Lanthanum-loaded peanut shell biochar prepared via one-step pyrolysis method for phosphorus removal and immobilization.

Phosphorus (P) is a nutrient element triggering eutrophication. Therefore, the removal of excess phosphorus has become an emergent demand. In this study, lanthanum-loaded biochar (La-BC) was prepared via a simple one-step pyrolysis method. Its surface properties and structural characteristics were analyzed by SEM, XRD, FTIR and pHpzc. The phosphate removal by the La-BC was systematically investigated in batch mode. Results showed that the phosphorus adsorption obeyed the pseudo-second-order model and Langmuir isotherm. The calculated maximum adsorption capacities were 31.94, 33.06 and 33.98 mg/g at 25, 35 and 45°C, respectively. Except for SO42- and CO32-, phosphate adsorption by the La-BC showed strong anti-interference to coexisting ions. For real water samples, the phosphate concentrations in the effluents were below 0.02 mg/L after treatment. The P loaded the La-BC was difficult to be desorbed, suggesting that the La-BC was not only a P-capping agent but also a P-immobilizing agent. More interestingly, a large number of stable LaPO4 nanofibers were formed on the La-BC surface via the reaction between the dissolved phosphate anions and La(OH)3 loaded on the adsorbent. Their intertwining facilitated the formation of the floc, which was conducive to the solid-liquid separation. Hence, the developed La-BC can be used as a potential adsorbent for natural waterbody remediation.

Treatment of microcirculation dysfunction in type 2 diabetic mellitus with Shenqi compound prescription: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

INTRODUCTION: Type 2 diabetic mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic disease. In 2013, the International Diabetes Federation showed that the total number of diabetic patients aged 20 to 79 years in China was 89 million, and it is expected to increase to 143 million by 2035. The incidence of T2DM and its complications in patients with blood glucose is gradually increasing, and there are low awareness rate, low diagnosis rate and high disability rate, which has become a global public health problem. Microcirculation Dysfunction in Type 2 diabetic mellitus (MDT2DM) plays an important role in the development of diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, diabetic neuropathy and diabetic foot disease. It is 1 of the common etiological mechanisms of diabetic chronic complications. Patients with MDT2DM, serious complications, increase the quality of life of patients with social impact. Diabetic lower extremity microcirculation disease (dlemd) is the main cause of the occurrence, development and difficult healing of diabetic foot. Microvascular disease is microcirculation dysfunction. It has been proved that Shenqi compound prescription can treat T2DM macrovascular disease and microvascular dysfunction. However, due to the lack of evidence and no specific methods or suggestions, it is necessary to conduct a systematic evaluation of Shenqi compound prescription to provide effective evidence for further research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The following databases will be searched from their inception to August 2020: Electronic database includes PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Nature, Science online, Chinese Biomedical Database WanFang, VIP medicine information, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure. PRIMARY OUTCOMES:: superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, C-reactiveprotein, HOMA-IR, advanced glycation end products , FPG, 2hBG, glycosylated hemoglobinA1c, fasting insulin ; ADDITIONAL OUTCOMES:: low density lipoprotein, high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, total serum cholesterol. Data will be extracted by 2 researchers independently, risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. All data analysis will be conducted by data statistics software Review Manager V.5.3. and Stata V.12.0. RESULTS: The results of this study will systematically evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shenqi compound prescription in treating patients with MDT2DM CONCLUSION:: The systematic review of this study will summarize the current published evidence of Shenqi compound prescription in the treatment of MDT2DM, and further guide its popularization and application. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is a systematic review, the outcomes are based on the published evidence, so examination and agreement by the ethics committee are not required in this study. We intend to publish the study results in a journal or conference presentations. OPEN SCIENCE FRA MEWORK (OSF) REGISTRATION NUMBER: August 24, 2020.osf.io/es6z7. (https://osf.io/es6z7).

