Mechanism of Huangqintang in Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis and Related Colon Cancer： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Ulcerative colitis （UC） is a chronic intestinal disease with unknown etiology， with main symptoms of abdominal pain， diarrhea， mucus， pus， and blood in the stool. It can be accompanied by various complications and has a high risk of developing to colon cancer. In recent years， the incidence of UC and related colon cancer has been increasing， which seriously affects human health and quality of life. The operation， immunosuppressant， etc. are the main approaches in the modern clinical treatment of UC and related colon cancer， but these methods all have different toxic and side effects， and the therapeutic effect is not ideal. For many years， traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has attracted much attention in the treatment of UC and related colon cancer due to its slightly toxic side effects and remarkable curative efficacy. Huangqintang， derived from the Shang Han Lun （伤寒论）， is composed of Scutellariae Radix， Paeoniae Radix Alba， Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma， and Jujubae Fructus with the functions of clearing heat， checking diarrhea， harmonizing the middle， and relieving pain， and has a significant effect on the treatment of UC. Huangqintang has complex compositions and plays roles with multiple targets and pathways. According to the literature and the research results of this research group for many years， it was found that the mechanism of Huangqintang in the treatment of UC and related colon cancer was presumably related to the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier， inhibition of inflammatory response， promotion of mitophagy， inhibition of oxidative stress， regulation of intestinal flora， cell cycle， and gene expression， suppression of cell proliferation， and promotion of apoptosis. To provide theoretical references for an in-depth study of the mechanism and clinical use of Huangqintang， this paper reviewed the research advances in recent years.

White Matter Damage in Major Depressive Disorder and TCM Treatment： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

At present， major depressive disorder （MDD） is highly prevalent with advanced neurological disorders as the main pathological manifestations. As the physiological function bearer of higher neural activity， gray matter has become the focus of MDD treatment. However， recent research has shown that white matter and gray matter are independent of each other in the central nervous system （CNS）， and their functions are integrated and linked. In addition to gray matter damage， white matter damage is also the core driving event of disease progression and determines the outcome of MDD. At the treatment level， the current drug treatment of MDD mainly focuses on gray matter repair， while ignoring the importance of white matter integrity for the treatment of the disease， which has become the weakness of the current treatment of MDD. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has good application potential in white matter repair. This paper elaborated on the following three aspects. ① The roles of white matter damage in the occurrence and development of MDD were summarized. ② The key link of white matter repair in MDD was elaborated with microglia microenvironment regulation as the entry point. ③ The application value of TCM in white matter repair in MDD was analyzed. This review aims to highlight the importance of white matter integrity in the treatment of MDD and is expected to expand the understanding dimension of the activity of related Chinese medicines in MDD from the perspective of white matter repair and analyze its potential application value.

Four Properties of Chinese Herbal Medicine： A Review / 中国实验方剂学杂志

The four properties of Chinese herbal medicine have a history of several thousand years and are one of the important theoretical guides for the clinical application of Chinese herbal medicine. However， there have been few reviews of research methods and techniques for the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine in recent years. Therefore， this article summarized the advances and techniques for the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine by screening relevant literature on the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine and clarifying the characteristics， advantages， and applicable objects of each technique， in order to provide references for in-depth research on the four properties in the future. Chinese databases such as China national knowledge infrastructure （CNKI）， Wanfang data， and VIP， as well as international databases including PubMed， Cochrane Library， and EMbase were searched for relevant literature on the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine. The advances， research objects， and research techniques involved in the literature were extracted， classified， and summarized. Currently， the research techniques for the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine mainly include six categories， i.e.， literature data research， network pharmacology， biothermodynamics， cell biology， proteomics， and metabolomics. The research hierarchy can be divided into micro-level， small-level， medium-level， and macro-level. The research objects used in each experimental study are different， mainly single Chinese herbal medicine， Chinese herbal monomers， targets， microbial communities， cells， mice， and rats. Different research techniques explain the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine from different dimensions， which overall indicate the material basis of the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine. In future research， the interpretation of the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine can be first located at the research hierarchy， then corresponding research techniques can be selected according to the research hierarchy， and research indicators can be determined to obtain research conclusions. This can help researchers of traditional Chinese medicine effectively carry out research design and perform related experiments on the four properties of Chinese herbal medicine.

