[To 20-years anniversary of Chernobyl catastrophe: an attempt to study the vitamin, calcium, iron and selenium status of children and adult population in Slavutich and to correct elicited deficiencies].

The article concisely illustrates the vitamin and mineral state of population of town of Slavutich, including personal of Chernobyl Nuclear Power Station, children of pre-school age and pregnancy women, studied in 1992. Vitamins and minerals deficiency in the main of C and B vitamins and selenium was revealed in all the studied groups. Appropriate measures were developed and introduced to eliminate the detected dusturbances; but however some unsolved problems remained. Taking into account the forthcoming 20th anniversary of Chernobyl disarter, the authors of the come back to considering the obtained data in hope to atlract attention of medical scientific and public to the remained unsolved problems of micronutrient deficiency.

[Evaluation of the stability of pertussis vaccine OCO-3 standard]. / Otsenka stabil'nosti standarta kokliushnoi vaktsiny OCO-3.

The evaluation of the immunogenic activity and residual toxicity of the National Standard of pertussis vaccine (OCO-3) was carried out. As shown by observations lasting for a period of 25 years, the preparation possesses stable immunogenicity and its toxicity remained unchanged, which makes it possible to use OCO-3 for the routine control of the pertussis component of commercial lots of adsorbed DPT vaccine.

[Model of nutritional iron deficiency anemia in rats]. / Model' alimentarnoi zhelezodefitsitnoi anemii u krys.

Model of alimentary iron deficiency anemia (AIDA) in rats has been created by the use of iron elimination from all diet components as much as possible. It was established that the time of AIDA development depended on iron content in diet. The model can be used for estimation of efficiency of new food products and food supplements enriched with iron.

[Vitamin and mineral status of the population living in the Sverdlovsk region]. / Obespechennost' vitaminami i nekotorymi mineral'nymi élementami naseleniia Sverdlovskoi oblasti.

It was found that low nutritional status for vitamin C, B2, beta-carotene, selenium and calcium are most prominent nutritional problem for population of Sverdlovskaja region of Russia. Level of calcium in serum was low in 50% of examined population. The results suggest the necessity of dietary intake and food contamination assessments for this population.

[Selenium status of the inhabitants in the Kaluga region]. / Obespechennost' selenom zhitelei Kaluzhskoi oblasti.

The human Se status of 8 areas of Kaluga region was studied. The mean serum Se levels 94 mg/l was significantly lower in the south compared to the northern area 126 mg/l. Areas with radioactive pollution possessed higher percentage of persons with low serum Se concentration than in regions without the pollution. Negative influence of radiation on serum Se level was confirmed also by epidemiological data for workers of Chernobil NNP (65 mg/l-workers attending to the reactor and 69 mg/l-for other employees). The same phenomenon was observed for males of Tula region who had taken part in the liquidation of an accident on the Chernobil NNP compared to other inhabitants of Tula region (78 mg/l and 89 mg/l correspondingly). The lowest antioxidant status (serum vitamin E, C and Se concentrations) in towns of Kaluga region with radioactive pollution possessed males of less than 60 years old.

[Comparative biochemical evaluation of riboflavin body status]. / Sravnitelnaia otsenka riboflavinovogo statusa organizma s pomoshchíu razlichnykh biokhimicheskikh metodov.

The correlation's between the parameters used as biochemical criteria of vitamin B2 provision were studied in rats fed with riboflavin-enriched diets. Based on riboflavin-binding apoprotein, highly specific assays of riboflavin in tissues, blood and urine revealed close correlation between levels of the vitamin in plasma, red cells, the activity of erythrocytic glutathione reductase, PAD-effect, B2 diet intake, its content in the liver as well as between any of the above parameters in couple. This supports adequacy and interchangeability of the parameters studied which makes it possible to use any of them for detecting vitamin B2 deficiency and relevant vitamin status of the body.

[Experimental evaluation of the effectiveness of vitamin-enriched chopped meat products]. / Eksperimental'naia otsenka éffektivnosti vitaminizirovannykh miasnykh rublenykh izdelii.

