RESUMEN
The Romani cultural minority living in Spain has cultural values and beliefs, religious/spiritual expressions and a particular vision of death. The relationship between these aspects and health is unknown. A sample of 150 people responded to a socio-demographic questionnaire and well-being measures of religious/spiritual experience, paranormal beliefs and fear of death. Age, a negative sense of life, fear of the death of others, being a woman and having low paranormal beliefs have a negative impact on health. Results allow for extending the relationships found in the general population to the Romani population as well. The novelty is that, in the latter, paranormal beliefs protect against disease. Additionally, fear of the death of others damages health more than fear of one's own death. These results make sense in the context of the Romani culture and religion.
Asunto(s)
Actitud Frente a la Muerte/etnología , Características Culturales , Estado de Salud , Religión y Psicología , Romaní/psicología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Emigrantes e Inmigrantes/psicología , Miedo/psicología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Grupos Minoritarios/psicología , Factores Sexuales , Factores Socioeconómicos , España , EspiritualidadRESUMEN
Objetivo: brindar orientación sobre las conductas terapéuticas farmacológicas, psicoterapéuticas y otras que se deben instaurar en pacientes con enfermedad cardiaca y trastornos psicoemocionales que le preceden o son consecuencia de ella. Método: se exponen las consideraciones básicas del tratamiento, los fundamentos generales de las psicoterapias que deben emplearse y una breve descripción de cada una de ellas y de las técnicas que se deben instaurar en este tipo de pacientes. Se termina con las recomendaciones farmacológicas, donde se incluyen guías de formulación, riesgos de eventos adversos de psicofármacos, dosis y seguridad de los antidepresivos, ansiolíticos y moduladores del afecto. Resultados: se introduce a consideraciones terapéuticas generales que se deben tener presentes en el paciente con cardiopatía deprimido, ansioso o estresado. Se determinan las actividades que deben ser promovidas para un estilo de vida saludable que disminuya los riesgos de cardiopatías, depresión, ansiedad y estrés. Conclusiones: la consideración de tratamientos psicoterapéuticos, de diferentes modalidades, es prioritaria para disminuir los riesgos y el agravamiento de los padecimientos.
Objective: To provide an orientation on pharmacological therapeutic conducts, psychotherapy and others which should be implemented in patients with cardiovascular disease and psychological and emotional disorders that precede or appear as a consequence of them. Method: This review exposes basic treatment considerations, general basis on psychotherapy with a brief description of each of them and the techniques that should be implemented in these types of patients. Pharmacological recommendations including guides for prescription, psychiatric pharmacological agents risk of adverse effects, dosage and security profile of antidepressants, anxiolytics and mood stabilizers are addressed. Results: This paper reviews the general therapeutical considerations that should be considered in a cardiac disease patient with depression, anxiety or stress. Lifestyle modifications and healthy habits currently recommended to decrease the risk of cardiopathy, depression, anxiety and stress are determined. Conclusions: in order to reduce risks and worsening of illness a priority should be made in regards to psychotherapeutic treatments in their different modalities.
RESUMEN
El artículo permite concebir la relación entre la enfermedad cardiaca y los estados psicoemocionales que le preceden o son consecuencia de ella. La introducción nos brinda datos estadísticos de diversos estudios clínicos y epidemiológicos que relacionan las enfermedades cardiacas con trastornos depresivos o ansiosos, estrés y el tipo de personalidad. La segunda parte se refiere, primero, a los aspectos clínicos psicoemocionales básicos, cuyos impactos biológicos se constituyen en factores de riesgo de enfermedad cardiaca, y, segundo, a los procesos inherentes a las cardiopatías, que a su vez determinan la aparición de depresión y ansiedad. Se analizan los aspectos básicos de la personalidad Tipo A y su relación con las cardiopatías; así mismo, la cascada biológica desencadenada por el estrés que predispone a alteraciones cardiacas. Finalmente, se exponen unas breves conclusiones y recomendaciones, así como de la bibliografía consultada.
Recent studies provide clear evidence that psychosocial factors contribute significantly to the pathogenesis and expression of coronary disease. This evidence is composed largely of data relating cardiac disease risk to 5 specific psychosocial domains: (1) depression, (2) anxiety, (3) personality factors and character traits, (4) social isolation and (5) chronic and acute life stress. Pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between these entities can be due to a excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, endothelial dysfunction, immunological and hematological abnormalities. In this review, we examine new epidemiologic evidence for the association between psychosocial risk factors and cardiac disease, identify pathologic mechanisms that may be responsible, and describe a paradigm for studying positive psychologic factors that may act as a buffer; also we review new approaches to improve the delivery of behavioral services and patient compliance. These are part of an emerging field of behavioral cardiology, which is based on the understanding that psychosocial and behavioral risk factors for cardiac disease, are not only highly interrelated, but also require team work between the cardiologist and the psychiatrist.