Addition of hyperbaric oxygen therapy versus usual care alone for inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic inflammatory disease that includes ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) involves breathing pure oxygen in a pressurized environment. Existing literature suggests that HBOT may be an effective therapy for IBD, but a quantitative analysis is lacking. This study aims to estimate the adjunctive role of HBOT in treating IBD and lowering its recurrence rate. Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), China Science and Technology Journal Database (VIP), and Wanfang databases were systematically searched by two reviewers independently. Meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager (RevMan, version 5.3). A random-effects model was applied due to the heterogeneity between studies. Results: Twenty-nine out of the initially identified 606 articles were covered in this review, with a total of 2151 patients (2071 for UC and 80 for CD). No randomized data of HBOT for CD were included. Among UC patients, usual care plus HBOT were more likely to achieve a clinical response than usual care alone (risk ratio [RR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.17 to 1.31; P < 0.001). Subgroup analysis showed that the number of HBOT sessions had no statistically significant effect on overall efficacy (P > 0.05). The pooled data showed a lower recurrence rate in the usual care plus HBOT group (RR, 0.35; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.53; P < 0.001). The standardized mean difference in the serum tumor necrosis factor level between HBOT and non-HBOT groups was -2.13 (95% CI, -3.09 to -1.18; P < 0.001). No severe adverse events of HBOT were observed. Conclusions: HBOT might be an effective and safe adjunctive treatment for IBD. Further studies are required to investigate the optimal protocol of HBOT in IBD treatment.

[Randomized controlled trials of acupuncture and moxibustion in China in past 45-year (1975-2019): hotspots and trends].

By searching the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of acupuncture and moxibustion from CNKI since its inception date to december 31 of 2019, the development status and hot trend of RCTs of acupuncture and moxibustion in China were summarized. The CiteSpace and VOSviewer software were used to perform keyword co-occurrence analysis, clustering analysis, time-zone analysis and citation-burst analysis, and visual map was drawn. As a result, a total of 60 995 articles were included, which were published in 1027 academic journals with 1787 keywords. The publication date was from 1975 to 2019. During the past 45 years, the publications of RCTs on acupuncture and moxibustion had shown an overall growth trend with characteristics of the times. The RCTs of manual acupuncture ranked the top, and its proportion of publications every 5 years was stable in the past 30 years. Since 1994, the hot words such as electroacupuncture, warming needling, auricular point sticking and various acupoint therapies had emerged; meanwhile, the spectrum of diseases had broadened, and an evolutionary trend corresponding to therapies and disease systems had been formed. In recent decade, the RCTs using moxibustion therapy have increased significantly, and the hot words such as "sub-health" "winter diseases being treated in summer" and "acupoint application/ moxibustion during the dog days" had indicated that acupuncture clinical research was further inclined to the field of chronic disease prevention and health services, which was in line with social development and the needs of the times.

[Systematic review of efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Injection combined with Western medicine in treatment of vascular dementia].

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Compound Danshen Injection combined with Western medicine in the treatment of vascular dementia. Databases of Cochrane Library, PubMed, EMbase, CNKI, SinoMed, VIP, Wanfang Data were electronically retrieved for collecting randomized controlled trial(RCT)about vascular dementia treated with Western medicine alone or combined with Compound Danshen Injection from the year of database establishment to January 2020. Two researchers independently screened out li-teratures, extracted data, and evaluated the risk of bias for inclusion in the study. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software. A total of 5 RCTs were included, involving 588 patients, with 299 in treatment group and 289 in control group. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with Western medicine alone, Compound Danshen Injection combined with Western medicine was better in the effective rate(RR=1.23,95%CI[1.14,1.33],P<0.000 01), MMSE score(MD=3.54,95%CI[3.01,4.06],P<0.000 01), ADL score(MD=11.49,95%CI[8.05,14.93],P<0.000 01), the level of CRP(MD=-0.72,95%CI[-1.25,-0.20],P=0.007) and the level of IL-6(MD=-7.64,95%CI[-9.65,-5.63],P<0.000 01). Adverse reactions mainly included rash and skin prick, which did not affect the treatment effect. Based on the findings, the combination of Compound Danshen Injection in the treatment of vascular dementia could improve the effective rates, relieve the mental state damage and improve the daily living ability, with mild adverse reactions and a low incidence. However, due to the low quality of the included literatures, high-quality and large-scale randomized controlled trials are needed for further verification.

Total alkaloids from Alstonia scholaris inhibit influenza a virus replication and lung immunopathology by regulating the innate immune response.

