[Tracheal intubation in prehospital resuscitation: importance of rapid-sequence induction anesthesia]. / Intubation [correction of Induction] trachéale en réanimation préhospitalière: intérêt de l'induction anesthésique à séquence rapide.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate complications of emergency endotracheal intubation (EEI), possibly facilitated by rapid-sequence induction, in the prehospital critical care setting: 1) the difficulty of intubation; 2) the cardiorespiratory consequences of intubation; 3) the relationship between the occurrence of complications and prognosis. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective non randomized, open study. PATIENTS: All patients treated over a 5-month period by a physician-manned ambulance service and requiring EEI. METHODS: Patients were allocated either in with cardiac arrest (CA) group or a group with maintained spontaneous circulation (SC). Difficulty of intubation was assessed by the number of attempts. RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-four consecutive EEI were carried out by physicians (46%) and residents (38%) not trained in anaesthesia, anaesthetists (8%), or nurse anaesthetists (7%). Trachea was intubated after a maximum of three attempts in all patients. Success rate at the first attempt was 91%. It was 92% in CA patients (n = 76) and 90% in SC patients (P = 0.59). Anaesthetic induction, with (n = 112) or without (n = 12) succinylcholine, was used to facilitate 84% of intubations in SC patients. Complications occurred in 30 patients (20%). There was no relationship between the latter and hospital mortality, duration of ventilatory support, duration of stay in the intensive care unit. CONCLUSION: In this study, EEI in SC patients was frequently facilitated by rapid sequence induction and was associated with a high success rate at the first attempt, as in CA patients. Morbidity was low. All physicians involved in emergency airway management should be skilled in this technique.

[Cyanide poisoning. Priority to symptomatic treatment. 25 cases]. / Intoxication cyanhydrique. Primauté du traitement symptomatique. Vingt-cinq observations.

A retrospective study of 25 cases of cyanide poisoning has brought to light the following points: cardiorespiratory arrests are frequent (7/25) and often inaugural; in severe intoxications (7/25), deep metabolic acidosis is the rule, and cyanide poisoning should always be suspected in cases of coma with severe acidosis; mild intoxications are frequently symptomless. Anxiety and agitation should not be considered as evidence of cyanide poisoning; they are merely due to fear in most cases. The present treatment of acute cyanide poisoning relies basically on symptomatic measures: sodium bicarbonate, cardiac massage and, above all, assisted ventilation with 100% oxygen. Our experience does not support the concept of a lethal cyanide blood level when patients can rapidly be transferred by a medical team to an intensive care unit. Survival depends more on prompt medical care than on the accessibility to sophisticated antidotes.