Significance of high expression of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and potential intervention of tarditional Chinese medicine based on bioinformatics, molecular docking, and cell experiments / 中国中药杂志

This study aims to investigate the expression, prognosis, and clinical significance of C5orf46 in gastric cancer and to study the interaction between the active components of C5orf46 and tarditional Chinese medicine. The ggplot2 package was utilized for differential expression analysis of C5orf46 in gastric cancer tissues and normal tissues. The survival package was used for survival analysis, univariate regression analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Nomogram analysis was used to assess the connection between C5orf46 expression in gastric cancer and overall survival. The abundance of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was calculated by GSVA package. Coremine database, Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database and Analysis Platform(TCMSP) database, and PubChem database were used to search the potential components corresponding to C5orf46 gene and tarditional Chinese medicine. Molecular docking was performed to explore the binding affinity of potential components to C5orf46. Cell experiments were performed to explore the expression of C5orf46 gene in cells of the blank group, model group, and drug administration groups. As compared with normal tissues, C5orf46 expression was higher in gastric cancer tissues, which had more significant predictive effects in the early stages(T2, N0, and M0). The more advanced the tumor node metastasis(TNM) stage, the higher the C5orf46 expression and the lower the probability of survival of patients with gastric cancer. The expression of C5orf46 positively correlated with the helper T cells1 in gastric cancer and the macrophage infiltration level in gastric cancer, and negatively correlated with B cells, central memory T cells, helper T cells 17, and follicular helper T cells. Seven potential components of C5orf46 were obtained, and three active components were obtained after the screening, which matched five tarditional Chinese medicines, namely, Sojae Semen Nigrum, Jujubae Fructus, Trichosanthis Fructus, Silybi Fructus, and Bambusae Concretio Silicea. Molecular docking revealed that sialic acid and adeno-sine monophosphate(AMP) had a good binding ability to C5orf46. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR) and Western blot showed that, as compared with the model group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of C5orf46 were significantly lower in the drug administration groups. The lowest expression level was found at the concentration of 40 μmol·L~(-1). The results of this study provide ideas for the clinical development of traditional Chinese medicine compounds for the treatment of gastric cancer as well as other cancers.

Electroacupuncture Improves Blood-Brain Barrier and Hippocampal Neuroinflammation in SAMP8 Mice by Inhibiting HMGB1/TLR4 and RAGE/NADPH Signaling Pathways / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the beneficial effect of electroacupuncture (EA) in experimental models of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in vivo.@*METHODS@#Senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice were used as AD models and received EA at Yingxiang (LI 20, bilateral) and Yintang (GV 29) points for 20 days. For certain experiments, SAMP8 mice were injected intravenously with human fibrin (2 mg). The Morris water maze test was used to assess cognitive and memory abilities. The changes of tight junctions of blood-brain barrier (BBB) in mice were observed by transmission electron microscope. The expressions of fibrin, amyloid- β (Aβ), and ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (IBa-1) in mouse hippocampus (CA1/CA3) were detected by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), Western blot or immunohistochemical staining. The expression of fibrin in mouse plasma was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expressions of tight junction proteins zonula occludens-1 and claudin-5 in hippocampus were detected by qRT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining. Apoptosis of hippocampal neurons was detected by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining.@*RESULTS@#Fibrin was time-dependently deposited in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice and this was inhibited by EA treatment (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Furthermore, EA treatment suppressed the accumulation of Aβ in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice (P<0.01), which was reversed by fibrin injection (P<0.05 or P<0.01). EA improved SAMP8 mice cognitive impairment and BBB permeability (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, EA decreased reactive oxygen species levels and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus of SAMP8 mice, which was reversed by fibrin injection (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Mechanistically, EA inhibited the promoting effect of fibrin on the high mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE)/nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) signaling pathways (P<0.01).@*CONCLUSION@#EA may potentially improve cognitive impairment in AD via inhibition of fibrin/A β deposition and deactivation of the HMGB1/TLR4 and RAGE/NADPH signaling pathways.

