RESUMEN
Obesity is growing at an alarming rate, which is characterized by increased adipose tissue. It increases the probability of many health complications, such as diabetes, arthritis, cardiac disease, and cancer. In modern society, with a growing population of obese patients, several individuals have increased insulin resistance. Herbal medicines are known as the oldest method of health care treatment for obesity-related secondary health issues. Several traditional medicinal plants and their effective phytoconstituents have shown anti-diabetic and anti-adipogenic activity. Adipose tissue is a major site for lipid accumulation as well as the whole-body insulin sensitivity region. 3T3-L1 cell line model can achieve adipogenesis. Adipocyte characteristics features such as expression of adipocyte markers and aggregation of lipids are chemically induced in the 3T3-L1 fibroblast cell line. Differentiation of 3T3-L1 is an efficient and convenient way to obtain adipocyte like cells in experimental studies. Peroxisome proliferation activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and Cytosine-Cytosine-Adenosine-Adenosine-Thymidine/Enhancer-binding protein α (CCAAT/Enhancer-binding protein α or C/EBPα) are considered to be regulating adipogenesis at the early stage, while adiponectin and fatty acid synthase (FAS) is responsible for the mature adipocyte formation. Excess accumulation of these adipose tissues and lipids leads to obesity. Thus, investigating adipose tissue development and the underlying molecular mechanism is important in the therapeutical approach. This review describes the cellular mechanism of 3T3-L1 fibroblast cells on potential anti-adipogenic herbal bioactive compounds.
Asunto(s)
Fármacos Antiobesidad/uso terapéutico , Artritis/prevención & control , Diabetes Mellitus/prevención & control , Cardiopatías/prevención & control , Neoplasias/prevención & control , Obesidad/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Células 3T3-L1 , Adipogénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Adipogénesis/genética , Adiponectina/genética , Adiponectina/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Animales , Fármacos Antiobesidad/química , Artritis/etiología , Artritis/genética , Artritis/patología , Proteínas Potenciadoras de Unión a CCAAT/genética , Proteínas Potenciadoras de Unión a CCAAT/metabolismo , Diabetes Mellitus/etiología , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/patología , Ácido Graso Sintasas/genética , Ácido Graso Sintasas/metabolismo , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Cardiopatías/etiología , Cardiopatías/genética , Cardiopatías/patología , Humanos , Resistencia a la Insulina , Ratones , Neoplasias/etiología , Neoplasias/genética , Neoplasias/patología , Obesidad/complicaciones , Obesidad/genética , Obesidad/patología , PPAR gamma/genética , PPAR gamma/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/químicaRESUMEN
A two-part experiment was performed to determine whether dietary peppermint oil could improve the growth and/or decrease aggression among blue swimmer crab, Portunus pelagicus early juveniles. A total of five isonitrogenous diets were made that contained increasing peppermint oil levels of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50 or 1.00%.? These diets were fed to 45 replicate crabs in each treatment (total of 225 crabs) for 12 days, the final sizes and weights were measured, and then placed in 3 replicate containers (30 in total/treatment) to allow the opportunity for cannibalism over 10 days.? After 10 days, the remaining crabs were examined for any histopathological changes in gills or hepatopancreas.? Results showed dietary peppermint oil, at the tested levels, had no effect on the growth or cannibalism, in either experiments (p > 0.05).? However, there were substantial changes in the hepatopancreatic histopathology that included thinner tubules and significantly less B- and R-cells from 0.10% dietary peppermint oil and above.? The unaffected growth or cannibalism indicate that the levels of dietary peppermint oil used were insufficient and further investigations are required, particularly on the implications to the hepatopancreatic changes. ?