Cognitive performance and long-latency auditory evoked potentials: a study on aging.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between cognitive performance and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in an elderly population. METHODS: The sample consisted of adults between 20 and 58 years of age and elderly adults between 60 and 70 years of age. The screening procedures adopted were an inspection of the external auditory canal, tonal and vocal audiometry, tympanometry, brain stem auditory evoked potential, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test, and long-latency auditory evoked potential. RESULTS: The latency and amplitude values of cortical components by age group showed significant differences under the following conditions: (i) signals evoked by the speech stimulus /da/ and by the pure-tone stimulus at 2,000 Hz for the N2 amplitude (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively) , which were both higher for adults, and (ii) signals evoked by the speech stimulus /da/ for N1 latency (p=0.018) and by the pure-tone stimulus at 2,000 Hz for P2 latency (p=0.017), which were both higher in the elderly population. The cognitive component (P300) showed a significant difference when evoked by speech stimuli, with higher latency in the elderly population (p=0.013). When correlated with cognitive processes, the latency and amplitude of cortical potentials showed direct and medium-strength correlations between abnormal scores obtained on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and P2 amplitude (p<0.001 and r=0.452). CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between long-latency potentials and cognitive performance in the elderly, which was observed by the increase in the P2 amplitude and the impairment of the process of sound decoding.

Cognitive performance and long-latency auditory evoked potentials: a study on aging

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between cognitive performance and long-latency auditory evoked potentials in an elderly population. METHODS: The sample consisted of adults between 20 and 58 years of age and elderly adults between 60 and 70 years of age. The screening procedures adopted were an inspection of the external auditory canal, tonal and vocal audiometry, tympanometry, brain stem auditory evoked potential, the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test, and long-latency auditory evoked potential. RESULTS: The latency and amplitude values of cortical components by age group showed significant differences under the following conditions: (i) signals evoked by the speech stimulus /da/ and by the pure-tone stimulus at 2,000 Hz for the N2 amplitude (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively) , which were both higher for adults, and (ii) signals evoked by the speech stimulus /da/ for N1 latency (p=0.018) and by the pure-tone stimulus at 2,000 Hz for P2 latency (p=0.017), which were both higher in the elderly population. The cognitive component (P300) showed a significant difference when evoked by speech stimuli, with higher latency in the elderly population (p=0.013). When correlated with cognitive processes, the latency and amplitude of cortical potentials showed direct and medium-strength correlations between abnormal scores obtained on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test and P2 amplitude (p<0.001 and r=0.452). CONCLUSION: There is a relationship between long-latency potentials and cognitive performance in the elderly, which was observed by the increase in the P2 amplitude and the impairment of the process of sound decoding.

Potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável em frequências portadoras acima de 4000 Hz / Auditory steady-state evoked potentials at carrier frequencies above 4000 Hz

RESUMO Introdução O potencial evocado auditivo de estado estável (PEAEE) tem sido apontado como uma técnica promissora para avaliar a audição de pacientes que não cooperam espontaneamente na determinação dos limiares auditivo. Embora estudos relatem desempenho diminuído nas frequências portadoras acima de 4000 Hz, são necessários avanços técnicos para determinar a sua utilidade clínica, pois o uso dessas frequências pode contribuir para um melhor diagnóstico audiológico. Objetivo Analisar os potenciais evocados auditivos de estado estável, em frequências portadoras acima de 4000 Hz. Métodos A avaliação dos PEAEE foi realizada de forma isolada e combinada, nas intensidades de 50 dBNPSpe e 80 dBNPSpe, nas frequências portadoras de 6000 e 8000 Hz, com o sistema de aquisição e análise MASTER. Resultados Foi realizada análise de variância (ANOVA two-way), em que se encontrou diminuição das amplitudes, quando relacionadas às intensidades e às condições do estímulo. Conclusão Foi possível avaliar as frequências portadoras de 6000 e 8000 Hz, tanto de forma isolada, quanto combinada. Não houve interações entre as frequências portadoras de 6000 Hz e 8000 Hz, quanto à forma de apresentação (combinada e isolada) e intensidade, para a amostra estudada.

ABSTRACT Introduction The auditory steady-state evoked potentials (ASSEPs) has been identified as a promising technique for assessing hearing in patients who do not cooperate spontaneously in determining auditory thresholds. Although studies report decreased performance at carrier frequencies above 4000 Hz , technical advancements to determine its clinical utility is necessary because the use of these frequencies can contribute to a better audiological diagnosis. Purpose Aimed to analyze the general auditory steady-state response at carrier frequencies above 4000Hz. Methods Evaluation of ASSEPs combined and isolated at the intensities of 50 SLPpe and 80 SLPpe at the carrier frequencies 6000 Hz to 8000 Hz, with the signal acquisition and analysis system MASTER. Results Analysis of variance (two-way ANOVA), which found decreased amplitudes when related to the intensity and the stimulus conditions. Conclusion It was possible to evaluate the carrier frequencies 6000 Hz and 8000 Hz, either alone or combined. There were no interactions between the carrier frequencies 6000 Hz to 8000 Hz in both forms of presentation (combined and isolated) and intensity, for the sample.

