RESUMEN
Resumo Este artigo teve como objetivo descrever o itinerário terapêutico das trabalhadoras rurais durante a pandemia de covid-19. Realizou-se um estudo qualitativo por meio da metodologia da história oral temática. Foram realizadas 15 entrevistas com trabalhadoras rurais pertencentes ao território da Estratégia da Saúde da Família (ESF) de um distrito municipal do interior de Minas Gerais. As narrativas foram submetidas à análise de conteúdo proposta por Bardin. Os resultados apontaram duas categorias: "Um caminho a percorrer: desvelando o contexto e a organização da ESF no território"; e "Entre medo e (des)atenção à saúde: visibilidade para as trajetórias das trabalhadoras rurais durante a pandemia de covid-19". Na primeira categoria, revelou-se o itinerário terapêutico das trabalhadoras rurais para a busca de cuidados na ESF do território, bem como a organização do serviço de saúde local. A segunda retratou a intensificação da desatenção à saúde para com as trabalhadoras rurais. Conclui-se que, no itinerário terapêutico das trabalhadoras rurais, a utilização da ESF do território se apresentou como rede preferencial, evidenciando a premência de fortalecimento da APS rural. A pandemia de covid-19 acentuou os dilemas para a busca de cuidados de saúde, revelando a urgência de ações de saúde para esse território.
Abstract This study aimed to describe the therapeutic itinerary of rural female workers during the COVID-19 pandemic. It is a qualitative study using oral history methodology. A total of 15 interviews were carried out with rural female workers belonging to the field of the Family Health Strategy (ESF in Portuguese) of a municipal district in the state of Minas Gerais. The narratives were subjected to content analysis following Bardin. The results pointed to two categories: "A way to go: revealing the context and the organization of ESF in the area;" and "Between fear and (lack of) health assistance: visibility for the trajectories of rural female workers during the COVID-19 pandemic." The first category demonstrated the therapeutic itinerary of rural female workers aiming to access health care in the ESF of their area besides the organization of local health service. The second category illustrated the intensified lack of assistance experienced by rural workers. In conclusion, the use of ESF represented the preferred network in the therapeutic itinerary of rural workers demonstrating the urgent action to strengthen Primary Health Care in rural areas. The COVID-19 pandemic stressed the challenges concerning the search of health assistance showing the urgency of health actions for this territory.
Asunto(s)
Salud Pública , Salud Rural , Ruta TerapéuticaRESUMEN
Objective: To understand the process of building culturally competent compassion in nurses who care for vulnerable populations. Method: This is a qualitative study of a "single case study" type, developed with 18 nurses who worked in an emergency care unit in the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, between October 2020 and January 2021. Data collection was performed through individual online or one-to-one interviews, following a semi-structured script. Data were treated following thematic content analysis, proposed by Bardin. All ethical precepts were taken into account. Results: After data analysis, the following categories were created: a) Looking within: the recognition of cultural identity; b) Paths to be taken: from the gap to cultural knowledge; c) Attentive listening as essential nursing care; d) Culturally competent compassion as an infinite opportunity for growth. Final considerations: Culturally competent compassion is a subjective, complex, and essential construct in holistic nursing care. When implemented successfully, we gain a significant improvement in the quality of healthcare provided to patients and their families as well as a decrease in social inequality, and the protection of human rights.
