[Effect of plant extracts on cytotoxic activity of Vibrio cholerae hemolysin].

AIM: Study of plant extracts that have the ability to neutralize cytotoxic activity of hemolysin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preparations of purified and recombinant V. cholerae eltor hemolysin as well as supernatants of V. cholerae strains were used. Determination ofcytotoxic activity of hemolysin and neutralizing activity of plant extracts were carried out by using cell cultures CHO-K1 and CaCo2. RESULTS: Out of 9 water extracts only 3 - extracts of Rhei rhizome, Limonium gmelinii and Quercus robur neutralized hemolysin in cell culture CHO-K1 and CaCo2, whereas the other extracts--Humulus lupulus, Ocimum basilicum, Chelidonium majus, Juglans regia, Achillea milefolium and Hypericum perforatum did not have anti-cytotoxic effect. Neutralizing properties of extracts are exhibited during their co-incubation with hemolysin preparations and supernatants of V. cholerae strains already within 10 minutes. CONCLUSION: Plant extracts that have anti-cytotoxic activity against hemolysin are perspective for development oftherapeutic-prophylaxis preparations.

[Influence of plant extracts on the activity of cholera toxin of Vibrio cholerae].

AIM: Study the activity of plant extracts against cholera toxin (CT) of Vibrio cholerae O1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Antitoxic activity of plant extracts was determined by using enzyme immunoassay and CHO-K1 cell culture. RESULTS: 8 water extracts of plants were studied. Extracts of nut, tutsan, milfoil, basil do not have effect on CT activity in EIA or CHO-K1 cell culture. Celandine and rhubarb extracts do not reduce CT immunochemical activity but prevent elongation of CHO-K1 cells. Oak and hop extracts suppress binding in EIA of cholera toxin and GM1 receptors and insignificantly reduce its activity in cell culture. CONCLUSION: Antitoxic activityofplant extracts against CT is perspective for the development of preparations possessing inhibition effect.

[Clinical aspects of autologous blood donation in cardiosurgery].

The paper presents auto donation protocols and a procedure for autodonor plasmapheresis used in cardiosurgical patients, complications, and their preventive measures on the basis of an analysis of 308 autodonor plasmapheresis procedures performed at the Russian Surgery Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, in 2007. The preoperative autoblood preservation safety concept envisaging the safety of autodonors during blood donation, the correct storage and issue of autocomponents, and the prevention of adverse reactions to blood exfusion in patients was introduced. The rate of the reactions was 6.4% of the total number of auto donations in cardiosurgical high-risk patients, moderate reaction being most common. The findings indicated that exfusion of 450 ml of blood without previous infusion of plasma substitutes was a cause of collaptoid reactions in 14 cases of the collapse-complicated procedures of autodonor plasmapheresis in cardiosurgical patients (in 70% of the total number of complications). No association was found between of the frequency and severity of complications and the nosological entity, age, and body mass index; however, a further retrospective analysis of 1500 fresh frozen autoblood preservation procedures that have recently made at the Russian Surgery Research Center, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, is required to have statistically significant data.

[Ways of reducing donor blood components during reconstructive surgery of the heart valves under extracorporeal circulation].

Blood loss and transfusion tactics were analyzed in 131 patients who had undergone correction of one, two, and three cardiac valves under general balanced anesthesia and extracorporeal circulation. The volume of intraoperative blood loss was 869+/-298 ml with the range of 700 to 2000 ml. Packed red cells (PRC) were transfused to 9% of patients; fresh frozen plasma (FFP) in 10%, PRC and FFP were transfused to 17% patients. Donor blood was not used in 63.5% of patients in order to save the patient's blood. It comprised the preoperative storage of autologous plasma in a quantity of 300-700 ml, the modified intraoperative reservation of autologous blood in a volume of 400-1200 ml, and, in 70% of patients, the use of washed autologous red blood cells. The hemostasis protocol included the use of epsilon-aminocapronic acid, aprotinin (trasilol) not more than 2,000,000 KUE, and packed platelets. For adequate heparin neutralization, after administration of the calculated dose of protamine, it was long administered in a dose of 25 mg/hour for 4-5 hours. The developed and introduced comprehensive program for the patient's blood maintenance and blood loss diminution made it possible to avoid transfusing PRC and FFP in more than 60% of patients with a blood loss volume of as high as 1500 ml; and to maintain adequate oxygen balance and hemostasis in the remaining patients.

Immune response modulation by recombinant peptides expressed in virus-like particles.

