Multifunctional nanomedicines-enabled chemodynamic-synergized multimodal tumor therapy via Fenton and Fenton-like reactions.

Chemodynamic therapy (CDT) is well-known for using the tumor microenvironment to activate the Fenton reaction or Fenton-like reaction to generate strong oxidative hydroxyl radicals for tumor-specific treatment. It is highly selective and safe, without depth limitation of tissue penetration, and shows its potential as a new green therapeutic method with great clinical application. However, the catalytic efficiency of reagents involved in the Fenton reaction is severely affected by the inherent microenvironmental limitations of tumors and the strict Fenton reaction-dependent conditions. With the increasing application of nanotechnology in the medical field, combined therapies based on different types of functional nanomaterials have opened up new avenues for the development of next-generation CDT-enhanced system. This review will comprehensively exemplify representative results of combined therapies of CDT with other antitumor therapies such as chemotherapy, phototherapy, sonodynamic therapy, radiation therapy, magnetic hyperthermia therapy, immunotherapy, starvation therapy, gas therapy, gene therapy, oncosis therapy, or a combination thereof for improving antitumor efficiency from hundreds of the latest literature, introduce strategies such as the ingenious design of nanomedicines and tumor microenvironment regulations to enhance the combination therapy, and further summarize the challenges and future perspective of CDT-based multimodal anticancer therapy.

Changes in Plasma Lipid Levels and Antioxidant Activities in Rats after Supplementation of Obtusifolin.

Obtusifolin, an anthraquinone from Cassia obtusifolia seeds, has been reported to reduce blood lipid levels in diabetic rats induced by streptozocin. However, it remains unclear whether obtusifolin possesses a lipid-lowering effect on hyperlipidemia caused by a high-fat diet. Moreover, hyperlipidemia is known to impair the endothelial function by causing oxidative stress. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the antidyslipidemic and antioxidant effects of obtusifolin in hyperlipidemic rats induced by a high-fat diet. Rats with oral fat emulsion were used as our hyperlipidemic model. We measured the body weight of the rats, serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, as well as nitric oxide, malondialdehyde, and superoxide dismutase. Our results showed that oral obtusifolin application significantly reversed the changes induced by hyperlipidemia in body weight, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, obtusifolin treatment increased serum superoxide dismutase and nitric oxide, but reduced malondialdehyde. Collectively, our findings suggest that obtusifolin may improve hyperlipidemia by enhancing antioxidant activity. This study indicates a potential therapeutic importance of obtusifolin for ameliorating lipid dysfunction induced by a high-fat diet.