Quantitative determination of multi-class bioactive constituents for quality control of Yiqi Jiangzhi Granules / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To establish a reliable and sensitive method for evaluating quality of Yiqi Jiangzhi Granules (YQJZG). Methods: Ultra performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS) was employed for simultaneous determination of eight marker components. Separation was performed on an AQUITY UPLC® HSS T3 column, the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile as the organic phase and 0.1% (volume percentage) formic acid as the aqueous. Eight marker components, ginsenoside Rg1 (GRg1), ginsenoside Re (GRe), ginsenoside Rb1 (Gb1), typhaneoside (TEO), isorhamnetin-3-O-neohespeidoside (IN), hesperidin (HPD), aurantio-obtusin-6-O-β-D-glucoside (AG) and curcumin (CCM), were detected by multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020 edition) was regarded as the guidance document for this method validation. Results: The method showed good linearity (R

Total Ginsenoside Extract from Panax ginseng Enhances Neural Stem Cell Proliferation and Neuronal Differentiation by Inactivating GSK-3β / 中国结合医学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To study the effects of total ginsenosides (TG) extract from Panax ginseng on neural stem cell (NSC) proliferation and differentiation and their underlying mechanisms.@*METHODS@#The migration of NSCs after treatment with various concentrations of TG extract (50, 100, or 200 µ g/mL) were monitored. The proliferation of NSCs was examined by a combination of cell counting kit-8 and neurosphere assays. NSC differentiation mediated by TG extract was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to monitor the expression of nestin and microtubule associated protein 2 (MAP2). The GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway in TG-treated NSCs was examined by Western blot assay. The NSCs with constitutively active GSK-3β mutant were made by adenovirus-mediated gene transfection, then the proliferation and differentiation of NSCs mediated by TG were further verified.@*RESULTS@#TG treatment significantly enhanced NSC migration (P<0.01 or P<0.05) and increased the proliferation of NSCs (P<0.01 or P<0.05). TG mediation also significantly upregulated MAP2 expression but downregulated nestin expression (P<0.01 or P<0.05). TG extract also significantly induced GSK-3β phosphorylation at Ser9, leading to GSK-3β inactivation and, consequently, the activation of the GSK-3β/β-catenin pathway (P<0.01 or P<0.05). In addition, constitutive activation of GSK-3β in NSCs by the transfection of GSK-3β S9A mutant was found to significantly suppress TG-mediated NSC proliferation and differentiation (P<0.01 or P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#TG promoted NSC proliferation and neuronal differentiation by inactivating GSK-3β.

The observation on the effect of Qiangshen Tongdu acupuncture combined with Baixiao moxibustion on lumbar disc herniation / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To observe the clinical effect of Qiangshen Tongdu acupuncture combined with Baixiao moxibustion on lumbar disc herniation.Methods:A total of 72 patients with lumbar disc herniation in the department were enrolled between January 2018 and March 2021. According to random number table method, they were divided into the observation group and control group, 36 in each group. The control group was treated with the routine treatment, while the observation group was treated with Qiangshen Tongdu acupuncture combined with Baixiao moxibustion. The changes in scores of TCM symptoms, pain remission, Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Oswestry disability index (ODI) and quality of life before and after treatment in both groups were observed and recorded.Results:After treatment, scores of all TCM symptoms in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group ( t values were 7.29, 2.75, 6.70, 3.33, P<0.01 or P<0.05), score of visual analogue scale was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t values were 2.11, 6.26, P<0.05 or P<0.01), scores of JOA and quality of life were significantly higher than those in the control group ( t=4.39, P<0.01), and ODI score was significantly lower than that in the control group ( t values were 4.74, 4.59, 5.93, 5.42, 4.68, 4.04, 4.73, 5.68, P<0.01). Conclusion:The application of Qiangshen Tongdu acupuncture combined with Baixiao moxibustion can relieve pain, improve clinical symptoms, lumbar function and quality of life in patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Xuebijing Injection Regulates Mitochondrial N-formyl Peptides/NLRP3 Inflammatory Pathway to Treat Severe Acute Pancreatitis in Rats / 中国实验方剂学杂志

