RESUMEN
There existed a deficiency in the research on the nutritional activities of microbial (yeast) active substances in antioxidant and anti-aging activities, although the research objects were concentrated in animals and plants in recent years. In this study, the anti-oxidant and anti-aging activities of protein-rich yeast extract (®fermgard) (YE) were investigated through Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). The results indicated that YE could improve the lifespan and anti-stress ability by up-regulating the activities of antioxidant enzymes in C. elegans. Meanwhile, the mRNA transcriptional level of daf-16, skn-1 and sod-3 was significantly up-regulated. In addition, the composition and level of the gut microbiota and metabolite were modulated. YE exerts antioxidant and anti-aging activities by regulating the expression of anti-oxidation-related mRNA, gut microbiota and metabolites in C. elegans, providing a basis for exploring the deep mechanism of YE improving health. At the same time, it provides new ideas for the development of functional foods.
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/genética , Proteínas de Caenorhabditis elegans/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Envejecimiento , Longevidad , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead/metabolismo , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismoRESUMEN
Nowadays, cancer is one of the most serious diseases threatening the health of human beings, and imaging-guided photothermal therapy (PTT) is rapidly emerging as a potent oncotherapy strategy due to its unique advantages of high efficiency, noninvasiveness, visualization, and accuracy. In this study, a multifunctional nanoplatform based on gadolinium ion chelated natural anthocyanins (ACNs) is reported, which can be used not only as an excellent photoacoustic/magnetic resonance (PA/MR) dual-modal contrast agent but also for imaging-guided tumor PTT. The nanoparticles obtained have a suitable size, good dispersity, and physiological stability. The excellent biocompatibility and remarkable photothermal effect of the nanoparticles in vitro were demonstrated by CCK-8 assays and co-staining experiments. Moreover, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) results obtained in vivo showed that the nanoparticles were ideal dual-modal contrast agents whether given by intravenous or intratumoral injection. After intratumoral injection, the dual-modal PAI/MRI was used for determining the maximum diffusion time of the probe in the tumor site to guide laser treatment, achieving complete tumor elimination without normal tissue injury. Importantly, ACN is a natural compound extracted from black carrots, possessing native biocompatibility and biodegradability, which was further proved by the results of the detailed safety evaluation. Overall, the as-prepared nanoparticles displayed significant tumor diagnosis and treatment effects while mitigating biosafety concerns, and thus this was found to be a promising nanotherapeutic method for cancer treatment.
Asunto(s)
Antocianinas/química , Materiales Biocompatibles/química , Nanopartículas/química , Terapia Fototérmica/métodos , Animales , Materiales Biocompatibles/farmacología , Materiales Biocompatibles/uso terapéutico , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Femenino , Gadolinio/química , Hipertermia Inducida , Rayos Láser , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Nanopartículas/toxicidad , Neoplasias/terapia , Técnicas Fotoacústicas , Nanomedicina TeranósticaRESUMEN
We studied the long-term influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on the pancreas of offspring and the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) on offspring's pancreas. GDM offspring were divided into three groups: GDM offspring, n-3 PUFA-adequate-GDM offspring, and n-3 PUFA-deficient GDM offspring. All healthy and GDM offspring were fed up to 11 months old. The pancreas of GDM offspring exhibited fatty infiltration at 11 months old, whereas n-3 PUFA improved the pancreatic fatty infiltration. n-3 PUFA lowered the pancreatic oxidative stress and inflammation. Surprisingly, n-3 PUFA postponed pancreatic telomere shortening of GDM offspring at old age. Nontargeted metabolomics showed that many metabolites were altered in the pancreas of GDM offspring at old age, including l-valine, ceramide, acylcarnitines, tocotrienol, cholesteryl acetate, and biotin. n-3 PUFA modulated some altered metabolites and metabolic pathways. Therefore, GDM caused the long-term effects on offspring's pancreas, whereas n-3 PUFA played a beneficial role.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Gestacional/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Páncreas/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/tratamiento farmacológico , Animales , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Grasas/metabolismo , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Metabolómica , Páncreas/química , Embarazo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Telómero/metabolismoRESUMEN
The long-term influence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on offspring and the effect of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) on GDM offspring are poorly understood. We studied the long-term diabetic risk in GDM offspring and evaluated the effect of n-3 PUFA intervention. Healthy offspring rats were fed standard diet (soybean oil) after weaning. GDM offspring were divided into three groups: GDM offspring (soybean oil), n-3 PUFA adequate offspring (fish oil), and n-3 PUFA deficient offspring (safflower oil), fed up to 11 months old. The diabetic risk of GDM offspring gradually increased from no change at weaning to obvious impaired glucose and insulin tolerance at 11 months old. N-3 PUFA decreased oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver of older GDM offspring. There was a differential effect of n-3 PUFA and n-6 PUFA on hepatic telomere length in GDM offspring. Non-targeted metabolomics showed that n-3 PUFA played a modulating role in the liver, in which numerous metabolites and metabolic pathways were altered when GDM offspring grew to old age. Many metabolites were related to diabetes risk, such as α-linolenic acid, palmitic acid, ceramide, oxaloacetic acid, tocotrienol, tetrahydro-11-deoxycortisol, andniacinamide. In summary, GDM offspring exhibited obvious diabetes risk at old age, whereas n-3 PUFA decreased this risk.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus/prevención & control , Diabetes Gestacional/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Hígado/metabolismo , Efectos Tardíos de la Exposición Prenatal , Acortamiento del Telómero , Telómero/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Animales , Diabetes Mellitus/genética , Diabetes Mellitus/metabolismo , Diabetes Gestacional/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Femenino , Masculino , Embarazo , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Riesgo , Telómero/genética , Factores de TiempoRESUMEN
