Vitellaria paradoxa nutshells from seven sub-Saharan countries as potential herbal medicines for treating diabetes based on chemical compositions, HPLC fingerprints and bioactivity evaluation / 中国天然药物

The aim of the study was to determine the feasibility of the Vitellaria paradoxa nutshell as a new medicinal resource for treating diabetes. A total of forty-one compounds were identified by HPLC-DAD-Q-TOF-MS and phytochemical methods in V. paradoxa nutshell methanol extract. Based on HPLC fingerprints, four characteristic constituents were quantified and the origin of twenty-eight V. paradoxa nutshells from seven sub-Saharan countries was compared, which were classified into three groups with chemometric method. Twenty-eight samples contained high total phenolic content, and exhibited moderate-higher antioxidant activity and strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Furthermore, all fractions and isolated compounds were evaluated for their antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities, and α-glucosidase inhibitory action mechanism of four characteristic constituents including protocatechuic acid, 3, 5, 7-trihydroxycoumarin, (2R, 3R)-(+)-taxifolin and quercetin was investigated via molecular docking method, which were all stabilized by hydrogen bonds with α-glucosidase. The study provided an effective approach to waste utilization of V. paradoxa nutshell, which would help to resolve waste environmental pollution and provide a basis for developing potential herbal resource for treating diabetes.

Morphological and TLC identification on Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos / 中国中药杂志

Tibetan medicine Asteris Flos is the flowers of Aster souliei, A. flaccidus, and A. asteroides, with the function of clearing away heat and toxic matter, relieving cough, and removing phlegm. In order to control the quality of Asteris Flos, the morphological and chemical methods were established for identification of three origins. The morphological features of three species were described and photographed, and the microscopic characteristics of three drug powders were also described in detail and pictured. The results showed that three origins of Asteris Flos could be easily distinguished by their macro- and micro-morphologic features, and a key for distinguishing the three origins was given. Moreover, a TLC method, with apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucurono pyranoside and chlorogenic acid as chemical references, was also established for the identification of three origins. The results showed that the TLC chromatograms of the flowers of A. souliei and A. flaccidus were very similar, but different from that of A. asteroides. The established macroscopic, powder microscopic and TLC methods for identification of three origins of AF were simple, accurate, and reproducible, and also effective and easy to operate.

Microscopic and polariscopic characteristics of 30 medicinal plants of Polygonum / 药学学报

Polygonum L. s. str., belonging to Polygonaceae family, is a big genus with abundant medicinal plants. More than 10 plants are specified in Chinese Pharmacopoeia and many local medicinal standards and over 50 species are used as folk medicines. Owing to the similar morphologies and very small flowers and fruits, they are uneasily identified and often confused with each other and misused clinically. In order to provide a basis for identification of Polygonum s. str. plants, a histological study on stems and leaves of 30 species from Polygonum was undertaken by a routine/polarized light microscopy for the first time. The results showed that: (1) the transverse sections of stems of Polygonum are relatively similar, sclerenchyma such as xylem and fibres with strong polarization effects; (2) the surface views of leaves of Polygonum are distinguishable on distributions and types of stomata, with or without attachments (such as glandular hairs/scales or non-glandular hairs) and the polariscopic features of epidermal cell walls, stomata and cell contents. Observed under polarized light, it was found for the first time that stomata on leaf surface of some plants have a Maltese-cross effect with the arms of the cross intersecting at the stomatal opening. As a result, a key combining the microscopic and polariscopic characteristics of the stems as well as leaves was provided for identifying the 30 medicinal plants of Polygonum. The polarized light microscopic method was proven to be one of the quick, simple and effective techniques for the identification of medicinal plants and botanic crude materials.

Alkaloid and sesquiterpenes from the root tuber of Curcuma longa / 药学学报

One new quinoline alkaloid and seven known bisabolane sesquiterpenes: 2-(2'-methyl-1'-propenyl)-4, 6-dimethyl-7-hydroxyquinoline (1), 2, 5-dihydroxybisabola-3, 10-diene (2), 4, 5-dihydroxybisabola-2,10-diene (3), turmeronol A (4), bisacurone (5), bisacurone A (6), bisacurone B (7) , bisacurone C (8), as well as dehydrozingerone (9) and zingerone (10) were isolated from the root tuber of Curcuma longa. Their structures were identified by spectral evidence. Compound 1 is a new compound, compounds 6 -8 were isolated from this plant for the first time and compounds 9 - 10 from Curcuma for the first time.

Study on chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of Ligularia duciforms II / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of Ligularia duciforms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>90% ethanol extract was isolated and purified by silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, the structures of compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated and identified as lupeol (1), isoscopoletin (2), isoline (3), duciformine (4), (2S, 3S, 4R)-sphinganine-(2'R)-delta5',6' (E)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino (5), tetracosanoic acid (6), tetracosanoicacid glyceride (7), (E)-docosyl ferulate (8), (E)-docosyl caffeate (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 2, 5-7 were isolated for the first time from this plant, and the compound 2, 5-7 were isolated firstly from the genus Ligularia.</p>

Phenolic components from herbs of Dendrobium aphyllum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the phenolic constituents of Dendrobium aphyllum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data were employed to elucidate their structures.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine bibenzyls and two benzylethanyl compounds were isolated and identified as: moscatilin (1), gigantol (2), batatasin (3), tristin (4), 3, 5, 4'-trihydroxylbibenzyl (5), 3, 5-dimethoxyl-4, 4'-dihydroxylbibenzyl (6), moscatin (7), 2, 4, 7-trihydroxyl-9, 10-dihydrophenanthrene (8), hircinol (9), 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, salidroside (10) and p-hydroxylbenzylacetic acid (11).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All compounds were obtained firstly from the plant, and the compounds 10 and 11 were isolated in this genus for the first time.</p>