ObjectiveTo investigate the therapeutic effect of Xuebijing injection （XBJ） on sodium taurocholate （Na-Tc）-induced severe acute pancreatitis （SAP） in rats. MethodForty rats were randomly assigned into 5 groups： sham operation group， SAP model group， and low-， medium-， and high-dose （4， 8， 12 mL·kg·d-1， respectively） XBJ groups. SAP model was established by retrograde injection of Na-Tc （1 mL·kg-1） into the biliary and pancreatic ducts. XBJ was injected intraperitoneally 3 days before and 0.5 h after modeling. The ascitic fluid volume and the pancreas weight-to-body weight ratio were measured. The pathological changes of pancreatic tissue were observed via hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining. The protein levels of formyl peptide receptor 1 （FPR1） and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor 3 （NLRP3） in pancreatic tissue were detected by immunohistochemistry. Western blot was employed to determine the expression levels of NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chains 1-6 （MT-ND1， MT-ND2， MT-ND3， MT-ND4， MT-ND5， and MT-ND6） in rat plasma. ResultCompared with sham operation group， the SAP model group showcased increased ascitic fluid volume and pancreas weight-to-body weight ratio （P<0.05）， serious lesions in pancreatic tissue， increased total pathological score （P<0.05）， and up-regulated protein levels of FPR1 and NLRP3 in pancreatic tissue （P<0.05）. The model group had lower MT-ND2 level （P<0.05） and higher MT-ND1， MT-ND3， and MT-ND6 levels in plasma （P<0.05） than the sham operation group， while MT-ND4 and MT-ND5 had no significant differences between the two groups. Compared with SAP model group， the XBJ treatment decreased ascitic fluid volume and pancreas weight-to-body weight ratio （P<0.01）， ameliorated pancreatic lesions， and down-regulated the protein levels of FPR1 and NLRP3 in pancreatic tissue （P<0.01）. The treatments， especially high-dose XBJ （P<0.01）， down-regulated the expression of MT-ND1 （P<0.01）， MT-ND3 （P<0.01）， MT-ND6 （P<0.01）， and MT-ND4 and did not change that of MT-ND5. ConclusionXBJ may antagonize partial mitochondrial N-formyl peptides and excessive inflammatory response mediated by FPR1/NLRP3 to treat SAP in rats.

Clinical study on 3% Diquafosol Sodium eye drops in treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

AIM: To observe the clinical effect of 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops in treatment of meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.METHODS: The study involved 280 patients totally with meibomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye in the ophthalmology department, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from May 2020 to May 2021. Patients were divided into the treatment group(160 cases with 320 eyes)and the control group(120 cases with 240 eyes)according to the randomized number table method. The control group was treated with YangXueRunMu formula combined with 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, the treatment group was treated with YangXueRunMu formula combined with 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops. Both groups were administered for 4wk. The following indicators were measured before and after treatment at 2 and 4wk, respectively: the ocular surface disease index(OSDI)score, Schirmer I test( SⅠt), comprehensive analysis of tear meniscus height(TMH), non-invasive tear film break-up time(NITBUT), meibomian gland lipid secretion of smooth degree scoring and meibomian gland loss rate score, the determination of interleukin-6(IL-6)in tears and the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α). The efficacy of these tests results was evaluated among these indicators.RESULTS: The overall effective rates of the treatment group and the control group were 95.6% and 81.7% respectively(P<0.05). After 2, 4wk of treatment, the ocular surface disease index(OSDI), NITBUT, meibomian gland lipid secretion scoring, meibomian gland loss rate score and the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in tears of two groups were significantly different than before treatment(P<0.05). and the treatment group was better than the control group; there was no difference between the SⅠt and TMH groups before and after treatment in the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION: The 3% diquafosol sodium eye drops can promote the normal secretion of meibomian gland by prolonging the homeostasis of the tear membrane, and it can also inhibit the release of inflammatory factors in tears in the treatment of blebomian gland dysfunction-related dry eye.

Chemical constituents of Scrophulariae Radix and their antitumor activities in vitro / 中国中药杂志

The present study investigated the chemical constituents of Scrophulariae Radix and their antitumor activities in vitro. The compounds in the ethyl acetate extract were separated and purified by conventional column chromatographies(such as silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS column) and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC), and their structures were identified by various spectral techniques such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) and mass spectrometry(MS). Twenty-three compounds were isolated and identified as benzyl-β-D-(3',6'-di-O-acetyl) glucoside(1), 5-O-p-methoxybenzoyl kojic acid(2), 5-O-methoxybenzoyl kojic acid(3), 7-O-methylbenzoyl kojic acid(4), 5-O-benzoyl kojic acid(5), methyl ferulate ethyl ether(6), trans-ferulic acid(7), trans-isoferulic acid(8), trans-caffeic acid(9), trans-caffeic acid methyl ester(10), caffeic acid ethyl ester(11), trans-cinnamic acid(12), trans-p-methoxycinnamic acid(13), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid(14), trans-p-hydroxycinnamic acid methyl ester(15), 2-(3,4-dihydroxyphenethyl) alcohol(16),(p-hydroxyphenyl) propanoic acid(17), coniferaldehyde(18), sinapaldehyde(19), benzyl β-primeveroside(20), 5-(hydroxymethyl) furfural(21), furan-2-carboxylic acid(22), and decanedioic acid(23). Among them, compound 1 is a new benzyl glucoside, compounds 2-4 are new pyranone compounds, compound 5 is a new natural product of pyranone. The NMR data of compounds 5 and 6 are reported for the first time. Compounds 6 and 20 were isolated from the Scrophularia plant for the first time. Compounds 8, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 22, and 23 were isolated from this plant for the first time. The in vitro cytotoxic activities of these compounds against three tumor cell lines(HepG2, A549, and 4 T1) were evaluated. The results showed that compounds 10 and 15 showed cytotoxic activities against HepG2 cells with IC_(50) values of(19.46±0.48) μmol·L~(-1) and(46.10±1.21) μmol·L~(-1).

Research on supervision strategy of high risk areas of hospital incorrupt government based on traditional chinese medical theory of preventing diseases / 中华医院管理杂志

In recent years, the frequency of corruption incidents in public hospitals in China has increased, and it is particularly important to strengthen the construction of hospital incorrupt politics. Based on the traditional chinese medical theory of preventing diseases, the author deeply discusse the prevention and control strategies in high-risk areas of public hospitals incorrupt from 3 aspects: prevention before disease onset, prevention of disease from exacerbating and prevention of recovery from relapse. Based on the common problems found in the political inspection of Beijing municipal health system and large-scale hospitals in the latest years, an incorrupt government risks list of high-risk areas in hospital had been sorted out; A tertiary hospital and its 4 entrusted hospitals were selected to conduct self-inspection on the key links of important power activities and authority behaviors in accordance with the incorrupt government risks list, and putting forward targeted supervision strategies for these problems. Since the implementation of supervision strategy for high-risk areas in the tertariy hospital and its 4 entrusted hospitals in May 2021, the number of letters and visits in the 5 aspects of medicine procurement, equipment procurement, consumables and reagents procurement, engineering construction and logistics service procurement were significantly reduced. Based on the traditional chinese medical theory of preventing diseases, the supervision strategy in high-risk areas could effectively improve the pertinence, operability and effectiveness of discipline inspection and supervision in hospital, and provide a reference for the construction of incorrupt government in public hospitals.

