RESUMEN
Abstract Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don. is a bush which belongs to Celastraceae family and occurs specially in Brazilian Cerrado. Its leaves, stem, seeds and fruits are popularly used for several medicinal purposes, such as antitumoral, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. In this study, the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of S. crassifolia stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic) were evaluated by the Ames mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. By the obtained results, all S. crassifolia fractions did not significantly increase the number of prototrophic revertants for histidine (His+) in both S. typhimurium strains tested (p > 0.05), suggesting absence of mutagenicity. Regarding antimutagenicity, the fractions ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic significantly decreased the number of His+ revertants colonies induced by positive control for strain TA98 (p < 0.05), demonstrating protection against mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinolile1-oxide, whereas the hexane fraction did not show antimutagenic effect in this strain. In the TA100 strain, all fractions of S. crassifolia protected DNA against the harmful action of sodium azide, and the hexane fraction exhibited the greatest protection in this work. Thus, it's possible conclude that the fractions of S. crassifolia tested in this study could be used in chemoprevention.
Resumo Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don. é uma árvore que pertence à família Celastraceae e ocorre especialmente no Cerrado Brasileiro. Suas folhas, caule, sementes e frutos são popularmente utilizados para vários fins medicinais, tais como antitumoral, antirreumático, anti-inflamatório e antimicrobiano. Neste estudo, nós avaliamos as atividades mutagênica e antimutagênica de frações da casca do caule de S. crassifolia (hexânica, acetato de etila e hidroalcoólica) pelo ensaio de mutagenicidade de Ames em Salmonella typhimurium, cepas TA98 e TA100. Pelos resultados obtidos todas as frações de S. crassifolia não aumentaram significativamente o número de revertentes prototróficas para histidina (His+) em ambas as cepas de S. typhimurium testadas (p > 0.05), sugerindo ausência de mutagenicidade. Em relação à antimutagenicidade, as frações acetate de etila e hidroalcoólica reduziram significativamente o número de colônias revertentes His+ induzidas pelo controle positive para a cepa TA98 (p < 0.05), demonstrando sua ação protetora contra a mutagenicidade induzida por 4-nitroquinolile1-oxide, enquanto a fração hexânica não demonstrou efeito antimutagênico nesta cepa. Na cepa TA100, todas as frações de S. crassifolia protegeram o DNA contra a ação lesiva de azida sódica, e a fração hexânica exibiu a maior proteção desse trabalho. Assim, concluímos que as frações de S. crassifolia testadas neste estudo poderiam ser utilizadas em quimioprevenção.
Asunto(s)
Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Salacia/química , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genética , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/toxicidadRESUMEN
Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don. is a bush which belongs to Celastraceae family and occurs specially in Brazilian Cerrado. Its leaves, stem, seeds and fruits are popularly used for several medicinal purposes, such as antitumoral, antirheumatic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. In this study, the mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of S. crassifolia stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic) were evaluated by the Ames mutagenicity assay in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains. By the obtained results, all S. crassifolia fractions did not significantly increase the number of prototrophic revertants for histidine (His+) in both S. typhimurium strains tested (p > 0.05), suggesting absence of mutagenicity. Regarding antimutagenicity, the fractions ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic significantly decreased the number of His+ revertants colonies induced by positive control for strain TA98 (p < 0.05), demonstrating protection against mutagenicity induced by 4-nitroquinolile1-oxide, whereas the hexane fraction did not show antimutagenic effect in this strain. In the TA100 strain, all fractions of S. crassifolia protected DNA against the harmful action of sodium azide, and the hexane fraction exhibited the greatest protection in this work. Thus, it's possible conclude that the fractions of S. crassifolia tested in this study could be used in chemoprevention.
Asunto(s)
Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Salacia/química , 4-Nitroquinolina-1-Óxido/toxicidad , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMEN
Abstract Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as “assa-peixe”, has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.