Aspergillus fumigatus, a ubiquitous fungus, is implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of clinically different allergic diseases in man, including allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis. Peptide-based immunotherapy may offer an alternative treatment strategy for the management of allergic disease. The objective of this study was to alter the allergen-specific immune response using dominant T cell epitopes of a major A. fumigatus allergen, Asp f2, expressed in yeast as virus-like particles (VLP). The T cell epitopes of Asp f2, recognized in mice with an H-2d background, were determined by producing T-cell hybridomas. Two dominant T cell epitopes, aa60--71 and aa235--249, were identified and expressed in a yeast VLP system. To induce tolerance VLP-peptides were injected subcutaneously into mice previously immunized with recombinant Asp f2. The T cell immune response was abrogated totally in 3 weeks following a single injection of VLP but was restored 2 months later following intranasal antigen exposure. T-cell depletion resulted in the reduction of 20-30% of all antigen-specific immunoglobulin classes. Thus, recombinant peptides expressed in the VLP system can be used successfully in the modulation of Asp f2-induced immune response in mice, although a single administration is not sufficient to maintain a state of tolerance for a long period of time.

[A comparison of different methods for quantum hemotherapy in treating complicated forms of acute cholecystitis in middle-aged and elderly patients]. / Sravnenie razlichnykh metodov kvantovoi gemoterapii pri lechenii oslozhnennykh form ostrogo kholetsistita u bol'nykh pozhilogo i starcheskogo vozrasta.

Quantum hemotherapy (QH) was used in complex treatment of elderly and senile patients operated upon for complicated forms of acute cholecystitis. Under examination there were 75 patients. Transfusion of UV irradiated donor plasma was found to be most effective of the QH methods used by us in the complex treatment of acute cholecystitis in elderly and senile patients.

[Homeostatic responses of the body during infusion of UV-irradiated autologous plasma]. / Gomeostaticheskie reaktsii organizma pri infuzii UF-obluchennoi autoplazmy.

Complex examination of changes in some structural and metabolic values in intact dogs after a single infusion of autoplasma irradiated with ultraviolet rays suggests that mobilization of the system of antioxidant protection, inducing a specific reorganisation of the metabolic system, is the trigger mechanism of the organism's adaptation reaction.

[The effect of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta on the repopulation of bone-marrow colony-forming cells in mice subjected to the action of radiation and burns]. / Vliianie rekombinantnogo interlekina-1 beta cheloveka na repopuliatsiiu kostnomozgovykh kolonieobrazuiushchikh kletok u myshei, podvergnutykh deistviiu radiatsii i ozhoga.

The radioprotective and restorative (therapeutic) effects of human recombinant interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) on the population of bone marrow CFU-S of mice, subjected to either sublethal doses of ionising irradiation itself or the same irradiation in combination with thermal burn, are investigated. Both the effects of the agent are registered under both in vitro and in vivo irradiation in semi-, syn- and allogeneic animals. If the irradiation was combined with thermal burn, the "therapeutic" effect of the agent was demonstrated at irradiation dose equal to 3.06 Gy rather than to 6.12 Gy. If the bone marrow cells were irradiated in vitro in dose 3.06 Gy with the following heat shock at 42 degrees C for 10-20 min, the "therapeutic" effect of IL-1 beta was seen only if it was added to cells before rather than after irradiation. The radioprotective effect of IL-1 beta is maintained under in vitro, as well as in vivo conditions in the allogeneic system of transplantation of the CBA donor bone marrow to the C57BL mice.

[A method of reinfusing ultraviolet-irradiated autoblood in combined modality intensive therapy of pyo-inflammatory diseases in premature infants]. / Metod reinfuzii ul'trafioletovo obluchennoi sobstvennoi krovi v komplekse intensivnoi terapii gnoino-vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii u nedoshennykh detei.

The method of UV-irradiated autoblood reinfusion was used in intensive care of 25 premature babies with pyoinflammatory diseases. On the second day after reinfusion 17 babies showed an improvement of infectious intoxication, decreased level of antigenemia, liquor purification, leukocyte blood count normalization and decreased levels of total bilirubin, residual nitrogen and urea. Within 5 days after the reinfusion the activation of antioxidant blood system and reparative processes was observed. No complications were noted. The effect was not achieved in 8 babies, 6 of which died.

[Effect of lithium chloride on bioelectric activity of the cortex and various subcortical structures of rabbit brain]. / Vliianie khlorida litiia na bioelektricheskuiu aktivnost' kory i nekotorykh podkorkovykh struktur mozga krolika

In a dose of 100 mg/kg and with intravenous administration to rabbits lithium chloride produces a depressing influence on the spontaneous bioelectric activity of the cerebral cortex and its subcortical formations, which extends from the cortex to subcortical structures. The compound brings down the electric excitability of the hippocampus, caudate nucleus, tonsils, reticular formation of the mesensephalic segment and of the thalamus, while in a dose of 300 mg/kg it increases the excitability of the motor cortex. No correlation between the lithium chloride induced electroencephalographic changes in the cerebral structures, on the one hand, and the content therein of biogenic amines and accumulation of lithium ions, on the other, was revealed.