RESUMEN
Astrocytic tumour cells derived from human (GL-15) and rat (C6) gliomas, as well as non-tumoural astrocytic cells, were exposed to the saponin-rich fraction (SF) from Agave sisalana waste and the cytotoxic effects were evaluated. Cytotoxicity assays revealed a reduction of cell viability that was more intensive in glioma than in non-tumoural cells. The SF induced morphological changes in C6 cells. They were characterised by cytoplasmic vacuole formation associated with increase in the formation of acidic lysosomes. The SF was subjected to purification on Sephadex LH-20, which characterised three probable steroidal saponins (sisalins) by electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry multistage (ESI-MSn). Sisalins from sisal may be responsible for the cytotoxicity, which involves cytoplasmatic vacuole formation and selective action for glioma cells.
Asunto(s)
Agave/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Astrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Saponinas/química , Saponinas/farmacología , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Astrocitos/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Chlorocebus aethiops , Citoplasma/efectos de los fármacos , Citoplasma/patología , Glioma/patología , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Saponinas/análisis , Espectrometría de Masa por Ionización de Electrospray/métodos , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem , Vacuolas/efectos de los fármacos , Vacuolas/patología , Células VeroRESUMEN
This study describes the in vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous extracts (AE), ethyl acetate extracts (EE), flavonoid fractions (FF) and saponin fractions (SF) obtained from sisal waste (Agave sisalana) against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. The activity of these extracts was evaluated by performing inhibition of egg hatch (EHA) and larval migration (LMI) assays. The EC(50) results of the EHA corresponded to 4.7, 0.1 and 0.05 mg/mL for EE, EA and FF, respectively. The SF fraction showed no ovicidal activity. The percent efficacies that were observed for the LMI were 50.3, 33.2 and 64.1% for the AE, EE and SF, respectively. The FF fraction did not show activity against the larvae. The analysis of the FF fraction indicates the presence of a homoisoflavonoid. This report suggests that the A. sisalana has activity in vitro against gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. This effect is likely related to the presence of homoisoflavonoid and saponin compounds, which have different actions for specific stages of nematode development.
Asunto(s)
Agave/química , Antihelmínticos/farmacología , Enfermedades de las Cabras/tratamiento farmacológico , Nematodos/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones por Nematodos/veterinaria , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antihelmínticos/química , Antihelmínticos/aislamiento & purificación , Femenino , Flavonoides/aislamiento & purificación , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/parasitología , Enfermedades Gastrointestinales/veterinaria , Enfermedades de las Cabras/parasitología , Cabras , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Nematodos/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Nematodos/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones por Nematodos/parasitología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Phitotherapy has been frequently utilized in parasitism control for numerous animal species. The aim of this experiment was to evaluate the in vitro effects of aqueous extracts of Mentha piperita L. and Chenopodium ambrosioides L. leaves in larvae cultures of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats. Six different concentrations of M. piperita extracts (196; 150.7; 115.9; 89.1; 68.5 e 52.7 mg/mL) and C. ambrosioides extracts (110,6; 85; 65,3; 50,2; 38,6 e 29,6 mg/mL) were used for the treatment of larvae cultures, in triple assays. Distilled water and doramectin were used in larvae cultures as negative and positive controls, respectively. The results revealed a reduction of more than 95% of the infective larvae when M. piperita extracts were used in the concentrations of 115.9 and 196 mg/mL, and C. ambrosioides extract in the concentration of 110.6 mg/mL, supporting the effect of these extracts in the in vitro treatment of gastrointestinal nematodes of goats.