Utilization of Sunflower Oil-based Oleogel forDeep-Fried Coated Chicken Products.

This study aimed to examine the effect of using oleogel as a frying medium on the quality of coated and deep-fried chicken products. Sunflower oil-based oleogels prepared with 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 2% carnauba wax were produced for deep frying of coated chicken products and were compared to sunflower and commercial frying oil based on palm oil. The increased carnauba wax concentration in the oleogel decreased the pH, oil, oil absorbance and TBARS value of coated chicken (p < 0.05). Samples deepfried with oleogels containing 1.5% and 2% carnauba wax had the lowest pH values. In addition, since the oil absorption during deep-frying was significantly reduced in these groups (1.5 and 2%), the fat contents of coated products were also lower (p < 0.05). The use of oleogel as a frying medium did not cause a significant change in the color values of the coated chicken products. However, the increased carnauba wax concentration in the oleogel increased the hardness of coated chicken (p < 0.05). As a result, sunflower oilbased oleogels with a carnauba wax content of 1.5% and higher which is healthier in terms of saturated fat content can be used as frying media and can be improved the quality of coated and deep-fried chicken products.

The Global Phosphorylation Landscape of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.

The causative agent of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected millions and killed hundreds of thousands of people worldwide, highlighting an urgent need to develop antiviral therapies. Here we present a quantitative mass spectrometry-based phosphoproteomics survey of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Vero E6 cells, revealing dramatic rewiring of phosphorylation on host and viral proteins. SARS-CoV-2 infection promoted casein kinase II (CK2) and p38 MAPK activation, production of diverse cytokines, and shutdown of mitotic kinases, resulting in cell cycle arrest. Infection also stimulated a marked induction of CK2-containing filopodial protrusions possessing budding viral particles. Eighty-seven drugs and compounds were identified by mapping global phosphorylation profiles to dysregulated kinases and pathways. We found pharmacologic inhibition of the p38, CK2, CDK, AXL, and PIKFYVE kinases to possess antiviral efficacy, representing potential COVID-19 therapies.

A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing.

A newly described coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected over 2.3 million people, led to the death of more than 160,000 individuals and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are no antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19, nor are there any vaccines that prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2, and efforts to develop drugs and vaccines are hampered by the limited knowledge of the molecular details of how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells. Here we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins that physically associated with each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins using affinity-purification mass spectrometry, identifying 332 high-confidence protein-protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Among these, we identify 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds (of which, 29 drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 12 are in clinical trials and 28 are preclinical compounds). We screened a subset of these in multiple viral assays and found two sets of pharmacological agents that displayed antiviral activity: inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. Further studies of these host-factor-targeting agents, including their combination with drugs that directly target viral enzymes, could lead to a therapeutic regimen to treat COVID-19.

Experimental evaluation of the effects of Ankaferd Blood Stopper and collagenated heterologous bone graft on bone healing in sinus floor augmentation.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of collagenated heterologous bone graft (CHBG) and Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS), a plant extract, on bone healing after sinus floor augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-six New Zealand rabbits were used. Bilateral sinus augmentation was performed, and 72 bone defects were created. The maxillary sinuses were grafted with four different biomaterials: blood clot (control group), CHBG (Apatos Mix, OsteoBiol, Tecnoss) (graft group), ABS (ABS group), and ABS + CHBG (ABS+graft group). The rabbits were sacrificed at 1, 4, and 8 weeks after surgery. Histochemical and immunohistochemical examinations were performed on all samples. Staining with hematoxylin-eosin and Masson trichrome was performed, and bone marker activity was evaluated. RESULTS: Lymphocyte infiltration was high at the first week in all groups and decreased from 1 to 8 weeks. All materials were biocompatible. Osteoclast numbers increased in the control group from 1 to 8 weeks and decreased in the other groups. There was no new bone formation in week 1 in all groups. New bone formation increased in all groups from 1 to 8 weeks, and at the fourth week, new bone formation was greater in the ABS and ABS+graft groups than in the other groups. There were osteoclasts around the bone graft materials, but degeneration of the graft was seen only in the ABS+graft group at week 8. CONCLUSION: ABS accelerates bone healing in sinus augmentation procedures and can be used alone or with CHBG. CHBG has osteoconductive properties, and ABS can accelerate bone graft degeneration.