BACKGROUND: Alstonia scholaris is a folk medicine used to treat cough, asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China. Total alkaloids (TA) from A. scholaris exhibit anti-inflammatory properties in acute respiratory disease, which suggests their possible anti-inflammatory effect on influenza virus infection. PURPOSE: To assess the clinical use of TA by demonstrating their anti-influenza and anti-inflammatory effects and the possible mechanism underlying the effect of TA on influenza A virus (IAV) infection in vitro and to reveal the inhibitory effect of TA on lung immunopathology caused by IAV infection. METHODS: Antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities were assessed in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and A549 cells and U937-derived macrophages infected with influenza A/PR/8/34 (H1N1) virus. Proinflammatory cytokine levels were measured by real-time quantitative PCR and Bio-Plex assays. The activation of innate immune signaling induced by H1N1 virus in the absence or presence of TA was detected in A549 cells by Western blot. Furthermore, mice were infected intranasally with H1N1 virus and treated with TA (50, 25 and 12.5 mg/kg/d) or oseltamivir (60 mg/kg/d) for 5 days in vivo. The survival rates and body weight were recorded, and the viral titer, proinflammatory cytokine levels, innate immune cell populations and histopathological changes in the lungs were analyzed. RESULTS: TA significantly inhibited viral replication in A549 cells and U937-derived macrophages and markedly reduced cytokine and chemokine production at the mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, TA blocked the activation of pattern recognition receptor (PRR)- and IFN-activated signal transduction in A549 cells. Critically, TA also increased the survival rate, reduced the viral titer, suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production and innate immune cell infiltration and improved lung histopathology in a lethal PR8 mouse model. CONCLUSION: TA exhibits anti-viral and anti-inflammatory effects against IAV infection by interfering with PRR- and IFN-activated signal transduction.

Characterisation of the complete chloroplast genome of an endemic herb plant species, Rheum palmatum (Polygonaceae) in China.

Rheum palmatum has a long history in medicine, which is one of the main export medicinal herb in China. The complete chloroplast genome of R. palmatum was assembled and reported in this study. The R. palmatum chloroplast genome was 161,541 bp in length as the circular and consisted a large single-copy (LSC) region of 86,519 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 13,112 bp and a pair of inverted-repeat (IR) regions of 30,955 bp. The nucleotide composition was asymmetric 31.2% A (Adenine), 31.5% T (Thymine), 19.0% C (Cytosine), and 18.3% G (Guanine) with an overall G + C content of 37.3%. It encoded 131 genes, including 86 protein-coding genes (76 PCG species), 37 transfer RNA genes (26 tRNAs species), and eight ribosomal RNA genes (four rRNAs species). The Phylogenetic relationships used neighbour-joining (NJ) method and the result showed that R. palmatum and Rheum officinale are phylogenetically related to each other in the family Polygonaceae. This study will be very important for Chinese medicinal herb research value and clinical drug development for future in China.

Effects of Xingpi Yang'er granule on serum gastrin, plasma motilin, and somatostatin contents in children patients with pneumonia induced diarrhea / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the effects of Xingpi Yang'er Granule (XYG) on serum gastrin (GAS), plasma motilin (MOT), and somatostatin (SS) in children patients with pneumonia induced diarrhea.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Recruited were 120 children inpatients with pneumonia induced diarrhea at the Department of Pediatrics, Liaocheng People's Hospital from June 2011 to June 2012. They were randomly assigned to two groups, the treatment group and the control group, 60 in each group. Those in the treatment group were treated with XYG, while those in the control group were treated with Live Combined Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus Tablets. Besides, 30 healthy children who received physical examinations at our hospital were recruited as the healthy control group. The clinical efficacy, changes of GAS, MOT, and SS contents were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 95.0% in the treatment group and 93.3% in the control group, showing no statistical difference (P > 0.05). Compared with healthy control group, the GAS and MOT contents increased, and SS decreased before treatment in the other two groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the same group before treatment, GAS and MOT contents obviously decreased, and SS increased in the other two groups after treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the control group at the same time point, GAS and MOT decreased, and SS increased in the treatment group after treatment, showing statistical differences (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The levels of GAS, MOT, and SS were obviously changed in children patients with pneumonia induced diarrhea. XYG had obvious regulation on their GAS, MOT and SS contents.</p>

[Clinical study of curing patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by qumin tongbi nasal spraying agent].

OBJECTIVE: To study the mechanism of action and the therapeutic efficacy of treating patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by Qumin Tongbi Nasal Spraying Agent (QTNSA). METHODS: One hundred and three patients with perennial allergic rhinitis were randomly assigned to two groups. Of them, 57 patients in the treatment group were treated with QTNSA and 46 patients in the control group were treated with Veconase. Seven days were taken as one therapeutic course, two courses in total. The therapeutic efficacy and the serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-8, immunoglobulin E (IgE) and nasal airway resistance (NAR), symptoms and signs integrals before and after treatment were observed in the two groups. RESULTS: There was no statistical significance between the treatment group and the control group in the markedly effective rate (61.40% vs. 63. 04%) and the total effective rate (87.72% vs. 89.13%). After treatment symptoms and signs integrals of the two groups were significantly improved when compared with before treatment (P < 0.01). There was no significant difference between the two groups after treatment (P > 0.05). The serum levels of IL-4, IL-8, IgE, and NAR were significantly higher in the two groups than those of the normal group. They significantly decreased after treatment in the two groups, showing statistical difference (P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference between the treatment group and the control group (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: QTNSA could effectively treat perennial allergic rhinitis. It could obviously lower serum levels of IL-4, IL-8, IgE, and NAR in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis.