Modulating effect of vitamin D3 on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of doxorubicin in Drosophila melanogaster and in silico studies.

Vitamin D3 (VD3) deficiency increases DNA damage, while supplementation may exert a pro-oxidant activity, prevent viral infections and formation of tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity of VD3 alone or in combination with doxorubicin (DXR) using the Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test and the Epithelial Tumor Test, both in Drosophila melanogaster. For better understanding of the molecular interactions of VD3 and receptors, in silico analysis were performed with molecular docking associated with molecular dynamics. Findings revealed that VD3 alone did not increase the frequency of mutant spots, but reduced the frequency of mutant spots when co-administered with DXR. In addition, VD3 did not alter the recombinogenic effect of DXR in both ST and HB crosses. VD3 alone did not increase the total frequency of tumor, but significantly reduced the total frequency of tumor when co-administered with DXR. Molecular modeling and molecular dynamics between calcitriol and Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) showed a stable interaction, indicating the possibility of signal transduction between VD3 and EcR. In conclusion, under these experimental conditions, VD3 has modulatory effects on the mutagenicity and carcinogenicity induced by DXR in somatic cells of D. melanogaster and exhibited satisfactory interactions with the EcR.

Analysis of genotoxic effects on plants exposed to high traffic volume in urban crossing intersections.

A biological assessment of environmental quality was performed using the tropical plant species Tradescantia pallida (Rose) D.R. Hunt. var. purpurea exposed to different levels of air contamination in urban intersections with high volume of vehicle traffic. Air quality (average daily levels of particulate material in the PM1, 2.5, 10 fractions) and traffic volume in crossing intersections were monitored for 30 days before the collection of plants. Frequency of micronuclei and pollen abortivity in inflorescences collected at different intersections with gradual levels of traffic volume were evaluated as biomarkers of genotoxicity. In addition, the concentrations of bioaccumulated heavy metals in the leaves of the collected plants were also investigated. The proposed biological assessment model found a positive association between the environmental variables (traffic volume; concentration of particulate material) and biological effects (leaf concentration of Cr and Cd; micronucleus frequencies and pollen abortivity).

Alimentação larval de Melipona (Hymenoptera, Apidae): estudo individual das células de cria / Larval feeding of Melipona (Hymenoptera, Apidae): study of individual brood cells

Existem poucos estudos acerca da qualidade e da constituição do alimento larval das abelhas sem ferrão. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi acrescentar dados sobre as características do alimento larval, que embasem futuras pesquisas sobre a influência da alimentação das larvas na determinação de castas no gênero Melipona. Um favo recém construído foi retirado de uma colônia forte de Melipona scutellaris e o alimento de 25 alvéolos foram estudados em relação ao volume total de alimento, volume da camada superior e inferior, quantidade e concentração de proteínas eatividades enzimáticas. Ficou evidenciado que o número de variáveis na alimentação larval não se restringe ao volume total (CV=14,19%), mas também, à quantidade de proteínas da camada superior do alimento (CV=13,75%) e, principalmente, de pólen (CV=34,09%). O monitoramento dessas variáveis em diferentes estações do ano pode fornecer pistas sobre quais elementos da alimentação são refletidos na proporção de rainhas produzidas.

There are few studies on the quality and constitution of larval food of stingless bees. The present study was performed to increase the knowledge about the characteristics of larval food. This knowledge can be used in the future to investigate the influence of larval nourishment on the caste determination of Melipona. One recently built comb was removed from a strong colony of Melipona scutellaris and the larval food of 25 brood cells was studied individually. We analyzed the total volume of the larval food, the volume of its superior and inferior layers, the quantity and concentration of proteins, and also the enzymatic activities. The variation among the brood cells was very high, not only concerning the total volume of larval food (CV=14,19%), but also the quantity of proteins (CV=13,75%) and, mainly, the quantity of pollen (CV=34,09%). Monitoring these variables through different seasons can give an idea about which elements of larval food can be related to queen production.