Effect of electroacupuncture on urodynamics and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in spinal cord tissue of rats with detrusor hyperreflexia after suprasacral spinal cord injury. / ç”µé’ˆå¯¹éª¶ä¸Šè„Šé«“æŸä¼¤åŽé€¼å°¿è‚Œåå°„äº¢è¿›åž‹å¤§é¼ å°¿æµåŠ¨åŠ›å­¦åŠè„Šé«“Raf/MEK/ERK信号通路的影响.

OBJECTIVES: To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on urodynamics and Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway in spine cord tissue of rats after suprasacral spinal cord injury (SSCI), so as to explore its possible mechanism in improving bladder function in rats with detrusor hyperreflexia after SSCI. METHODS: Female SD rats were randomly divided into blank, sham operation, model, EA and EA+PD98059 groups, with 12 rats in each group. Thorax (T) 10 spinal cord transection was performed by surgery. Rats in the EA group were given EA (10 Hz/50 Hz, 20 min) at "Ciliao" (BL32), "Zhongji" (CV3), "Sanyinjiao" (SP6) and "Dazhui" (GV14) once daily for 7 d. Rats of the EA+PD98059 group received intraperitoneal injection of PD98059 (5 mg/kg) 2 h before EA intervention. The urodyna-mics was used to measure the base pressure, leak point pressure, maximum pressure, maximum capacity and comp-liance of bladder, and the morphology of bladder detrusor tissue was observed with HE staining. The TUNEL staining was used to detect the cell apoptosis of the spinal cord tissue. The expression levels of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP 2 (Epac2), Rap, phosphorylated rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma (p-Raf), phosphorylated mitogen-activated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-MEK), phosphorylated extracellular signal regulated kinase 1 and 2 (p-ERK1/2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2), and Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Compared with the sham operation group, the base pressure, leak point pressure and maximum pressure of bladder were significantly increased (P<0.01), the maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance were decreased (P<0.01), the cell apoptosis rate of spinal cord tissue was increased (P<0.01), and the expression levels of Epac2, Rap, p-Raf, p-MEK, p-ERK1/2, and Bcl-2 protein in spinal cord tissue were decreased (P<0.01), while the expression level of Bax protein was increased (P<0.01) in the model group. After the treatment and compared with the model group, the base pressure, leak point pressure and maximum pressure of bladder, the cell apoptosis rate of spinal cord tissue, the expression level of Bax protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the EA group, while the maximum bladder capacity and bladder compliance, the expression levels of Epac2, Rap, p-Raf, p-MEK, p-ERK1/2, and Bcl-2 protein in spinal cord tissue were all increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). In comparison with the EA group, the base pressure, leak point pressure and maximum pressure of bladder, the cell apoptosis rate, the expression level of Bax protein were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas the maximum bladder capacity, bladder compliance, and the expression levels of p-MEK, p-ERK1/2, and Bcl-2 protein were decreased (P<0.05) in the EA+PD98059 group. Results of HE staining showed disordered transitional epithelial cells and destroyed lamina propria in bladder detrusor tissue, with the infiltration of monocytes in the model group, which was obviously milder in both EA and EA+PD98059 groups, especially in the EA group. CONCLUSIONS: EA can improve the bladder function in detrusor hyperreflexia rats after SSCI, which may be related to its effect in up-regulating Epac2 and Rap, activating the Raf-MEK-ERK pathway, and reducing the cell apoptosis of spinal cord tissue.

Relaxant Effect of Sodium Tanshinone IIA Sulphonate on Mouse Tracheal Smooth Muscle.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate, a water-soluble derivative of tanshinone IIA, has been proven to possess versatile biological properties, but its pharmacological effect on tracheal smooth muscle remains elusive. This paper presents a study on the relaxant effect and underlying mechanisms of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate on mouse tracheal smooth muscle. The relaxant effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate was evaluated in mouse tracheal rings using a mechanical recording system. Intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured in primary cultured tracheal smooth muscle cells using confocal imaging system. The results showed that sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate induced dose-dependent relaxation of mouse tracheal rings in a ß-adrenoceptor- and epithelium-independent manner. Pretreatment with the ATP-sensitive K+ channel blocker glibenclamide partly attenuated the relaxation response. Administration of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate notably inhibited the extracellular Ca2+-induced contraction. High KCl or carbachol-evoked elevation in the intracellular Ca2+ concentration was also abrogated by sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate in tracheal smooth muscle cells. In conclusion, the tracheal relaxant effect of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate was independent of ß-adrenoceptor and airway epithelium, mediated primarily by inhibition of extracellular Ca2+ influx via L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels and partially by activation of the ATP-sensitive K+ channel. These results indicate the potential therapeutic value of sodium tanshinone IIA sulphonate for asthma treatment.