We aimed to investigate the change of serum metabolomics in response to n-3 fatty acid supplements in Chinese patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In a double-blind parallel randomised controlled trial, 59 Chinese T2D patients were randomised to receive either fish oil (FO), flaxseed oil (FSO) or corn oil capsules (CO, served as a control group) and followed up for 180 days. An additional 17 healthy non-T2D participants were recruited at baseline for cross-sectional comparison between cases and non-cases. A total of 296 serum metabolites were measured among healthy controls and T2D patients before and after the intervention. Serum 3-carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoate (CMPF) (P-interaction = 1.8 × 10(-7)) was the most significant metabolite identified by repeated-measures ANOVA, followed by eicosapentaenoate (P-interaction = 4.6 × 10(-6)), 1-eicosapentaenoylglycerophosphocholine (P-interaction = 3.4 × 10(-4)), docosahexaenoate (P-interaction = 0.001), linolenate (n-3 or n-6, P-interaction = 0.005) and docosapentaenoate (n-3, P-interaction = 0.021). CMPF level was lower in T2D patients than in the healthy controls (P = 0.014) and it was significantly increased in the FO compared with CO group (P = 1.17 × 10(-7)). Furthermore, change of CMPF during the intervention was negatively correlated with change of serum triglycerides (P = 0.016). In conclusion, furan fatty acid metabolite CMPF was the strongest biomarker of fish oil intake. The association of CMPF with metabolic markers warrants further investigation.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , Aceite de Maíz/administración & dosificación , Estudios Transversales , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Femenino , Aceites de Pescado/administración & dosificación , Furanos/sangre , Humanos , Aceite de Linaza/administración & dosificación , Masculino , Metabolómica , Persona de Mediana Edad , Propionatos/sangre , Triglicéridos/sangreRESUMEN
SCOPE: To investigate the effects of n-3 fatty acid supplements, both marine and plant-based, on glycemic traits in Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. METHOD AND RESULTS: In a double-blind randomized controlled trial, 185 recruited Chinese type 2 diabetes patients were randomized to either fish oil (FO, n = 63), flaxseed oil (FSO, n = 61), or corn oil group (served as control group, n = 61) for 180 days. The patients were asked to take corresponding oil capsules (four capsules/day), which totally provided 2 g/day of eicosapentaenoic acid + docosahexaenoic acid in FO group and 2.5 g/day of alpha-linolenic acid in FSO group. No group × time interaction was observed for homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance, fasting insulin, or glucose. Significant group × time interaction (P = 0.035) was observed for glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), with HbA1c decreased in FO group compared with corn oil group (P = 0.037). We also found significant group × time interactions for lipid traits, including LDL cholesterol (P = 0.043), total cholesterol (P = 0.021), total cholesterol/HDL cholesterol (P = 0.009), and triacylglycerol (P = 0.003), with the lipid profiles improved in FO group. No significant effects of FSO on glycemic traits or blood lipids were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Marine n-3 PUFA supplements may improve glycemic control and lipid profiles among Chinese type 2 diabetic patients.
Asunto(s)
Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/dietoterapia , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Aceite de Linaza/farmacología , Anciano , Pueblo Asiatico , LDL-Colesterol/sangre , Aceite de Maíz/farmacología , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/sangre , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Docosahexaenoicos/sangre , Método Doble Ciego , Ácido Eicosapentaenoico/sangre , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
Epidemiological studies have demonstrated inconsistent associations between tea consumption and mortality of all cancers, CVD and all causes. To obtain quantitative overall estimates, we conducted a dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. A literature search in PubMed and Embase up to April 2015 was conducted for all relevant papers published. Random-effects models were used to calculate pooled relative risks (RR) with 95 % CI. In eighteen prospective studies, there were 12 221, 11 306 and 55 528 deaths from all cancers, CVD and all causes, respectively. For all cancer mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 1·06 (95 % CI 0·98, 1·15) and 0·79 (95 % CI 0·65, 0·97), respectively. For CVD mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 0·67 (95 % CI 0·46, 0·96) and 0·88 (95 % CI 0·77, 1·01), respectively. For all-cause mortality, the summary RR for the highest v. lowest category of green tea and black tea consumption were 0·80 (95 % CI 0·68, 0·93) and 0·90 (95 % CI 0·83, 0·98), respectively. The dose-response analysis indicated that one cup per d increment of green tea consumption was associated with 5 % lower risk of CVD mortality and with 4 % lower risk of all-cause mortality. Green tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with CVD and all-cause mortality, whereas black tea consumption was significantly inversely associated with all cancer and all-cause mortality.