Potencial miogênico evocado vestibular e suas implicações no domínio das frequências / Vestibular evoked myogenic potential and its implications in the frequency domain

OBJETIVO: Verificar a existência de associação entre o VEMP no domínio do tempo e no domínio das frequências. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi composta por 18 indivíduos (36 orelhas), sendo seis do gênero masculino e 12 do gênero feminino. No exame de VEMP no domínio do tempo, foram promediados 200 estímulos tone burst na frequência de 500 Hz, com taxa de estimulação de 5,1 estímulos/s na intensidade de 95 dBNAn. Seguiu-se com a captação no domínio das frequências, onde foram promediados 200 estímulos constituídos por tons puros de 500 Hz (frequência portadora), modulados na frequência de 40 Hz. Foi realizado o cálculo do Odds ratio e aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado para a comparação entre as respostas dos dois domínios. Estudo de coorte contemporânea com corte transversal. RESULTADOS: O VEMP no domínio do tempo foi registrado por meio da estimulação e captação unilateral, com morfologia adequada, em 88,88% das orelhas. Na realização do exame no domínio das frequências, foi registrada a presença de pico de estado estável em 30 (83,33%) dos 36 exames. Quando realizado o teste Qui-quadrado e o cálculo do Odds ratio, foi possível observar a existência de forte relação entre os dois domínios. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que existe forte associação entre os exames de VEMP no domínio do tempo e no domínio das frequências, o que habilita sua utilização na prática clínica.

PURPOSE: Determine whether there is an association between VEMP in the time domain and the frequency domain. METHODS: The sample was composed of 18 individuals (36 ears), six men and 12 women. In the VEMP test in the time domain, 200 tone burst stimuli were promediated at a frequency of 500 Hz, with 5.1 stimulations/s at an intensity of 95 dBNAn. This was followed by capture in the frequency domain, where 200 stimuli consisting of 500 Hz (carrier frequency) pure tones were promediated and modulated at a frequency of 40 Hz. Odds ratio was calculated and the chi-squared test was applied to compare the responses of two domains. This is a cross-sectional contemporary cohort study. RESULTS: VEMP in the time domain was recorded by unilateral stimulation and capture, with adequate morphology, in 88.88% of the ears. In the frequency domain test, a steady-state peak was found in 30 of the 36 tests (83.33%). The chi-squared test and odds ratio calculation showed a strong relationship between the two domains. CONCLUSION: There is a significant association between the VEMP tests in the time and frequency domains, a finding that suppports its use in clinical practice.

The impact of stimulation rates in vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing.

UNLABELLED: Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been used in complementary otoneurological assessment, but the use of VEMP in clinical settings is limited. VEMPs can be used to assess vestibular function, particularly of the saccule, the inferior vestibular nerve, and/or the vestibular nucleus. OBJECTIVE: To verify the highest possible - and reliable - stimulation rate to obtain VEMPs. METHOD: The VEMPs of 18 subjects were acquired using stimulation rates ranging between 5.1 and 40.8 stimuli per second. STUDY DESIGN: cross-sectional contemporary cohort study. RESULTS: Latencies were kept unaltered and amplitudes were progressively reduced as stimulation rates were increased. However, ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test failed to find statistically significant differences between the tested parameters. The study further indicated that when stimulation rates of 5.1 and 10.2 stimuli per second were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed in latency. CONCLUSION: The highest reliable stimulation rate observed in the group of young adults with normal hearing included in this study was 10.2 stimuli per second.

Interferencia da taxa de estimulo na avaliacao do potencial evocado miogenico vestibular / The impact of stimulation rates in vestibular evoked myogenic potential testing

Os potenciais miogênicos evocados vestibulares (VEMP) vêm sendo empregados como exame complementar para estudos otoneurológicos, ainda pouco explorados clinicamente. Esse potencial avalia a função vestibular, especificamente do sáculo, nervo vestibular inferior e/ou núcleo vestibular. OBJETIVO: Verificar a maior taxa de estímulos possível (e confiável) na obtenção do VEMP. MÉTODO: Foi registrado o potencial em 18 sujeitos, variando-se a taxa de estímulos entre 5,1 e 40,8 estímulos/s. Forma de estudo: Estudo de coorte contemporânea com corte transversal. RESULTADOS: As latências se mantiveram constantes e as amplitudes foram progressivamente reduzidas com o aumento da taxa de estimulação. Contudo, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os parâmetros simultaneamente, quando aplicados os testes ANOVA e Kruskal-Wallis. Os dados obtidos nesta pesquisa demonstraram que, quando comparadas as taxas de estimulação de 5,1 e 10,2 estímulos/s, houve ausência de diferença estatisticamente significativas para o parâmetro latência. CONCLUSÃO: Conclui-se que a maior taxa de estimulação confiável é a de 10,2 estímulos/s, para a amostra estudada de adultos jovens ouvintes normais. .

Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) have been used in complementary otoneurological assessment, but the use of VEMP in clinical settings is limited. VEMPs can be used to assess vestibular function, particularly of the saccule, the inferior vestibular nerve, and/or the vestibular nucleus. OBJECTIVE: To verify the highest possible - and reliable - stimulation rate to obtain VEMPs. METHOD: The VEMPs of 18 subjects were acquired using stimulation rates ranging between 5.1 and 40.8 stimuli per second. Study design: cross-sectional contemporary cohort study. RESULTS: Latencies were kept unaltered and amplitudes were progressively reduced as stimulation rates were increased. However, ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test failed to find statistically significant differences between the tested parameters. The study further indicated that when stimulation rates of 5.1 and 10.2 stimuli per second were compared, no statistically significant differences were observed in latency. CONCLUSION: The highest reliable stimulation rate observed in the group of young adults with normal hearing included in this study was 10.2 stimuli per second. .