Comparing MitoQ10 and heat therapy: Evaluating mechanisms and therapeutic potential for polycystic ovary syndrome induced by circadian rhythm disruption.

Environmental factors, such as sleep restriction, contribute to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) by causing hyperinsulinemia, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and oligo- or anovulation. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of circadian rhythm disruption on reproductive and metabolic functions and investigate the potential therapeutic benefits of MitoQ10 and hot tub therapy (HTT). Sixty female rats were divided into six groups: control, MitoQ10, HTT, and three groups with PCOS induced by continuous light exposure(L/L). The reproductive, endocrine, and structural manifestations ofL/L-induced PCOS were confirmed by serum biochemical measurements, ultrasound evaluation of ovarian size, and vaginal smear examination at week 14. Subsequently, the rats were divided into the L/L (untreated), L/L+MitoQ10-treated, andL/L+HTT-treated groups. At the end of week 22, all rats were sacrificed. Treatmentwith MitoQ10 or HTT partially reversed the reproductive, endocrine, and structural features of PCOS, leading to a decreased amplitude of isolated uterine contractions, ovarian cystic changes and size, and endometrial thickness. Furthermore, both interventions improved the elevated serum levels of anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), kisspeptin, Fibulin-1, A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 19 (ADAMTS-19), lipid profile, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), oxidative stress markers, androgen receptors (AR) and their transcription target genes, FKBP52 immunostaining in ovarian tissues, and uterine estrogen receptor alpha (ER-α) and PRimmunostaining. In conclusion, MitoQ10 supplementation and HTT demonstrated the potential for ameliorating metabolic, reproductive, and structural perturbations associated with PCOS induced by circadian rhythm disruption. These findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for these interventions in managing PCOS in women.

Insights into the neuroprotective effects of Salvia officinalis L. and Salvia microphylla Kunth in the memory impairment rat model.

Salvia species have a longstanding traditional culinary use, mostly being consumed in the Mediterranean diet as a common herb added to food. Salvia is commonly consumed as a herbal tea for memory enhancement. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most prevalent form of dementia affecting people worldwide Therefore, the current research aimed to investigate potential therapeutic benefits of Salvia officinalis (SOL) cultivated in Jordan and Salvia microphylla (SML) cultivated in Egypt with regard to acetylcholinesterase activity, ß-amyloid deposition and oxidative stress associated with scopolamine-induced AD. Metabolite profiling of the ethanol extracts of SOL and SML was performed using UPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis. Methyl carnosate, carnosic acid, carnosol, rosmanol and salvianolic acids were the major secondary metabolites identified in SOL and SML extracts. In our study, scopolamine (1.14 mg kg-1, i.p.) was administered for 7 consecutive days to induce memory impairment in rats. SML and SOL (150 and 300 mg kg-1, p.o.) were tested for their effects to reduce the scopolamine-induced deficits. Donepezil (0.5 mg kg-1, i.p.) was used as a positive control. Scopolamine induced histopathological changes in rats' prefrontal cortex and hippocampus in addition to ß-amyloid plaque deposition. Furthermore, scopolamine treatment promoted oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase activity. On the other hand, treatment with Salvia extracts corrected the histological changes induced by scopolamine and significantly reduced ß-amyloid deposition. Moreover, both oxidative stress markers and acetylcholinesterase activity were ameliorated by Salvia treatment. Using virtual docking to the active sites of the human acetylcholinesterase crystal structure, salvianolic acid K, rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid C showed the best fitting binding modes to active sites of acetylcholinesterase. Accordingly, the present study demonstrates the beneficial effects of Salvia species from Egypt and Jordan against scopolamine-induced AD-like disorder.

Effect of dextrose phonophoresis versus pulsed electromagnetic field on temporomandibular dysfunction: A randomized, controlled study.

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated and compared the efficacy of dextrose phonophoresis and Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) on pain, range of motion (ROM) and function in patients with Temporomandibular Dysfunction (TMD). METHODS: 45 patients with TMD aging from 25 to 45 years, with mean age 29 ± 2.5 years were included in this study, they were assigned randomly into 3 equal groups each contain fifteen TMJ dysfunction patients. Group (A) in which each patient received 50% dextrose phonophoresis for 5 min and therapeutic ultrasound for 5 min, Group (B) in which each patient received Pulsed Electromagnetic Field (PEMF) with frequency of 50 HZ for 50 min, and traditional physiotherapy ultrasound for 5 min, while in the control group (C) the patients received traditional physiotherapy ultrasound for 5 min only, the frequency of treatment session in the three groups was 3 days per week for 4 weeks. The assessment tools were visual analog scale (VAS) for pain evaluation, plastic ruler for TMJ ROM measurements while Fonseca's questionnaire was used for evaluation of TM function at baseline and 4 weeks later. RESULTS: Paired t-test for comparison between pre and post treatment measurements in each group showed significant decrease pain as well as improvement of ROM and Fonseca's questionnaire in group A and B than placebo group. CONCLUSIONS: The results found that both dextrose phonophoresis and PEMF have beneficial effects considering pain, ROM and function in patients with (TMD).

Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation on adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a single-center experience.

AIM: The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a 6-month intramuscular vitamin D supplementation in improving the liver parameters in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). BACKGROUND: The association between vitamin D level and NAFLD has not been determined. METHODS: A single-blinded non-randomized controlled trial was conducted in 80 NAFLD patients assigned to receive a monthly single intramuscular dose of 200,000 IU cholecalciferol/vitamin D3 (n= 40), or placebo (n= 40) for six months. Transient elastography for the measurement of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurements (LSM), as well as fibrosis 4 score (FIB4) and NAFLD fibrosis score (NFS) were performed. RESULTS: The mean serum 25(OH)D was significantly increased after six months of vitamin D treatment (16.31±10.23 Vs 39.37±11.99 ng/ml). In the vitamin D group, most vitamin D deficiency patients (70% deficiency, 10% insufficiency, and 20% sufficiency) had changed to be sufficient (7.5% deficiency, 5% insufficiency, and 87.5% sufficiency). On the other hand, the values of CAP (311.9±42.2 dB/m) and LSM (6.8±2 kPa) had significantly reduced after six months of supplementation (287.0 ±44.3dB/m and 6.1 ±1.1 kPa, respectively) with significantly higher mean CAP and LSM change from baseline in vitamin D group compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, the ALT and AST levels were significantly improved in Vitamin D group compared to the placebo group (P<0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that lower serum 25(OH)D level was the only significant predictor for NAFLD (OR=0.89, p=0.001) in this study. CONCLUSION: A monthly single intramuscular dose of 200,000 IU cholecalciferol is effective in improving the laboratory and fibroscan parameters of the liver disease in NAFLD patients, which confirm a significant relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the risk of NAFLD.