The HDAC2/YY1/c-Myc signaling axis regulates lung cancer cell migration and proliferation.

Lung cancer is among the most aggressive types of malignant tumors that contributes to cancer-associated deaths worldwide with a high occurrence and fatality rate. Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), prevent the aberrant transcription of a number of genes that are primarily responsible for controlling the cell cycle, cell proliferation, and signaling pathways in numerous cancers. Previous studies reported the role of HDACs and YY1 in the growth and development of several cancers. Although, it is noteworthy that remarkable efforts have been taken for the treatment of lung cancer using molecularly targeted therapies and chemotherapeutic agents, but the outcome is still poor for this critically persistent cancer. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to identify an efficacious, novel therapeutic biomarkers for the successful diagnosis of lung cancer at the early stage of the disease and the molecular insights involved. In the present study, qPCR and western bot data revealed that the expression level of HDAC2 and YY1 were upregulated in the cell lines and tumor samples of lung cancer patients. Moreover, MTT, qPCR, western blot, cell cycle analysis, and migration assays showed that inhibition of HDAC2 reduced YY1 expression, similarly, depletion of YY1 using knockdown approach inhibited the proliferation, migration, invasion, and blockage of the cell cycle by suppressing c-Myc in lung cancer cell lines. In conclusion, the current study findings support the notion that HDAC2's anticancer role was attributed through YY1 regulation by targeting c-Myc and could act as potential novel candidate biomarker for the lung cancer diagnosis.

Fatigue After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review.

OBJECTIVE: To provide a systematic review of published interventions for posttraumatic brain injury fatigue (PTBIF). METHODS: PubMed and OneSearch were systematically searched for PTBIF interventions published between January 1, 1989, and March 31, 2019. Search results were evaluated for inclusion based on an abstract and full-text review. Inclusion criteria were (1) an investigation of an intervention, (2) participant sample including individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI), (3) report of fatigue outcome data among individuals with TBI, and (4) articles available in English, Spanish, French, German, Afrikaans, or Dutch. A risk of bias assessment was conducted on all included publications. RESULTS: The search resulted in 2343 publications, with 37 meeting inclusion criteria for this review. Categories of PTBIF interventions were pharmacological ( n = 13), psychological ( n = 9), exercise-based ( n = 4), complementary alternative medicine ( n = 5), electrotherapeutic ( n = 3), and multimodal ( n = 3). Only methylphenidate, modafinil, and cognitive behavioral therapy interventions included multiple cohorts. Pharmacological and psychological interventions represented the groups with the lowest risk of bias. CONCLUSIONS: This review includes 37 studies, with 21 studies published after 2014. Methylphenidate and melatonin were the only pharmacological agents found to reduce fatigue in randomized controlled trials. Creatine given to children prospectively at onset of injury reduced fatigue at follow-up. Walking and water aerobics were effective exercise interventions in isolated randomized controlled studies. One multimodal study of children after concussion was more effective at reducing fatigue and postconcussion symptoms than community standard of care. Other interventions had equivocal results. Overall, more work remains to understand and develop treatments for PTBIF.

Antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of silver nanoparticles synthesized by novel biogenic method using mixed reductants.

A novel method, for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles that are eco-friendly by means of mixed reductants method, has been developed. The combined extract of Mentha viridis plant and Prunus domestica gum were used as reducing agents for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles of the size less than 40 nm in diameter. The effect of time and concentration on the formation of silver nanoparticles were also monitored. The silver nanoparticles formed were verified by surface Plasmon spectra using single and double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The XRD technique and scanning electron microscopy were performed to analyze the crystalline structure, crystallite size and morphology. The synthesized silver nanoparticles were tested against different bacterial and fungus strains. The silver nanoparticles showed good inhibition in antimicrobial study and low MIC for bacterial strains. The antioxidant assay was performed to check the scavenging activity. In DPPH, the silver nanoparticles showed good scavenging activity and were found close to that of ascorbic acid.

Hypnosis regulation in propofol anaesthesia employing super-twisting sliding mode control to compensate variability dynamics.