Vitamin D supplementation in the treatment of type 2 diabetic microangiopathy: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The number of people with diabetes is growing exponentially.Human studies have shown that vitamin D supplementation is beneficial for type 2 diabetic microangiopathy. However, owing to the low quality, small sample size, and methodological heterogeneity of these studies, this conclusion is not convincing. Consequently, in order to determine whether vitamin D supplementation is effective and safe in type 2 diabetic microangiopathy, it is necessary to conduct a meta-analysis of high-quality clinical trials. METHODS: We will search each database from the built-in until March 2020. The English literature mainly searches Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, while the Chinese literature comes from CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wangfang database. Simultaneously we will retrieval clinical registration tests and grey literatures. In this study, only the clinical randomized controlled trials were selected to evaluate the efficacy and safety of vitamin D in the treatment of type 2 diabetic microangiopathy. The two researchers independently conducted literature selection, data extraction and quality assessment. Statistical heterogeneity among studies will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test (x) and the I statistical value. We will utilize the Review Manage software V5.3.0 (The Nordic Cochrane Center, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark) to statistically analyze all data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Ethics and dissemination: This study is a systematic review of vitamin D supplementation as a treatment of type 2 diabetic microangiopathy. RESULTS: This study will provide high-quality synthesis of effectiveness and safety of vitamin D supplementation for type 2 diabetic microangiopathy. CONCLUSION: This systematic review aims to provide new options for vitamin D treatment of type 2 diabetic microangiopathy in terms of its efficacy and safety. REGISTRATION NUMBER: LNPLASY202050055.

Assessment of the efficacy of α-lipoic acid in treatment of diabetes mellitus patients with erectile dysfunction: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus with erectile dysfunction (DMED) is one of the most common causes of disability in diabetic population, and its pathogenesis is related to a variety of factors. Because its pathogenesis is complex and the existing treatment methods have limitations, DMED is difficult to treat in clinical. Recently, some studies have shown that α-lipoic acid (ALA) is associated with DMED, but there is no systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between ALA and DMED. METHODS: We will search each database from the built-in until July 2020. The English literature mainly searches Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, while the Chinese literature comes from CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wangfang database. Simultaneously we will retrieve clinical registration tests and grey literatures. This study only screen the clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about ALA for DMED to assess its efficacy. The 2 researchers worked independently on literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. The dichotomous data is represented by relative risk (RR), and the continuous is expressed by mean difference (MD) or standard mean difference (SMD), eventually the data is synthesized using a fixed effect model (FEM) or a random effect model (REM) depending on whether or not heterogeneity exists. Erectile dysfunction (ED) will be diagnosed by the International Index of Erectile Function 5 (IIEF-5) score. Finally, meta-analysis was conducted by RevMan software version 5.3. RESULTS: This study will synthesize and provide high quality to evaluate the effectiveness of ALA supplementation for the treatment of DMED. CONCLUSION: This systematic review aims to provide new options for ALA supplementation treatment of DMED in terms of its efficacy and safety. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202070130.

Effects of Guizhi decoction for diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy: A protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Diabetic cardiac autonomic neuropathy (DCAN) is one of the serious complications of diabetes. The pathogenesis of DCAN has not been fully elucidated. There is currently no effective treatment for such chronic disease. Traditional Chinese medicine has a long clinical history for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and chronic complications, and it also shows certain advantages in the treatment of DCAN. Many clinical studies have confirmed that Chinese medicine Guizhi decoction can reduce the clinical symptoms and improve neuronal function of patients with DCAN. So we intend to conduct a systematic review further clarified the effectiveness and safety of Guizhi decoction for DCAN. METHODS: We will search each database from the built-in until July 2020. The English literature mainly searches Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science, while the Chinese literature comes from CNKI, CBM, VIP, and Wangfang database. Simultaneously we will retrieval clinical registration tests and grey literatures. In this study, only the clinical randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were selected to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Guizhi decoction in the treatment of DCAN. The 2 researchers independently conducted literature selection, data extraction, and quality assessment. Statistical heterogeneity among studies will be evaluated using the Cochran Q test (x) and the I statistical value. We will utilize the Review Manage software V5.3.0 (The Nordic Cochrane Center, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014, Copenhagen, Denmark) to statistically analyze all data. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study is a protocol for a systematic review of Guizhi decoction as a treatment of DCAN patients. RESULTS: This study will provide high-quality synthesis of effectiveness and safety of Guizhi decoction for DCAN. CONCLUSION: This systematic review aims to provide new options for Guizhi decoction treatment of DCAN in terms of its efficacy and safety. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202080018.