Different combinations of GABA, BMP7, and Activin A induced the in vitro differentiation of rat pancreatic ductal stem cells into insulin-secreting islet-like cell clusters.

AIMS: We investigated the in vitro differentiation of adult rat PDESCs into ß-like cells through supplementation of different combinations of GABA, BMP7, and Activin A in basic culture media. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The PDESCs were cultured using different inducement combinations for 28 days and microscopy, dithizone (DTZ) staining, immunohistochemical staining, real-time PCR, and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) assay were used to delineate the differentiation inducement potential of these combinations. KEY FINDINGS: The results show that after 28 days, the PDESCs were differentiated into ICCs containing insulin-secreting ß-like cells in different groups treated with A + B, A + G, B + G, and A + B + G but not in the control group. Upon DTZ staining the cells in ICCs were stained crimson red, demonstrating the presence of ß-like cells in ICCs and the immunohistochemistry showed the expression of Pdx1 and insulin in ICCs. Further, on 28 d the expression of Pdx1 and insulin mRNA was high in inducement groups as compared to the control group and ß-like cells in ICCs also secreted insulin and C-peptide upon glucose stimulation. Thus, the supplementation of GABA, BMP7, and Activin A in different combinations in basic culture media can induce the in vitro differentiation of PDESCs into ICCs containing ß-like cells. SIGNIFICANCE: The in vitro development of ß-like cells is a herald for cell therapy of diabetic patients and our results are a step closer towards finding the cure for diabetes.

Observation on analgesic effect of acupuncture combined with manipulation on cervicogenic headache / 中国骨伤

OBJECTIVE@#To compare therapeutic effects between nape acupuncture combined with manipulation and simple manipulation in treating cervicogenic headache, and to verify the synergistic effect of manipulation and nape acupuncture.@*METHODS@#Total 60 patients with cervicogenic headache were divided into two groups:nape acupuncture combined with manipulation group (group A) and manipulation group(group B). There were 30 patients in group A, including 12 males and 18 females with an average age of (41.37±12.09) years old, and an average course of disease of (23.73±15.54) months;there were 30 patients in the manipulation group (group B), including 14 males and 16 females with an average age of (42.40±12.05) years old, and an average course of disease of (25.53±14.33) months. In the group A, acupuncture therapy was performed firstly at the bilateral @*RESULTS@#There was no significant difference in the onset time of analgesia between the two groups[(5.97±3.21) min vs(7.30±3.97) min, @*CONCLUSION@#Nape needling can prolong the analgesic time of manipulation and improve the analgesic effect of manipulation.

Construction of "2R network pharmacology" research method for effective components of traditional Chinese medicine based on "prediction of dominant components-screening of potential targets" / 中国中药杂志

Chinese traditional medicine compound is the main form of Chinese medicine clinical application. The elucidation of the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine is one of the key scientific issues to promote the modernization of traditional Chinese medicine. At present, there are many research ideas on the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine compounds. By analyzing the current status and existing problems of existing research ideas, the author proposes a "double reduction network pharmacology"(2 R network pharmacology) research method based on "prediction of dominant components-potential target selection". Chemical components with good properties were selected by ADMET property prediction technology, and compared with the blood components and target organ components to determine the dominant components with potential therapeutic effect, that is "reducing constituents"; the potential core regulatory pathway of traditional Chinese medicine compound was enriched by RNA-Seq technology combined with network database, and then the target of traditional Chinese medicine compound was mined based on the signal pathway, that is "reducing targets". To improve the efficiency and accuracy of effective component screening, the network relationship of "component target" was established by the related technology of network pharmacology. The purpose of this study is to provide practical research ideas and methods for clarifying the effective components of traditional Chinese medicine, revealing the law of compatibility of traditional Chinese medicine and clarifying the target of drug action.