Regulation of hypnosis level on bi-spectral index monitor (BIS) during a surgical procedure in propofol anaesthesia administration is a challenging task for an anaesthesiologist in multi-tasking environment of the operation theater. Automation in anaesthesia has the potential to solve issues arising from manual administration. Automation in anaesthesia is based on developing the three-compartmental model including pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic of the silico patients. This study focuses on regulation of the hypnosis level in the presence of surgical stimulus including skin incision, surgical diathermy and laryngoscopy as well as inter-patient variability by designing super-twisting sliding mode control (STSMC). The depth of the hypnosis level is maintained to 50 on the BIS level in the maintenance phase after improving the induction phase to 60 s using the conventional sliding mode control and 30 s with STSMC. The proposed scheme also compensates the inter-patient variability dynamics including height, age and weight of the different silico patients. Moreover, the surgical stimuli direct the hypnosis level towards the state of consciousness and stimulate the controller to provide continuous drug infusion during the interval 80-90 s. Simulation results witness that the oscillatory behaviour is observed in drug infusion to ensure the moderate level of hypnosis (40-60) for general surgery.

Implantation of Sacral Nerve Stimulator Without Rhizotomy for Neurogenic Bladder in Patient With Spinal Cord Injury: 2-Dimensional Operative Video.

There are approximately 12 000 new individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) each year, and close to 200 000 individuals live with a SCI-related disability in the United States. The majority of patients with SCI have bladder dysfunction as a result of their injury, with over 75% unable to void volitionally following their injury. In patients with traumatic SCI, intermittent catheterization is commonly recommended, but a lack of adherence to clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) has been observed, with up to 50% discontinuing CIC within 5 yr of injury. The Finetech Brindley Bladder System (FBBS) is an implantable sacral nerve stimulator for improving bladder function in patients with SCI, avoiding the need for CIC. The FDA-approved implantation (Humanitarian Device Exemption H980008) of the FBBS is combined with a posterior rhizotomy to reduce reflex contraction of the bladder, improving continence. However, the posterior rhizotomy is irreversible and has unwanted effects; therefore, the current FDA-approved implantation is being studied without rhizotomy as part of a clinical trial (Investigational Device Exemption G150201) (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02978638). In this video, we present a case of a 66-yr-old female who presented 40-yr status post-T12 SCI, resulting in complete paraplegia and neurogenic bladder not satisfactorily controlled with CIC. We demonstrate the operative steps to complete the implantation of the device without rhizotomy in the first patient enrolled as part of the clinical trial Electrical Stimulation for Continence After SCI (NCT02978638). Appropriate IRB and patient consent were obtained.

Coupled Si and O isotope measurements of meteoritic material by laser fluorination isotope ratio mass spectrometry.

We present a procedure for the determination of the isotopic ratios of silicon and oxygen from the same aliquot of anhydrous silicate material. The sample is placed in a bromine pentafluoride atmosphere as it is heated with a CO2 laser system releasing silicon tetrafluoride and oxygen gasses. The oxygen gas is then purified to remove other reaction by-products through several liquid nitrogen traps before being captured onto a molecular sieve and transferred to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The silicon tetrafluoride gas is then purified using a supplementary line by repeatedly freezing to -196°C with liquid nitrogen and then thawing with an ethanol slurry at -110°C through a series of metal and Pyrex traps. The purified gas is then condensed into a Pyrex sample tube before it is transferred to an isotope ratio mass spectrometer for silicon isotope ratio measurements. This system has silicon yields of greater than 90% for pure quartz, olivine, and garnet standards and has a reproducibility of ±0.1‰ (2σ) for pure quartz for both oxygen and silicon isotope measurements. Meteoritic samples were also successfully analyzed to demonstrate this system's ability to measure the isotopic ratio composition of bulk powders with precision. This unique technique allows for the fluorination of planetary material without the need for wet chemistry. Though designed to analyze small aliquots of meteoritic material (1.5 to 3 mg), this approach can also be used to investigate refractory terrestrial samples where traditional fluorination is not suitable.