapping signals in the (1)H-MRS spectra of the human brain. For the first time, the balance of GABA glutamate/glutamine concentrations was estimated quantitatively in the human brain of patients with ultra-high risk of schizophrenia. It was found that GABA concentration and GABA/GLX ratios were significantly reduced in the left frontal lobe of UHR subjects.
Asunto(s)
Lóbulo Frontal/metabolismo , Ácido Glutámico/metabolismo , Glutamina/metabolismo , Espectroscopía de Protones por Resonancia Magnética/métodos , Esquizofrenia/metabolismo , Ácido gamma-Aminobutírico/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Creatina/metabolismo , Lóbulo Frontal/diagnóstico por imagen , Lateralidad Funcional , Humanos , Masculino , Síntomas Prodrómicos , Riesgo , Esquizofrenia/diagnóstico por imagen , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Functional and structural brain abnormalities in people at high risk for psychosis is a subject of intensive studies in biological psychiatry over the last decades. We studied correlations between neurophysiological and neuroimaging parameters in ultra-high risk patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Fifty-six patients, aged 17-25 years, with nonpsychotic mental disorders were examined. The control group included 30 age- and sex-matched healthy people. Neurophysiological study measured sensory gating. Proton MR-spectroscopy was used to study metabolic processes in the brain (index for glutamate/glutamine, N-acetylaspartate and choline containing compounds in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and thalamus of both hemispheres as well as in the genu and splenium of the corpus callosum). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: We found the abnormality of sensory gating in patients at ultra-high risk for endogenous psychosis that was not correlated with the metabolic parameters. The latter were normal or were normalized during treatment.