Phytochemical, antibacterial and antioxidant screening of Artemisia santolinifolia various parts

The current study was carried out to explore the phytochemical, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activities of the crude methanolic extract of A. santolinifolia Turcz. Ex Besser. The antioxidant activity was carried out by using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) assay, while methanolic extract displayed the highest scavenging activity (DPPH) was 61.31µg/ml on Artemisia santolinifolia root and the lowest (51.05µg/ml) was record for their leaves. Similarly, in (ABTS) the highest activity (89.16µg/ml) was recorded for roots of A. santolinifolia followed by leaves (68.14µg/ml). In low inhibitory concentration assay, the crude methanolic extracts showed significant inhibition against all tested microbes on different concentrations like 25 µg/ml, 50 µg/ml, and 100 µg/ml. The leaves extract of A. santolinifolia AsL showed MIC of 12.5µg/ml for B. subtilis, a gram-positive bacterium, 50µg/ml for gram positive bacteria S. aureus and 37.5 µg/ml for gram negative bacteria P. aeruginosa that is almost equal to the response of standard ciprofloxacin. Our current study revealed that Artemisia santolinifolia root (AsR) exhibited a significant antioxidant potential while AsL showed good antibacterial effect which is suggested to be used for treatment and management of different infectious diseases.

In silico and in vitro immunomodulatory studies on compounds of Lindelofia stylosa.

Lindolefia stylosa (Kar. and Kir.) is an important medicinal plant in Central and West Asia. Compounds 1 (ethyl lithospermate), 2 (methyl lithospermate), 3 (lithospermate B), 4 (rosmarinic acid), 5 (methyl rosmarinate), 6 (ethyl rosmarinate), 7 (3-O-feruloyl-6'-O-coumaroyl sucrose), 8 (3-O-feruloyl-6'-O-caffeoyl sucrose), 9 (3,6'-O-diferuloyl sucrose), 10 (3,6'-O-diferuloyl-1-kestose), 11 (3-O-feruloyl-6'-O-coumaroyl-1-kestose), 12 (3,6'-O-diferuloyl nystose), 13 (3-O-Feruloyl-6'-O-coumaroyl nystose), 14 (p-coumaric acid), 15 (ferulic acid), 16 (naphthalene glycoside (8-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside)), and 17 (4'-hydroxy-5-methoxy-6,7-methylenedioxyisoflavone), isolated from this plant, were evaluated for their ability to modulate the immune response. Studies included monitoring the effect on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, T-lymphocyte proliferation, and inhibition of four cytokines (IL-2, TNFα, IL-1ß, and IL-4). These cytokines play a major role in immune response modulation. Molecular docking studies on selected compounds were also conducted, which predict a potent activity of compounds 5 and 6 and moderate activity of compounds 1 and 2 as inhibitors of IL-2. Correlation between the predicted binding scores and the experimental results was found to be valid. Compound 5 was identified as the most potent IL-2 inhibitor in the series.

Kaurane-type diterpenoids from Chromoleana odorata, their X-ray diffraction studies and potent α-glucosidase inhibition of 16-kauren-19-oic acid.

A new diterpenoid, 15-angeloyloxy-16,17-epoxy-19-kauronic acid (1), along with five known metabolites, 16-kauren-19-oic acid (2), 6'-hydroxy-2',3',4,4'-tetramethoxychalcone (3), isosakuranetin (4), acacetin (5), and kaempferide (6) was isolated from the organic extracts of the roots of Chromoleana odorata. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic evidences. The structures of 1 and 2 were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies. Compound 2 exhibited significant α-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis.

Characterization and antiglycation activity of phenolic constituents from Viscum album (European Mistletoe).

4'-O-[beta-D-Apiosyl(1-->2)]-beta-D-glucosyl]-5-hydroxyl-7-O-sinapylflavanone (1), 3-(4-acetoxy-3,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl-2E-propenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 3-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxy)-phenyl-2E-propenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), 5,7-dimethoxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside flavanone (4), 4',5-dimethoxy-7-hydroxy flavanone (5), and 5,7-dimethoxy-4'-hydroxy flavanone (6), were isolated from the organic extracts of Viscum album L. (European Mistletoe). These compounds were studied for their anti-glycation and antioxidant properties. The structures of new compounds 1 and 2 were deduced on the basis of spectroscopic evidence.

Two new antioxidant phenylpropanoids from Lindelofia stylosa.

Two new phenylpropanoids were isolated from Lindelofia stylosa (Kar. and Kir.) and characterized as 4-hydroxy-N-{4-[(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enamido]butyl}benzamide (1) and 2-[3-hydroxy-4-(4-hydroxyphenoxy)phenyl]-1-(methoxycarbonyl)ethyl (E)-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate (2). Four known compounds, i.e. two phenylpropanoids, p-coumaric acid (=(E)-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid; 3) and ferulic acid (=(E)-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoic acid; 4), and two naphthalene glycosides, 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyltorachrysone (5) and 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-6-demethoxytorachrysone (6), were also isolated for the first time from the plant. Compounds 1-6 were subjected to various antioxidant assays, including DPPH radical- and superoxide anion-scavenging, and Fe(2+)-chelation assays. Compound 2 was found to be most active in all assays with potency nearly similar to that of propyl gallate. Besides 2, compounds 1 and 5 were also found to be active in DPPH radical-scavenging standard assay.