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1.
Medicine (Baltimore) ; 100(29): e26661, 2021 Jul 23.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34398026

RESUMEN

ABSTRACT: Vitamin D deficiency is a worldwide public health problem. Low vitamin D and its consequences among children and adolescents could be considered as one of the most important health-related problems. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in healthy Egyptian adolescents and investigate factors associated with vitamin D status.A cross-sectional study was conducted on 572 school children (270 males and 302 females) aged 14 to 18 years, who were randomly selected from high schools in one governorate in Egypt. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Vitamin D level, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphates were measured.Vitamin D deficiency was almost present in all the studied Egyptian healthy adolescents (99%), 94.8% had vitamin D deficiency and 4.2% had vitamin D insufficiency. Girls had a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency than boys. There was a significant association between lack of physical activity, sun exposure, and vitamin D deficiency.Vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency are highly prevalent. In sunny countries, the special pattern of conservative clothing and the lack of outdoor physical activity might be the underlying factors for the high prevalence in females. Vitamin D supplementation seems to be mandatory to halt the problem.


Asunto(s)
Deficiencia de Vitamina D/epidemiología , Adolescente , Servicios de Salud del Adolescente , Estudios Transversales , Egipto/epidemiología , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Estudiantes , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/sangre , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/etiología
2.
Int J Nanomedicine ; 13: 307-318, 2018.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29391791

RESUMEN

PURPOSE: Herbal supplements are currently available as a safer alternative to manage obesity, which has become a rising problem over the recent years. Many chemical drugs on the market are designed to prevent or manage obesity but high cost, low efficacy, and multiple side effects limit its use. Nano lipo-vesicles phytosomal thermogel of Soybean, Glycine max (L.) Merrill, was formulated and evaluated in an attempt to investigate its anti-obesity action on body weight gain, adipose tissue size, and lipid profile data. METHODS: Three different techniques were used to prepare phytosome formulations including solvent evaporation, cosolvency, and salting out. The optimized phytosome formulation was then selected using Design Expert® (version 7.0.0) depending on the highest entrapment efficiency, minimum particle size (PS), and maximum drug release within 2 hours as responses for further evaluation. The successful phytosome complex formation was investigated by means of Fourier-transform infrared spec troscopy and determination of PS and zeta potential. Phytosome vesicles' shape was evaluated using transmission electron microscope to ensure its spherical shape. After characterization of the optimized phytosome formulation, it was incorporated into a thermogel formulation. The obtained phytosomal thermogel formulation was evaluated for its clarity, homogeneity, pH, and gel transformation temperature besides rheology behavior and permeation study. An in vivo study was done to investigate the anti-weight-gain effect of soy phytosomal ther mogel. RESULTS: EE was found to be >99% for all formulations, PS ranging from 51.66-650.67 while drug release was found to be (77.61-99.78) in range. FTIR and TEM results confirmed the formation of phytosome complex. In vivo study showed a marked reduction in body weight, adipose tissue weight and lipid profile. CONCLUSION: Concisely, soy phytosomal thermogel was found to have a local anti-obesity effect on the abdomen of experimental male albino rats with a slight systemic effect on the lipid profile data.


Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/administración & dosificación , Geles/administración & dosificación , Glycine max/química , Nanoestructuras/química , Administración Tópica , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Fármacos Antiobesidad/farmacocinética , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Liberación de Fármacos , Geles/química , Masculino , Nanoestructuras/administración & dosificación , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Obesidad/etiología , Tamaño de la Partícula , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacocinética , Ratas , Reología , Espectroscopía Infrarroja por Transformada de Fourier , Temperatura
3.
J Control Release ; 254: 10-22, 2017 05 28.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28344015

RESUMEN

CONTEXT: Atorvastatin calcium (ATV), a cholesterol-lowering agent, suffers from poor systemic availability (14%) after oral administration in addition to other side effects on the gastrointestinal tract, liver and muscle. OBJECTIVE: The goal of the present investigation was to improve ATV bioavailability and overcome complications attendant with peroral administration by developing a new nanovesicular system encapsulating ATV for its delivery via the transdermal route. METHODS: The vesicular systems were prepared by incorporating different polyethylene glycol fatty acid esters such as Labrasol, Cremophor EL, Gelucire 44/14 and Tween 80 as edge activators (EAs) in the lipid bilayer. The effect of the phosphatidylcholine (PC):EA molar ratio on the physicochemical properties of the vesicles was investigated. The pharmacokinetic studies of the optimized formulation were evaluated in rats. The optimized formulation was tested in poloxamer 407-induced hyperlipidemic rats. The plasma lipid profile, activity of liver enzymes, and oxidative stress parameters were measured using commercially available kits. RESULTS: The results revealed high ATV entrapment efficiency (EE%) ranging from 55.62 to 83.91%. The formulations that contained Labrasol showed the highest EE%. The mean diameter of the vesicles was in the range of 186-583nm. T8 containing Gelucire 44/14 as an EA in the molar ratio of 15:1 (PC:EA) gave the smallest size and exhibited the best permeation parameters across the skin. The pharmacokinetic studies revealed that about three times statistically significant (p<0.05) improvement in bioavailability, after transdermal administration of nanotransfersomal ATV gel compared to oral ATV suspension. The transdermal vesicular system exhibited a significant decrease in plasma total cholesterol, triglycerides and LDL cholesterol comparable to oral ATV. Additionally, it lowered the malondialdehyde levels in plasma and abolished the increase in liver enzyme activity. CONCLUSION: The results obtained suggest that the proposed transdermal vesicular system can serve as a promising alternative means for delivery of ATV.


Asunto(s)
Atorvastatina/administración & dosificación , Ácidos Grasos/química , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/administración & dosificación , Hiperlipidemias/tratamiento farmacológico , Nanocápsulas/química , Poloxámero , Polietilenglicoles/química , Administración Cutánea , Animales , Atorvastatina/química , Atorvastatina/toxicidad , Disponibilidad Biológica , Química Farmacéutica , Colesterol/química , Sistemas de Liberación de Medicamentos/métodos , Liberación de Fármacos , Ésteres/química , Glicéridos/química , Glicerol/análogos & derivados , Glicerol/química , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/química , Inhibidores de Hidroximetilglutaril-CoA Reductasas/toxicidad , Hiperlipidemias/inducido químicamente , Lecitinas/química , Lecitinas/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Tamaño de la Partícula , Permeabilidad , Polietilenglicoles/metabolismo , Polisorbatos/química , Ratas Wistar , Absorción Cutánea , Parche Transdérmico
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