A study on hypoglycaemic health care function of Stigma maydis polysaccharides.

The objective of this paper was to study the therapeutic effect of Stigma maydis polysaccharides in diabetic mice. Mouse models of types 1 and 2 diabetes were established. The body weight, food intake, water intake as well as blood sugar level and glucose tolerance of mice were measured. Stigma maydis polysaccharides can improve the symptoms of weight loss and polydipsia in diabetic mice, and had an obvious antagonistic effect on alloxan-induced hyperglycaemia. The glucose tolerance test also showed that the Stigma maydis polysaccharides had very good effects on suppression and prevention of acute hyperglycaemia. Stigma maydis polysaccharides have some improvement effect on alloxan-induced types 1 and 2 diabetes.

[Therapeutic effect of compositive rehabilitation on lumber disc herniation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the curative effect of different physical rehabilitation techniques on patients with lumbar disc herniation. METHODS: Eighty-four patients were randomly divided into Group A, Group B and Group C. Group A were treated with the computerized pelvis traction and ultrashort wave, Group B were treated with the computerized pelvis traction only, while Groups C were treated with the computerized pelvis traction, the ultrashort wave and the traditional Chinese medicine iontophoresis. The outcome was measured with the Japanese Orthopaedics Association Score (JOA score) about lower back pain (LBP). RESULTS: Compared with before the treatment, the JOA score of all the 3 groups increase markedly after the treatment (P<0.001). Compared with group B, the JOA score of Groups A and Group C significantly increased (P<0.05). Compared with Group A, the JOA score in Group C significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: The curative effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on lumbar disc herniation is better than that of the single rehabilitation.

[The relaxation effects of six extracts from Chinese herbs on the corpus cavernosum tissue of rabbit in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To study the relaxants effects of six extractions from Chinese Herbs (neferine, tetrandrine, kakonein, scutellarin, ginsenoside Rgl and ginsenoside Rb1) on the corpus cavernosum tissue of rabbit in vitro. METHODS: Isolated stripes of rabbit corpus cavernosum tissue were precontracted with 10(-5) mol/L phenylephrine (PE). Relaxation in response to cumulative doses of six extracts at (10(-8) - 10(-3)) mol/L was determined. RESULTS: On rabbit cavernosal muscle stripes precontracted with PE, neferine, tetrandrine, kakonein and scutellarin showed dose dependent relaxation. IC50 values were 4.60 x 10(-6), 3.73 x 10(-5), 8.03 x 10(-4) and 3.33 x 10(-3) mol/L, respectively. However, in the meantime, it was found that the relaxant effects of ginsenoside Rgl and ginsenoside Rbl less significant to stripes precontracted with PE. When the final concentration was 10(-3) mol/L, the relaxations were only (16.32 +/- 5.45)% and (11.21 +/- 3.10)%. CONCLUSION: Among the six extracts which showed relaxant effects to rabbit cavernosal muscle stripes precontracted with PE, neferine had greater functions than the other five extracts.

[Inhibitory effect and its kinetic analysis of baicalein on recombinant human protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme].

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVE: Protein kinase CK2 is a ubiquitous and pleiotropic Ser/Thr protein kinase in eukaryotic cells. CK2 activity has been shown to be markedly elevated in solid tumors and leukemia cells. Its alpha or alpha' gene is a protooncogene. CK2 is attracting increasing attention as a potential target for anti-neoplastic. This study was to search specific CK2 inhibitors in tumor cells through observation of the inhibitory effects of baicalein on recombinant human protein kinase CK2 holoenzyme and its kinetics in vitro. METHODS: Recombinant human protein kinase CK2 alpha' and beta subunits were cloned and expressed by gene engineering, and purified to homogeneous. These 2 subunits were mixed at equal molar ratio to reconstitute CK2 holoenzyme. The CK2 activity was evaluated by detecting radioactivity of 32P of [gamma-32P]ATP which was incorporated into the substrate in various conditions. RESULTS: Baicalein was shown to strongly inhibit the holoenzyme activity of CK2 with IC50 of 2.54 micromol/L. Kinetic studies of baicalein on CK2 showed that baicalein acted as an inhibitor of noncompetitive with ATP(KI=7.73 micromol/L) and mixed types with casein(KI=3.07 micromol/L). CONCLUSION: Baicalein is an effective inhibitor of protein kinase CK2 in vitro.