The ration devoid of vitamins B1 and B2 and niacin, given to growing rats during 4-10 weeks led to growth cessation, a decrease in body mass and the development of vitamin deficiency that was expressed in a drastic lowering of red blood cell transketolase activity, and to increased effects of TDF and FAD. Inclusion into the animals' ration of cutlets enriched with vitamins B1, B2, C and niacin completely normalized their growth and biochemical parameters of their providing with vitamins B1 and B2. Routine cutlets were less effective. The feeding of rats with vitamin-enriched cutlets during 10 weeks did not induce any histological or histochemical disorders in their internal organs.

[Comparative study of the toxicity of 1 alpha-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 24,25 (RS)-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in rats]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie toksichnosti 1 al'fa-oksivitimina D3 i 24,25 (RS)-dioksivitamina D3 u krys.

The toxic effects of 1 alpha (OH)D3 and 24,25 (OH)2D3 administered in doses of 0.25, 2.5 and 25 micrograms per animal a day were compared in rats weighing initially 230-260 g and fed an artificial diet containing 0.65 and 0.50% of Ca and P, respectively. After 5 days of administering different doses of 1 alpha (OH) D3 hypercalcemia and hyperphosphatemia developed whatever the dose, the animals' weight and density of the osseous tissue dropped starting with a dose of 2.5 micrograms, together with a high death rate and Ca accumulation by soft tissues at a dose of 25 micrograms per animal. Unlike 1 alpha (OH)D3, 24,25 (OH)2D3 did not exert any hypercalcemic or hyperphosphatemic action when given in a high dose (25 micrograms). On the contrary, it promote the decrease of the Ca and P blood levels. 24,25 (OH)2D3 did not bring about Ca accumulation by the organs or reduction of the osseous tissue density whatever the dose applied. In addition, the metabolite administered in a dose of 25 micrograms arrested the animals' growth. Thus, when given in comparable doses (the physiologic requirement of 1 alpha (OH)D3 and 24,25 (OH)2D3 for rats are 0.025 and 0.25 micrograms/day, respectively), 24,25 (OH)2D3 was at least one order of magnitude less active as regards its capacity to increase the Ca and P blood levels and to resorb the osseous tissue. The data obtained and the inhibitory effect on the growth of the 100-fold dose of 24,25 (OH)2D3 point to the feasibility of the short-term use of the metabolite in doses that do not exceed more than 10-fold the physiologic dose.

[Effect of 24,25-dioxycholecalciferol on calcium-phosphorus metabolism and bone tissue in rats with experimental renal failure]. / Vliianie 24,25-dioksikholekal'tsiferola na kal'tsii-fosfornyi obmen i kostnuiu tkan' pri eksperimental'noi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti u krys.

Experimental chronic renal failure (CRF) in rats gave rise to azotemia, hyperphosphatemia, reduction in the proportion of the diaphyses, decrease in them of calcium, phosphorus and hydroxyproline, and to the lowering of the calcium content in the epiphyses. Administration to the animals of 0.025 microgram of 1,25-dioxycholecalciferol (1,25(OH)2D3) a day did not make the indicators under consideration return to normal. At the same time 1,25(OH)2D3 enhanced the degree of hyperphosphatemia and demineralization of the epiphyses, provoked moderate hypercalcemia and dramatically enhanced calcinosis in the aorta and in the remainder of the kidney. Administration of 24,25-dioxycholecalciferol (24,25(OH)2D3) in a dose of 0.25 microgram made the majority of the indicators return to normal, increasing the proportion of the diaphyses and the content in them of calcium and phosphorus, reducing the blood phosphorus content and the degree of azotemia. Furthermore, 24,25(OH)2D3 raised the collagen content in the diaphyses and epiphyses. A higher dose of 24,25(OH)2D3 (1.25 microgram) did not appear more effective. In none the doses applied, 24,25(OH)2D3 produced hypercalcemia or calcinosis. Combination of 1,25(OH)2D3 in a dose of 0,025 microgram and 24,25(OH)2D3 in a dose of 1,25 microgram slightly reduced the hypercalcemic, hyperphosphatemic and calcinosis-inducing effects of 1,25(OH)2D3, completely prevented osteoporotic alterations in the diaphyses, but enhanced the demineralization in the epiphyses, which may point to the advisability of reducing the doses of these metabolites on combined use. The data obtained indicate that 24,25(OH)2D3 is a more effective and safer agent for correcting the disturbances of the phosphorus-calcium metabolism and osseous lesions in CRF than 1,25(OH)2D3.