Asunto(s)
Competencia Cultural , Empatía , Humanos , Poblaciones Vulnerables , Investigación Cualitativa , Atención a la SaludRESUMEN
Introdução: A situação de saúde marcada pela elevada prevalência de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis revela a necessidade de reestruturar a atenção à saúde. Nesse sentido, serviços como o Programa Academia da Saúde (PAS) foram implantados na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) brasileira. Objetivo: Analisar, sob a perspectiva dos usuários, o PAS como oportunidade de redução das desigualdades de acesso às ações de promoção da saúde na APS. Método: Trata-se de estudo qualitativo realizado na primeira unidade do PAS implantada em Belo Horizonte-MG, com ingressantes no serviço entre 2007 a 2011. A coleta de dados foi realizada mediante entrevista semiestruturada. Realizaram-se descrição dos dados sociodemográficos e análise de conteúdo do tipo temática. Resultado: Ingressaram no PAS, entre 2007 e 2011, 1.059 usuários, a maioria mulheres, adultos de meia idade, com baixa renda e elevadas prevalências de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis. Na perspectiva dos usuários, o PAS possibilitou o acesso às ações de promoção da saúde na APS, oportunizando a construção de escolhas mais saudáveis e mudanças nos modos de viver, sobretudo relacionados à atividade física e alimentação adequada e saudável, promovendo o empoderamento dos usuários. No entanto, foram identificadas limitações na integração do PAS com a Unidade Básica de Saúde adstrita. Conclusão: O PAS tem potencial para favorecer o acesso às ações de promoção da saúde na APS, embora ainda seja necessária maior integração com os demais pontos de atenção à saúde visando fortalecer o cuidado integral em rede e as ações de promoção da saúde. (AU)
Introduction: The health situation outlined by a high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases reveals the need for restructuring health care. In this sense, services such as the Health Academy Program (herein PAS) were implemented in Brazilian Primary Health Care (PHC). Objective: To analyze, from the perspective of users, PAS as an opportunity to reduce unequal access to health promotion actions in PHC. Method: This is a qualitative study carried out at the first PAS unit implemented in Belo Horizonte-MG, with participants who started using the service between 2007 and 2011. Data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews. Sociodemographic data were described, and a thematic content analysis was carried out. Results: From 2007-2011, 1,059 users started attending PAS, most of them women, middle-aged adults with low income and high prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases. From the users' perspective, PAS allowed accessing health promotion actions in PHC, making it possible to develop healthier choices and changes in the way of life, mainly those related to physical activity and healthy eating, empowering users. However, limitations were identified in the integration between PAS and the assigned Basic Health Unit. Conclusion: PAS has the potential to foster access to health promotion actions in PHC, although greater integration with other health care points is still needed in order to strengthen integral care networking and health promotion actions. (AU)
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Atención Primaria de Salud , Prioridad del Paciente , Promoción de la Salud , Accesibilidad a los Servicios de Salud , Brasil , Ejercicio Físico , Equidad en el Acceso a los Servicios de Salud , Investigación Cualitativa , Integralidad en SaludRESUMEN
Phytotherapy is an emerging topic of health research, with particular focus on studying the efficiency of essential oils as antimicrobials. In this study, we investigated the in vitro and in vivo susceptibility of Staphylococcus strains isolated from newborns to Cymbopogon citratus oil. The in vitro susceptibility of the microorganisms to C. citratus essential oil was compared with the activities of standard antibiotics administered to newborns using disk diffusion and microdilution methods. For in vivo assessment, 30 Wistar rats were wounded and subjected to infection of Staphylococcus aureus strain DRJ080, followed by treatment with the antibiotic vancomycin, C. citratus, or carbopol polymer gel (control) for 11 days. S. aureus accounted for 23.36% of the 107 Staphylococcus sp. strains isolated. Both vancomycin and the essential oil of C. citratus inhibited the growth of all microorganisms in vitro. The minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations for the C. citratus oil were 0.625 mg/mL in all strains tested. The oil had the same therapeutic effectiveness as vancomycin against S. aureus DRJ080 in rats. Thus, Staphylococcus strains of newborns are sensitive to C. citratus oil, both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating its potential as an antibiotic alternative.
Asunto(s)
Antibacterianos/farmacología , Cymbopogon/química , Aceites Volátiles/farmacología , Staphylococcus/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Antibacterianos/aislamiento & purificación , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo Neonatal , Masculino , Aceites Volátiles/aislamiento & purificación , Fitoterapia , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/epidemiología , Infecciones Estafilocócicas/microbiología , Staphylococcus/aislamiento & purificación , Staphylococcus aureus/efectos de los fármacos , Staphylococcus aureus/aislamiento & purificación , Vancomicina/farmacologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the practice of nurses in home care, considering the mediation of care by reflexivity. METHOD: Unique, qualitative case study, anchored in the dialectical framework. The participants were 13 nurses who work in home care in Minas Gerais. Data were obtained by participant observation and interview, and submitted to critical discourse analysis. RESULTS: Nursing care at home involves the repetitions of everyday actions and a degree of unpredictability. Reflexivity, according to Schön's theoretical framework, emerges as a component of professional practice that leads to the practice of care as a continuous assessment of work, and also to reflection on the challenges imposed by conflicting situations. Reflexivity also stems from professionals' search for improvements in their practices. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: We identified the presence of actions and knowledge mobilized by the reflexivity of the nurse in the home care setting. The following were the elements of this reflexive practice: knowing-in-action, reflection-in-action and reflection reflection-in-action.