Resumo Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), conhecida como “assa-peixe”, tem sido utilizada na medicina popular para o tratamento de várias doenças, como bronquite, pneumonia, hemoptise, tosse persistente, abcessos internos, afecções gástricas e cálculo renal. Além disso, alguns estudos já demonstraram que espécies do Gênero Vernonia apresentam atividade antifúngica. Devido à relevância biológica dessa espécie, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar os efeitos citotóxico, genotóxico, antigenotóxico e antifúngico do extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes em células somáticas de Drosophila melanogaster ou contra Candida spp. O extrato aquoso da planta não apresentou atividade citotóxica, genotóxica e antigenotóxica nas condições experimentais testadas usando o teste de recombinação e mutação somática em asa (SMART-asa). No entanto, quando o extrato foi associado com a doxorrubicina, utilizada neste trabalho como controle positivo, o potencial mutagênico da doxorrubicina foi potencializado, aumentando o número de mutações em células somáticas de D. melanogaster. Por outro lado, nenhuma atividade inibitória contra Candida spp. foi observada utilizando o extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes por meio do método de difusão em ágar. Mais estudos são necessários para desvendar os componentes presentes no extrato aquoso das folhas de V. polyanthes que possam contribuir para potencializar a genotoxicidade da doxorrubicina.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Vernonia , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Mutación/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Hojas de la Planta , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Drosophila melanogaster/citología , Células Híbridas , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Mutágenos/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Vernonanthura polyanthes (Spreng.) A.J. Vega & Dematt. (Asteraceae), known as "assa-peixe", has been used in ethnomedicine for the treatment of various diseases such as bronchitis, pneumonia, hemoptysis, persistent cough, internal abscesses, gastric and kidney stone pain. Moreover, some studies demonstrated that species of Genus Vernonia present antifungal activity. Due to the biological relevance of this species, the aim of this study was to investigate the toxic, genotoxic, antigenotoxic and antifungal potential of V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster or against Candida spp. The aqueous extract of the plant showed no toxic, genotoxic and antigenotoxic activity in the experimental conditions tested using the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART/wing). However, when the extract was associated with doxorubicin, used in this work as a positive control, the mutagenic potential of doxorubicin was enhanced, increasing the number of mutations in D. melanogaster somatic cells. In the other hand, no inhibitory activity against Candida spp. was observed for V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract using agar-well diffusion assay. More studies are necessary to reveal the components present in the V. polyanthes leaves aqueous extract that could contribute to potentiate the doxorubicin genotoxicity.
Asunto(s)
Candida/efectos de los fármacos , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Mutación/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Vernonia , Animales , Técnicas de Cultivo de Célula , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/citología , Células Híbridas , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Mutágenos/farmacología , Hojas de la PlantaRESUMEN
Duguetia furfuracea (St. Hil.) Benth & Hook f. (1862), popularly known as "sofre-do-rim-quem-quer" and "araticum-seco", is a shrub of the Annonaceae family that grows in several regions of Brazil. Infusions of its leaves and twigs are used in folk medicine to treat rheumatism and renal colic, whereas the seed powder is mixed with water to treat pediculosis. Studies on the plant have reported biological activities with cytotoxic, antitumoral, trypanocidal, leishmanicidal, antiplasmodial, and antiprotozoal effects. Our previous studies using a prophage λ induction test (SOS-Inductest) and the micronucleus assay demonstrated that D. furfuracea lyophilized leaf extract (DFE) displayed cytotoxic but not genotoxic activity. In the present study, antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic activities of DFE were evaluated using SOS-Inductest and mouse bone marrow micronucleus tests. Our results showed that DFE decreased the induction of either prophage λ (P < 0.05; SOS-Inductest) or micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (P < 0.05; micronucleus test) at all doses, suggesting antigenotoxic activity in both tests. On assessing the anticytotoxic activity of DFE, a significant increase in the number of bacteria at lower doses (P < 0.05) as well as a significant increase in the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocyte ratio were observed (P < 0.05), demonstrating the anticytotoxic activity of DFE. Thus, D. furfuracea displayed antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic activity in both assays.
Asunto(s)
Annonaceae/química , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Citotoxinas/farmacología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Hojas de la Planta/químicaRESUMEN
Lafoensia pacari (Lythraceae), popularly known in Brazil as "pacari", is a small tree native to the Cerrado that is used in folk medicine to treat cancer and as an anti-inflammatory and cicatrizing agent. We evaluated the genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic activities of an ethanol extract of L. pacari stem bark (EESB) using the Ames test and the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. In the Ames test, EESB did not significantly increase the number of His(+) revertants in Salmonella typhimurium tester strains TA98 and TA100 at all doses, demonstrating lack of mutagenicity. Only the highest dose of EESB significantly increased the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocyte frequency in the micronucleus test, indicating mild genotoxicity. EESB produced a mutagenic index lower than the negative control in the Ames test. In the micronucleus test, at all doses, EESB caused a significant decrease in the polychromatic/normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE) at 24 h compared with the negative control. EESB co-administered together with the respective positive control caused a significant decrease in the number of His(+) revertant colonies in the Ames test and in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes in the micronucleus test, demonstrating a DNA protector effect. EESB co-administered with mitomycin C significantly increased the PCE/NCE ratio at all doses, showing an anticytotoxic effect. We conclude that EESB has antigenotoxic and anticytotoxic properties.
Asunto(s)
Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Lythraceae/química , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Eritrocitos/química , Etanol/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Mitomicina/farmacología , Mutágenos/análisis , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Hymenaea courbaril L., popularly known as jatobá, is a plant species that grows in the forests of South America. The species has been used for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat arthritis and inflammations. Due to the increasing use of this plant globally, the present study aimed to evaluate the toxic, genotoxic, recombinogenic, and antigenotoxic effects of H. courbaril sap (Hycs) using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test and the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in Drosophila melanogaster. To evaluate the aneugenic and clastogenic activities revealed by the micronucleus test, the animals were treated with 3 doses of Hycs (5, 10, and 15 mL/kg body weight). To evaluate the antianeugenic and anticlastogenic activities, the animals were simultaneously treated with Hycs and mitomycin C (4 mg/kg body weight). To assess the mutagenic and recombinogenic activities using SMART, 3-day-old larvae derived from standard and high bioactivation crosses were treated with 3 doses of Hycs (3.0, 1.5, and 0.3 mL) for approximately 48 h. To evaluate antimutagenic and antirecombinogenic activities, larvae derived from both crosses were co-treated with 3 doses of Hycs (3.0, 1.5, and 0.3 mL) and doxorubicin (0.125 mg/ mL). The mouse bone marrow micronucleus test revealed that Hycs exhibited no cytotoxic, clastogenic and/or aneugenic effects, but did show anticytotoxic, anticlastogenic and/or antianeugenic activities. The SMART revealed no mutagenic or recombinogenic effects, but antimutagenic and antirecombinogenic activities were observed in somatic cells of D. melanogaster from both crosses.