Study on chemical constituents from stem of Dendrobium aphyllum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the active constituents of Dendrobium aphyllum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents, their physico-chemical properties and spectral data are determinated to elucidate the structure.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: 4'-methoxyl-tricin (1), tricin (2), 7, 3', 5'-tri-O-methyl-tricetin (3), syringic acid (4), ( + )-syring-aresinol (5), D-allitol (6), sucrose (7), icariside D2 (8).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1-3, 6-8 were isolated from genus Dendrobium for the first time, additionally, the others were obtained firstly from the plant.</p>

HPLC fingerprint of Herba Senecionis Scandentis and its ESI-MS analysis / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study and establish the fingerprints of Herba Senecionis Scandentis by RP-HPLC and LC-MS.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>C18 column was used in the HPLC separation. The mobile phase was composed of acetonitrile and 0.03% phosphoric acid with gradient elution. The flow rate was 1.0 mL m x min(-1) and detection wavelength was 254 nm.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Under this selected chromatographic condition, good HPLC fingerprints of Senecio scandens were obtained.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>HPLC fingerprint facilitate the evaluation of the quality of Herba Senecionis Scandentis.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents of Dendrobium crystallinum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Dendobium crystallinum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were obtained and identified as: 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybi-benzyl (1), gigantol (2), naringenin (3) , p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), n-tetracosyl trans-p-cou-marate (5), n-octacosy trans-p-coumarate (6), n-hexacosyl trans-ferulate (7), stigmasterol (8), daucosterol (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds 1 and 4 were isolated firstly from the genus.</p>

Studies on constituents of Dendrobium gratiosissimum / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of Dendrobium gratiosissimum.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 colum chromatography, and the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were obtained as: 3,5,4'-trihydroxybibenzyl (1), 3,4'-dihydroxy-5-methoxybibenzyl (2), 3,4-dihydroxy-4', 5-dimethoxybibenzyl (3), apigenin (4), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5), defuscin (6), n-octacostyl ferulate (7), beta-sitosterol (8) and daucosterol (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, and compounds 2, 4 and 5 were isolated firstly from this genus.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents in roots of Rumex dentatus / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the active constituents from Rumex dentatus.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Compounds were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH -20 and ODS column chromatography and identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Ten compounds were obtained and identified as helonioside A (1), gallic acid (2), isovanillic acid (3), p-hydroxycinnamic acid (4), succinic acid (5), n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside (6), quercetin (7), hexadecanoic acid 2, 3-dihydroxy propyl ester (8), beta-sitosterol (9) and daucosterol (10).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compounds 1, 3-6 and 8 were isolated from the genus of Rumex for the first time.</p>

Terpenoid compounds isolated from Ligularia sagitta / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of radix and rhizome of Ligularia sagitta.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Isolation and purification were carried out on the column chromatography of silica gel and sephadex LH -20. The structures were identified by spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Seven terpenoid compounds were isolated from the radix and rhizome of L. sagitta. Five of them are sesquiterpenoids, the structures were determined as 7alpha-hydroxy-9(10) -ene-1, 8-dioxo-6, 7-dihydrofuranoeremophilane (1), 1p, 10P3-epoxy-6beta, 8 beta-dihydroxy-eremophil7 (11) -en-12, 8alpha-olide (2) , 1-oxo-9-desoxycacalol (3), benzofuranoeremophil-l-ene (4) and bakkenolide (5); other two compounds belong to triterpenoid. 3p, 16P3-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-al (6) and lupeol (7).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compoundsl-3 and 6 were: isolated from L. sagitta for the first time, and compounds 3 and 6 were obtained from Ligularia for the first time.</p>

Studies on constituents in herb of Senecio scandens / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To isolate the constituents of Senecio scandens and determine their structures.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>Componds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and the structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Nine compounds were isolated as lupenone (1) , oleanane (2) , beta-sitosterol (3) , daucosterol (4) , adonifoline (5) , phydroxy benzeneacetic acid (6) , 2-(1,4-dihydroxy-cyclohexanyl) -acetic acid (7), hyperoside (8), linarin (9).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These compounds were obtained from S. scandens for the first time except 4 and 6.</p>

The chemical constituents of Ligularia pleurocaulis / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To study the chemical constituents of the underground part of Ligularia pleurocaulis (Franch.) Hand-Mazz.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The dried roots and rhizomes of L. pleurocaulis were extracted with methanol. Isolation and purification were performed by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization etc. Structures of the pure compounds were established on basis of spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Twelve compounds were obtained from L. pleurocaulis, they were 6-angeloyloxy-furanoligularenone (1), 2-oxo-3-hydroxy-eremophila-1(10),3,7(11),8-tetraen-8,12-olide (2), tiglic acid (3), oleanolic acid (4), lupeol (5), beta-sitosterol (6), daucosterol (7), caffeic acid (8), emodin (9), 7-methoxy-coumarin (10), ferulic acid (11) and 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethoxy-benzaldehyde (12).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Compound 1 is a new eremophilane and compound 2 is a new natural compound. All above compounds were obtained for the first time from L. pleurocaulis.</p>

Study on the chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of Ligularia duciforms / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents in roots and rhizomes of ligularia duciforms.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by column chromatography, the structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated and identified as caffeic acid (I), (E)-docosyl-3, 4-dihydroxycinnamate (II), (E)-docosyl 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyferulate (III, beta-amyrone (IV), beta-sitosterol (V), and daucosterol (VI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>All the compound were isolated for the first time from the plant, and the compound II and IV were isolated firstly from the genus Ligularia.</p>