Bioinspired fabrication of CuONPs synthesized via Cotoneaster and application in dye removal: antioxidant and antibacterial studies.

In this study, bioinspired fabrication of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) which are widely researched in nanotechnology field with Cotoneaster extract was performed. Cotoneaster plant extract was chosen as a good antioxidant and antibacterial agent in terms of the amount of phenolic and flavonoid compounds it contains. The obtained CuONPs were characterized by UV-Vis, FTIR, and SEM analyses. Antibacterial activity of the fabricated nanoparticles was evaluated against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Total phenolic compound, total flavonoid amount, and reducing power of the CuONPs were determined. Furthermore, paint removal properties of copper oxide nanoparticles on various dyes were investigated. Fabrication of the CuONPs was evaluated morphologically by color change and in UV spectrum by SPR band at 338 nm. The characteristic peak of CuONPs at 621 cm-1 was monitored employing FT-IR. SEM results showed that the fabricated CuONPs were spherical and between 50 and 160 nm. The CuONPs represented notable antibacterial efficiency against E. coli and S. aureus with inhibition zone of 19 ± 1 and 23 ± 2, respectively employing disk diffusion. The antioxidant properties of the CuONPs were also confirmed. Total phenolic substance content of the CuONP solution was 6.04 µg pyrocathecol equivalent/mg nanoparticle and total flavonoid content value was found as 122.46 µg catechin equivalent/mg nanoparticle. The reducing power of the fabricated CuONPs was found to be good when compared to the standard antioxidants BHA and α-tocopherol. In addition, the decolorization efficiency of the fabricated CuONPs has a strong potential on the industrial dye removal of neutral red and naphthol blue black.

The analysis of methylxanthine fractions obtained from Camellia sinensis cultivated in Turkey and effects on the in vitro inhibition of CYP2D6 enzyme.

Tea is a worldwide consumed herbal beverage and it was aimed in this study to reveal the major fractions of green and black tea in order to enlighten the in vitro inhibition potency on the well-known drug metabolizing enzyme CYP2D6 activity. Methylxanthine fractions were extracted from green and black tea and a yield of 0.265 g (1.06%) for 25 g of dried black tea and 0.302 g (1.2%) for 25 g of green tea was calculated. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis represented that the major components of the methylxanthine fractions were caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline. Methylxanthine content of black tea was 368.25 ± 4.6 µg/ml caffeine, 89.30 ± 2.3 µg/ml theobromine, and 3.40 ± 0.5 µg/ml theophylline, whereas that of green tea was 176.50 ± 3.7 µg/ml caffeine, 53.85 ± 1.4 µg/ml theobromine, and 2.06 ± 0.7 µg/ml theophylline. The results of concentration-dependent inhibition studies were 76% green tea, 75% black tea, and 55% caffeine at concentration of 10 mg/ml. The inhibition rates of green and black tea on CYP2D6 activity were 76% and 75%, respectively, where that of quinidine, the well-known inhibitor of CYP2D6, was 82%. Our results indicate that green and black tea is very likely to modify the CYP2D6 enzyme activity.

Phytosynthesis of CuONPs via Laurus nobilis: Determination of antioxidant content, antibacterial activity, and dye decolorization potential.

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuONPs) were phytosynthesized by Laurus nobilis leaf extract, which was used as a reducing and capping agent. UV-vis spectroscopy was applied, and the spectrum of CuONPs gave a peak around 300 and 325 nm. An intense Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy between 4000 and 500 cm-1 wavelengths exhibited exterior functional groups of CuONPs. The results of scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the green synthesized CuONPs were spherical in shape with sizes between 90 and 250 nm. Antibacterial activity of CuONPs was evaluated against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Brilliant Blue R-250 was employed in the dye decolorization studies, and CuONPs achieved 69% decolorization in 60 Min. The antioxidant activity of CuONPs was calculated by analyzing total phenolic compounds and flavonoid content. Furthermore, the reducing power of extract and nanoparticles was determined. Total phenolic compounds of CuONPs were determined as 6.7 µg of pyrocatechol equivalent/mg, while total flavonoids were measured as 236.62 µg catechin/mg sample. Results indicated that the method of CuONP formation is simple and low cost and the phytosynthesized CuONPs had antibacterial, antioxidant, and dye decolorization activity.