RESUMEN
Most of the metals released from industrial activity, among them are cadmium (Cd) and nickel (Ni), inhibit the productivity of cultures and affect microbial metabolism. In this context, the aim of this work was to investigate the capacity of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the adverse effects of Cd and Ni on cell growth, viability, budding rate and trehalose content of Saccharomyces cerevisiae, likely because of adsorption and chelating action. For this purpose, the yeast was grown batch-wise in YED medium supplemented with selected amounts of vinasse and Cd or Ni. The negative effects of Cd and Ni on S. cerevisiae growth and the mitigating one of sugar cane vinasse were quantified by an exponential model. Without vinasse, the addition of increasing levels of Cd and Ni reduced the specific growth rate, whereas in its presence no reduction was observed. Consistently with the well-proved toxicity of both metals, cell viability and budding rate progressively decreased with increasing their concentration, but in the presence of vinasse the situation was remarkably improved. The trehalose content of S. cerevisiae cells followed the same qualitative behavior as cell viability, even though the negative effect of both metals on this parameter was stronger. These results demonstrate the ability of sugar cane vinasse to mitigate the toxic effects of Cd and Ni.
Asunto(s)
Cadmio/toxicidad , Níquel/toxicidad , Preparaciones de Plantas/farmacología , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/efectos de los fármacos , Saccharum/química , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Fermentación , Cinética , Melaza , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Saccharomyces cerevisiae/metabolismo , Factores de Tiempo , Trehalosa/metabolismoRESUMEN
Avaliaram-se no presente trabalho, as produções de etanol e dos ácidos acético e lático, bem como das proporções dos isômeros óticos D(-) e L(+) desse último, por 17 linhagens de Lactobacillus isoladas de fermentações industriais de produção de etanol. As linhagens foram crescidas a 32ºC por 24 horas, em meio contendo 1 por cento de glucose, 1 por cento de frutose, 1 por cento de extrato de levedura, sais nutrientes (K, Mg e Mn) e tampão fosfato. Foram estimados os teores de ácido lático, ácido acético e etanol mediante cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência, assim como dos isômeros óticos D(-) e L(+) do ácido lático mediante espectrofotometria ao ultra-violeta, empregando desidrogenases láticas estereoespecíficas. O crescimento bacteriano foi inferido pela absorvância a 600 nm. Os resultados obtidos mostraram, pelos perfis de excreção dos metabólitos, a presença de 8 linhagens homofermentativas obrigatórias (produzindo unicamente ácido lático), 8 linhagens heterofermentativas obrigatórias (com produções de ácidos lático, acético e etanol) e 1 linhagem supostamente heterofermentativa facultativa. Observou-se também, em relação à formação dos estereoisômeros, que 12 linhagens foram incluídas no grupo DL, 4 no grupo L e 1 no grupo D. Os resultados permitem concluir que os Lactobacillus que contaminam processos fermentativos industriais de produção de etanol, podem se apresentar nos 3 biotipos fermentativos e produzindo as mais variadas proporções dos dois estereoisômeros do ácido lático, com relevantes implicações biotecnológicas. Este é o primeiro relato sobre as produções dos isômeros óticos do ácido lático por bactérias do gênero Lactobacillus isoladas de fermentações industriais baseadas na cana-de-açúcar.
The aim of the present work was to evaluate the metabolism type of 17 Lactobacillus strains isolated from industrial ethanol fermentation plants. The strains were grown at 32°C for 24 hours on a mixture of equal amounts of glucose and fructose as the carbon source, and supplemented with yeast extract, mineral nutrients and buffer. Bacterial growth was estimated by absorbance at 600nm and the main end products of bacterial metabolism (lactate, acetate and ethanol) were measured by high performance liquid chromatography, while the stereoisomers, D(-)- and L(+)-lactate, were assayed by an enzymatic methodology using stereospecific lactate-dehydrogenases. According to the results, all the three types of metabolism were found among the bacteria investigated: obligately homofermentative (8 strains), facultative heterofermentative (1 strain) and obligately heterofermentative (8 strains). The results have showed a predominance of DL strains regarding the stereoisomers production, but it was also found strains producing a single type of the isomeric form. These findings suggest the possibility to explore the lactobacilli biodiversity in fuel ethanol fermentation plants for lactate production of chemically pure optical isomers. This is the first report on lactic acid isomers formation by Lactobacillus strains isolated from sugar cane based-industrial fermentations.