[Comparative evaluation of biological activity of 1 alpha,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and 24,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol in rats]. / Sravnitel'noe izuchenie biologicheskoi aktivnosti 1 alpha,25-dioksikholekal'tsiferola i 24,25-dioksikholekal'tsiferola u krys.

Deficiency of vitamin D in rats led to impairment of Ca2+ absorption in intestine, hypocalcemia, decrease in specific weight of femur diaphyses, decrease in content of Ca2+ and in the ratio Ca2+/hydroxyproline in diaphyses and epiphyses. These patterns were normalized after daily administration of cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) at a dose of 500 ng (20 IU) into rats within 5 days. I alpha, 25-dihydroxycalciferol at a daily dose of 30 ng stimulated absorption of Ca2+ in intestine, increased the specific weight of diaphyses and content of Ca2+ in diaphysis, but content of Ca2+ in blood and epiphyses was not normalized. Increase in 1,25 (OH)2D3 dose up to 300 ng caused a decrease in the rate of mineralization of diaphyses and epiphyses with simultaneous elevation of the Ca2+ content in blood. 24, 25-dihydroxycalciferol at a dose of 250 ng stimulated effectively both diaphyses and epiphyses mineralization, at the same time the effect was also maintained after 10-fold increase of the dose.

[Effect of 1 alpha-hydroxycholecalciferol and of a varying phosphorus requirement on mineral metabolism in chronic renal insufficiency]. / Vliianie 1 al'fa-oksikholekal'tsiferola i razlichnogo potrebleniia fosfora na mineral'nyi obmen pri khronichskoi pochechnoi nedostatochnosti.

Experimental chronic kidney insufficiency caused in rats the impairments of phosphoerus-calcium turnover (hyperphosphatemia and hypocalcemia), osteoporotic alterations in bones (decreas in specific gravity, in content of Ca, P and hydroxyproline) as well as calcinosis of internal tissues, particularly in the impaired kidney tissue. Decrease in phosphorus content of food down to 0.3% inhibited distinctly the development of these impairments and modulated their severity, lowering mortality of the animals with chronic kidney insufficienty. Administration of physiologic doses (0.025 mg) of 1 alpha-hydroxy vitamin D3/(1 alpha OHD3) which is a synthetic analogue of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol (hormonal form of vitamin D synthesized in kidney) into rats with chronic kidney insufficiency (with limited content of phosphorus in the food) did not exhibit any additional curative effect on the patterns of bone metabolism studied; in this case calcinosis was slightly increased and mortality of the animals also increased. After administration of 1 alpha OHD3 into rats with chronic kidney insufficiency, maintained on food containing 1.2% of phosphorus, impairments in phosphorus-calcium turnover were distinctly increased. Osteoporosis and calcinosis were elevated in the impared kidney; this led to death of all the animals within first 2 months of the experiments.

[Experimental vitamin D deficiency with different dietary calcium-phosphorus ratios]. / Eksperimental'naia nedostatochnost' vitamina D pri razlichnom sootnoshenii kal'tsiia i fosfora v ratsione.

Excess of phosphorus (the ratio Ca : P = 1 : 2) in a diet of growing rats strengthened such manifestations of vitamin D insufficiency as hypercalcemia and inhibition of animal growth. The data obtained suggest that excess of phosphorus is apparently important for pathogenesis of rachitis and the optimal ratio Ca : P should not be ignored in child diet.