RESUMEN
Hair loss is a disorder in which the hair falls out from skin areas such as the scalp and the body. Several studies suggest the use of herbal medicine to treat related disorders, including alopecia. Dermal microcirculation is essential for hair maintenance, and an insufficient blood supply can lead to hair follicles (HF) diseases. This work aims to provide an insight into the ethnohistorical records of some nutritional compounds containing flavonoids for their potential beneficial features in repairing or recovering from hair follicle disruption. We started from a query for "alopecia" OR "hair loss" AND "Panax ginseng C.A. Mey." (or other six botanicals) terms included in Pubmed and Web of Sciences articles. The activities of seven common botanicals introduced with diet (Panax ginseng C.A. Mey., Malus pumila Mill cultivar Annurca, Coffea arabica, Allium sativum L., Camellia sinensis (L.) Kuntze, Rosmarinum officinalis L., Capsicum annum L.) are discussed, which are believed to reduce the rate of hair loss or stimulate new hair growth. In this review, we pay our attention on the molecular mechanisms underlying the bioactivity of the aforementioned nutritional compounds in vivo, ex vivo and in vitro studies. There is a need for systematic evaluation of the most commonly used plants to confirm their anti-hair loss power, identify possible mechanisms of action, and recommend their best adoption.
Asunto(s)
Flavonoides/farmacología , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Piloso/crecimiento & desarrollo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Plantas Comestibles/química , Plantas Medicinales/química , Animales , Flavonoides/química , Flavonoides/metabolismo , Humanos , Redes y Vías Metabólicas , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Plantas Comestibles/metabolismo , Plantas Medicinales/metabolismoRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Several traditional medicinal herbs are widely used for dermatologic and cosmetic preparations. The beneficial skin repair activity is detected in various phases of wound-healing process, such as cell-cell, cell-matrix interactions or collagen synthesis. AIM OF THE STUDY: The study assessed the effects of Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Opuntia) and Milk Thistle (MT) (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaerth) on adult keratinocytes (HaCaT) functioning under basal condition or in the presence of mechanical damage (wounded cells). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The role of the natural compounds was tested on HaCaT grown in mono-culture and tri-culture configurations. In tri-cultures models, HaCaT were treated with the conditioned media (CM) obtained by Human Normal Dermal Fibroblast (NHDF) and Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial cells (HMVEC) co-cultures. Specifically, were tested cell viability, oxidative stress mechanisms (cytokines release and lipid peroxidation) and cellular remodelling (growth factors release or metalloproteinase modulation). Moreover, the migratory potential of HaCaT was analysed by the use of wound healing in vitro assay. RESULTS: Opuntia and MT differently modified the metabolism (EGF, MMP-9), and the migratory properties of HaCaT both under physiological conditions or upon mechanical damage (wounded cells). Moreover, both compounds modulated HaCaT response to oxidative stress. The response to the natural compounds were modified, and in some cases potentiated, in tri-culture configuration systems. CONCLUSIONS: The data demonstrated that in vitro tri-culture approach is suitable to characterize the role of natural compounds on the complex communication between dermal-epidermal cellular components and microvascular endothelium. Specifically, Opuntia and MT are good alternatives to synthetic compounds in skin repair promotion.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Flavonoides/farmacología , Queratinocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Opuntia , Silybum marianum , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Línea Celular , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Medios de Cultivo Condicionados , Dieta , Células Endoteliales/fisiología , Fibroblastos/fisiología , Humanos , Queratinocitos/fisiología , Cicatrización de Heridas/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Current treatments for hair follicle (HF) disruption are based on 5-α reductase inhibitors and prostaglandin modulators. Botanicals and nutraceutical compounds interfere with hair loss or stimulate its partial regrowth. Here, we used in vitro cocultures to investigate the activity of Serenoa repens ( SR) and N-acetyl glucosamine + milk proteins (NAG/Lac) on the paracrine interactions between human microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC) and HF dermal papilla cells (FDPC). Both SR and NAG/Lac-induced endothelial tubulogenesis were enhanced by FDPC. SR promoted proliferation of both the cell types, while NAG/Lac was effective on endothelium. Vascular endothelial growth factor production, enhanced by SR, was further augmented by FDPC. In FDPC 5-α reductase-II and ß-catenin expressions were modified by SR and less by NAG/Lac, with no additional effect by HMVEC. SR and NAG/Lac prevented lipid peroxidation, whereas NAG/Lac was effective on interleukin 1ß production. Finally, SR and NAG/Lac differentially affected HMVEC permeability and tight junction proteins content. These data provide a mechanistic background for the potential use of these compounds as promoters of HF vascularization.
Asunto(s)
Acetilglucosamina/farmacología , Inductores de la Angiogénesis/farmacología , Células Endoteliales/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Piloso/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas de la Leche/farmacología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Comunicación Paracrina/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Serenoa , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Técnicas de Cocultivo , Células Endoteliales/metabolismo , Folículo Piloso/citología , Folículo Piloso/metabolismo , Humanos , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Permeabilidad , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Serenoa/química , Transducción de Señal , Uniones Estrechas/efectos de los fármacos , Uniones Estrechas/metabolismo , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Acne vulgaris is a common skin defect, usually occurring during adolescence, but often it can persist in adults leaving permanent face scarring. Acne is usually treated with topical drugs, oral antibiotics, retinoids, and hormonal therapies, but medicinal plants are increasingly employed. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the protective role of white willow bark (WWB) and 1,2-decanediol (DD) on the damage caused by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on human adult keratinocytes (HaCaT). METHODS: HaCaT were exposed to LPS alone or in association with WWB and DD. Epidermal viability, metabolic modulation, inflammatory activity, and cell migration were assessed with both common standardized protocols or high-throughput screening systems. RESULTS: The preincubation of HaCaT with WWB and DD (used separately or in combination) differently prevented the alterations induced by LPS on HaCaT in terms of growth factor release (IGF, EGF, VEGF), cytokine production (IL-1α, IL-6, IL-8), or expression of the transcription factor FOXO-I. Moreover, they partially restore wound repair lowered by LPS. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that both natural compounds were able to differently affect several functions of LPS-stressed keratinocytes suggesting their potential role for the prevention of acne vulgaris, without adverse effects.