Asunto(s)
Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio/tendencias , Manipulaciones Musculoesqueléticas/enfermería , Humanos , Manipulaciones Musculoesqueléticas/tendencias , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the practice of nurses in home care, considering the mediation of care by reflexivity. Method: Unique, qualitative case study, anchored in the dialectical framework. The participants were 13 nurses who work in home care in Minas Gerais. Data were obtained by participant observation and interview, and submitted to critical discourse analysis. Results: Nursing care at home involves the repetitions of everyday actions and a degree of unpredictability. Reflexivity, according to Schön's theoretical framework, emerges as a component of professional practice that leads to the practice of care as a continuous assessment of work, and also to reflection on the challenges imposed by conflicting situations. Reflexivity also stems from professionals' search for improvements in their practices. Final considerations: We identified the presence of actions and knowledge mobilized by the reflexivity of the nurse in the home care setting. The following were the elements of this reflexive practice: knowing-in-action, reflection-in-action and reflection reflection-in-action.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Analizar la práctica de enfermería en la atención a domicilio, desde la mediación del cuidado por la reflexividad. Método: Estudio de caso único, cualitativo, en base de la dialéctica referencial. Han participado 13 enfermeras que trabajan en la atención domiciliaria en Minas Gerais, Brasil. En la recolección de datos se utilizó la observación participante y las entrevistas, pasando a un análisis crítico del discurso. Resultados: El cuidado de enfermería a domicilio consiste en repeticiones de acciones cotidianas e imprevisibilidad. La reflexividad, desde el marco teórico de Schön, emerge como un componente de la práctica profesional que conduce al logro del cuidado en una evaluación continua del trabajo y la reflexión sobre los desafíos que enfrentan con situaciones conflictivas y la búsqueda de la mejora en sus prácticas. Consideraciones finales: Se identificaron la presencia de quehaceres y saberes influidos por la reflexividad en la enfermería a domicilio, y los siguientes elementos de la práctica reflexiva: el conocimiento-en-la-acción, la reflexión-en-la-acción y su reflexión.
RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a prática de enfermeiras na atenção domiciliar, considerando a realização do cuidado mediado pela reflexividade. Método: Estudo de caso único, qualitativo, ancorado no referencial dialético. Participaram 13 enfermeiras que atuam na atenção domiciliar em Minas Gerais. Os dados foram obtidos por observação participante e entrevista e submetidos à análise de discurso crítica. Resultados: O cuidado da enfermeira no domicílio é composto por repetições de ações cotidianas e pela imprevisibilidade. A reflexividade, segundo referencial teórico de Schön, emerge como um componente da prática profissional que leva à realização do cuidado em uma avaliação contínua do trabalho e da reflexão acerca dos desafios diante de situações conflitantes e da busca de melhoria em suas práticas. Considerações finais: Identificou-se a presença de fazeres e saberes mobilizados pela reflexividade da enfermeira no domicílio, e os seguintes elementos de uma prática reflexiva: o conhecer-na-ação, a reflexão-na-ação e a reflexão sobre este último.
Asunto(s)
Humanos , Manipulaciones Musculoesqueléticas/enfermería , Servicios de Atención de Salud a Domicilio/tendencias , Manipulaciones Musculoesqueléticas/tendencias , Investigación CualitativaRESUMEN
The authors describe a 47-year-old man infected with human immunodeficiency virus admitted for ascites and weight loss. Ascitic fluid analysis revealed chylous ascites (triglycerides 444 mg/dl) with negative microbiological tests. Neoplasia, cardiac disease and liver cirrhosis were excluded after an extensive diagnostic workout. Exploratory laparotomy with tissue sampling did not clarify ascites etiology. During hospital admission, patient status gradually deteriorated, severe malnutrition developed and ascites became refractory to diuretics. Total parenteral nutrition and octreotide therapy were started and maintained for 3 weeks with ascites resolution and no relapse after oral diet resumption. Chylous ascites is a rare entity with several causes that compromise intra-abdominal lymphatic drainage. This case illustrates the difficulty in establishing etiology in some patients and the effectiveness of total parenteral nutrition plus octreotide therapy in idiopathic chylous ascites in HIV-infected patients.