Study on scrophulariaceae radix reference extract and its application in quality control of Scrophulariae Radix / 中国中药杂志

By establishing the preparation process of Scrophulariaceae Radix reference extract(SRRE) and calibrating it, we discussed its feasibility as a substitute for single reference substance in the quality control of Scrophulariae Radix. The SRREs were prepared by solvent extraction method and chromatographic separation technology, and then calibrated with the reference substances of harpagide, angoroside C and harpagoside. The HPLC content determination method of Scrophulariae Radixl was established with SRREs of the known content and the reference substances of harpagide, angoroside C and harpagoside respectively as the control ones. Then the content of three components in Scrophulariae Radix was determined, and the t-test method was used to compare the results of the two methods. With SRRE as references, harpagide, angoroside C and harpagoside were in a good linear relationship(r≥0.999 8) within each range, and the average recovery rate was 98.55% to 100.6%. The t-test results showed that the P values of two determination methods were 0.493, 0.155 and 0.171 for harpagide, angoroside C and harpagoside respectively, indicating no significant diffe-rence between the two methods of content determination. The SRRE can be used as a substitute for the reference in the quality control of Scrophulariaceae Radix. The SRRE can replace the corresponding reference substance for the quality control of Scrophulariae Radix. The results of this study provide new methods and new ideas for the quality evaluation of Scrophulariae Radix, and provide a scientific basis for the application of reference extracts in the quality research of traditional Chinese medicine.

Calibration on chromone reference extract and application on quality control of Saposhnikoviae Radix / 中国中药杂志

The calibration of chromone reference extract(CRE) was conducted and a quality control method of Saposhnikoviae Radix(SR) was established based on CRE. Meanwhile, the quality control system of SR was improved and the feasibility of using reference extract as a substitute for single reference substance in quality control of Chinese medicine was discussed. In this study, the content of the prepared CRE was calibrated with prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, and secO-glucosylhamaudol as indicators. Subsequently, an HPLC analytical method was developed to determine the content of four chromones in 20 batches of SR samples based on the CRE with known content as the standard substance. T-test was used for the comparison of the determination results of the two methods(single chemical component and CRE as reference substances, respectively), and the P values of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin, cimifugin, 4'-O-β-D-glucosyl-5-O-methylvisamminol, and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol were 0. 16,0. 39, 0. 14, and 0. 42. The results demonstrated that there was no significant difference between the two methods. This study initially verified the feasibility that the CRE could be used as a substitute for single reference substance in quality control of SR. In conclusion,this study is expected to provide a scientific basis and a new research model for the application of reference extract in the quality control of Chinese medicine.

Review of systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy / 针灸推拿医学（英文版）

Objective: To review the systematic reviews of acupuncture for diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and to provide evidence for clinical decisions. Methods: Published systematic reviews targeting acupuncture treatment of DPN were searched using computer through both Chinese and English databases till July 1, 2019. Two researchers screened the papers based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and conducted report quality evaluation, methodological quality assessment and evidence quality grading using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), assessment of multiple systematic review 2 (AMSTAR 2) and grading of recommendations assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). Results: Ten systematic reviews were included, involving 11 outcome measures. According to PRISMA, 6 items were sufficiently reported while 1 item was not; AMSTAR 2 appraised that all the included systematic reviews were of low quality in the methodological evaluation; according to GRADE, of the 30 clinical evidences, only 5 were graded moderate while the remained were graded low or extremely low. Descriptive analysis showed that acupuncture can significantly improve DPN symptoms, accelerate the conduction velocities of sensory and motor nerves, and up-regulate the content of plasma nitric oxide (NO), while the adverse reaction rate was low. Conclusion: Acupuncture can produce satisfactory clinical efficacy in treating DPN, but the existing problems, such as low-quality evidence, unitary outcome measures, poor methodological quality of systematic reviews and nonstandard reporting, need to be treated cautiously; meanwhile, more high-quality clinical trials are required to elevate the level of evidence.