Efficacy of vitamin D supplement in children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The number of children with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is proliferating. However, currently, there are no drugs approved for the management of NAFLD. There have been some studies on vitamin D and NAFLD in children. However, the effectiveness of vitamin D in children with NAFLD has not been systematically evaluated. The objective of this systematic review will be to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D in children with NAFLD. METHODS: We will search through PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and the ClinicalTrials.gov website without restriction on publishing status. To supplement our search strategy, we will scan the reference lists of the identified studies for detailed evaluation for additional possible eligible studies, and we will also search conference proceedings related to this topic. All databases were searched from inception to present. Any clinical randomized controlled trials related to vitamin D supplement for treating NAFLD (simple steatosis/NAFL and NASH) in children will be included. NAFLD had to be diagnosed by liver histology, imaging (ultrasound, computer tomography, magnetic resonance imaging). The primary outcomes will be changes in liver fibrosis and liver enzymes. The variations in serum vitamin D level, BMI, insulin levels, lipid profiles, liver fat content will also be assessed. All statistical analyses will be carried out using RevMan, version 5.3, Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014. RESULTS: This study will provide a comprehensive high-quality synthesis to evaluate the effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation in children with NAFLD. CONCLUSION: This systematic review and meta-analysis will provide evidence to judge whether vitamin D supplementation is an effective intervention for children with NAFLD. REGISTRATION NUMBER: INPLASY202050049.

Systematic Elucidation of the Mechanism of Oroxylum indicum via Network Pharmacology.

Oroxylum indicum (O. indicum) is an important traditional Chinese medicine that exerts a wide spectrum of pharmacological activities. However, the pharmacological effect of O. indicum and its mechanism of action have not to be systematically elucidated yet. In this study, the druggability for active compounds of O. indicum was assessed via Traditional Chinese Medicine Systems Pharmacology Database (TCMSP), and the potential drug targets of O. indicum were identified using PharmMapper database. Additionally, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses were performed via WebGestalt. Drug-target-pathway networks were constructed using Cytoscape to give a visual view. Our findings revealed that O. indicum has extremely superb druggability with 41 putative identified target genes. GO, KEGG, and network analyses showed that these targets were associated with inflammatory immunoreactions, cancer, and other biological processes. In summary, O. indicum is predicted to target multiple genes/proteins and pathways that shape a network which can exert systematic pharmacological effects.

A critical role of transcription factor YY1 in rheumatoid arthritis by regulation of interleukin-6.

Previous studies have revealed a critical role of YY1, a "Yin Yang" transcription factor, in cancer development and progression. However, whether YY1 has any role in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains unknown. This study aims to explore the potential role of YY1 in RA pathogenesis. In this study, we found that YY1 was over-expressed in RA patients and CIA mice. Blocking of YY1 action with YY1 shRNA lentivirus ameliorated disease progression in CIA mice. We further analyzed the signaling pathway involved by ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA), results showed IL-6 signaling and JAK/Stat signaling pathway was significantly inhibited by LV-YY1-shRNA treatment. Moreover, we observed that blocking of YY1 reduced IL-6 production and downregulated Th17 population. Finally, we showed YY1 positively regulated IL-6 transcription by binding to the promoter region of the IL-6 gene. In conclusion, YY1 plays a critical role in promoting IL-6 transcription in RA which contribute to the inflammation of RA via stimulation of Th17 differentiation. Thus, YY1 is likely a key molecule involved in the inflammation process of RA. Targeting of YY1 may be a novel therapeutic strategy for RA.