Mechanism study of Sanmiao Pill in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis based on serum metabolomics technology / 国际中医中药杂志

Objective:To study the anti-rheumatoid arthritis mechanism of Sanmiao Pill by using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Methods:The rats were randomly divided into control group, model group and medicated group based on weight, 8 rats in each group. The model group and medicated group were treated by intradermal injection of 0.1 ml complete Freund's adjuvant on buttock(s). Rats of medicated group were given Sanmiao Pill solution 0.054 g/ml by gavage, 1 ml/100 g based on weight from the 7th day of experiment for 7 days. And then to score the degree of feet swelling of rats. After 48 hours of the last medication, to collecte the blood samples for metabolic fingerprint analysis. Then analized and processed the non-targeted contour mass spectrometry data (Continuum model) with unsupervised principal component method; identified the maximum metabolic differences between rheumatoid arthritis rats and healthy rats by dimension reduction technic. The differential ions were screened and locked by supervised pattern recognition analysis. Finally, with the help of the automated analysis software database like HMDB, identifiedthe structures and analized the correlated metabolic pathway.Results:Compared with the model group, the swelling degree of the feet (2.01 ± 0.19 ml vs. 2.27 ± 0.30 ml) in medicated group significantly decreased ( P<0.01). The HMDB data shows that the metabolic profiles of rats were mainly distributed in the control group and the model group, which proved that the rheumatoid arthritis rats treated with Sanmiao Pill had a pullback trend, and the overall metabolic level has a healthy state. With this analysis, 20 blood biomarkers related to rheumatoid arthritis were obtained, which involved the metabolic pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, Glycine, Serine and Threonine metabolism, Alanine, Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid metabolism, Linoleic acid metabolism, Arachidonic acid metabolism. Conclusions:Sanmiao Pill has interventional effect on rheumatoid arthritis rats. The mechanism might be related with metabolic enzymes and metabolic pathways such as Alanine, Aspartic acid and Glutamic acid.

Comprehensive Evaluation of Quality of Hemerocallis Flava from Different Regions Based on Entropy TOPSIS Model Optimized by AHP Method / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To optimize the entropy TOPSIS model to evaluate the quality of Hemerocallis Flava from different regions,in order to provide a new evaluation method for the quality control of traditional Chinese medicine. Method:The entropy weight TOPSIS model optimized by analytic hierarchy process(AHP) method was used to analyze the quality of Hemerocallis Flava from 14 different regions, and a comprehensive evaluation index system for the quality of Hemerocallis Flava, which covered 3 layers (target layer,decision layer and index layer),and 10 indexes (corolla of Hemerocallis Flavathe's bud,pistils,stamens,peduncle length,extract,total ash,quercetin,β-rhamnocitrin,kaempferol,sitosterin) was established. Result:Qingyang showed the best quality of Hemerocallis Flava,which was followed by Weinan,and the lowest quality was found in Datong, Shanxi, and Xiaowan village, Sichuan. The results were consistent with the evaluation results of traditional empirical identification,suggesting the successful modeling. The contents of β-rhamnocitrin and kaempferol in Qingyang were 1.72 times and 2.74 times of those of Xiaowan village, Sichuan. There was no significant difference in other active ingredients from different regions. It was suggested that quercetin and kaempferol could be used as the identification and quality evaluation indexes of cauliflower. Conclusion:The entropy TOPSIS model based on the AHP method is clear,simple to use and easy to calculate, with distinct evaluation indexes. It is a practical,quick and effective comprehensive evaluation method for multi-objective decision analysis.