Asunto(s)
Daño del ADN , Hymenaea/química , Mutagénesis/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Recombinación Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Drosophila melanogaster , Larva/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/inducido químicamente , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
Salacia crassifolia (Mart. Ex. Schult.) G. Don., popularly known in Brazil as "bacupari", "cascudo", and "saputá", is a shrub of the Celastraceae family that is unique to the Brazilian Cerrado region. In folk medicine, this plant has been mainly used to treat skin cancer and gastric ulcers. In the present study, the genotoxic, cytotoxic, antigenotoxic, and anticytotoxic effects of S. crassifolia stem bark fractions (hexane, ethyl acetate, and hydroalcoholic extracts) were evaluated using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Our results showed that none of the S. crassifolia fractions led to a significant increase in the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) (P > 0.05), suggesting the absence of genotoxicity. In the antigenotoxicity assessment, a significant decrease in the MNPCE frequency was observed in all fractions of this plant (P < 0.05), demonstrating its protective action against genotoxicity induced by mitomycin C (MMC), which was used as the positive control. Only the hexane fraction of S. crassifolia significantly decreased the poly- and normochromatic erythrocyte ratio (PCE/NCE) in all doses tested (P < 0.05), demonstrating its cytotoxic activity. In association with MMC, both ethyl acetate and hydroalcoholic fractions significantly increased the PCE/NCE ratio in almost all doses tested (P < 0.05), demonstrating the protective action of S. crassifolia against the cytotoxic effect of the positive control. In contrast, the hexane fraction presented a significant decrease in the PCE/NCE ratio in all treatments (P < 0.05), demonstrating an increase in this plant's cytotoxicity in mouse bone marrow cells.
Asunto(s)
Citotoxinas/farmacología , Daño del ADN , Corteza de la Planta/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Salacia/química , Animales , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Fraccionamiento Químico , Citotoxinas/química , Citotoxinas/toxicidad , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Micronúcleos con Defecto Cromosómico/efectos de los fármacos , Mitomicina/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Tallos de la Planta/química , Salacia/anatomía & histologíaRESUMEN
Synadenium umbellatum Pax, popularly known as "cola-nota", is a medicinal plant that grows in tropical regions. The latex of this plant is used against various diseases, such as diabetes mellitus, leprosy, tripanosomiasis, leukemia, and several malignant tumors. The mutagenic, antimutagenic, and cytotoxic effects of the latex of this plant were investigated by measuring the frequency of micronuclei in mice bone marrow cells. To evaluate mutagenicity, the animals were treated with four doses of latex (10, 30, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight). To study the antimutagenic activity, the animals were simultaneously treated with latex and mitomycin C (4 mg/kg). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio. Our results showed a significant increase of frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) compared to the negative control group (p < 0.05). Concerning antimutagenicity, the doses of 10 and 30 mg/kg co-administered with mitomycin C showed significant decrease in MNPCE frequency compared to the positive control group (p < 0.05). However, no significant reduction in MNPCE frequency (p > 0.05) was detected at the doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg. Under our experimental conditions, the results obtained indicate strong mutagenic and cytotoxic activity of S. umbellatum latex except the dose of 10 mg/kg and moderate antimutagenic effect at lower doses.
Asunto(s)
Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Euphorbiaceae/química , Látex/farmacología , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Mutágenos/farmacología , Animales , Antimutagênicos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ratones , Mutágenos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Although the use of medicinal plants or natural products has increased in recent decades all over the world, little information is available on their potential risk to health. Annona crassiflora Mart., a plant commonly known as araticum in Brazil, has been widely used in folk medicine for a long time since its seeds and leaves are often utilised in the treatment of cancer, snake bites, and venereal diseases, its fruits are consumed as tonic and astringent, and its bark powder has anti-fungal and anti-rheumatic properties. To evaluate the genotoxic and mutagenic properties induced by the ethanolic extract of araticum leaves, we performed the prophage λ induction (Inductest) and bacterial mutagenicity assays. We used Escherichia coli WP2s(λ) and RJF013 strains in the lysogenic induction test, whereas the mutagenic studies were carried out using Salmonella typhimurium histidine auxotroph strains TA97a, TA98, TA100, and TA102. Each experiment was performed three times in duplicate and included positive and negative controls. No statistically significant (p > 0.05) positive results were obtained for any of the strains tested, which suggests that the ethanolic extract of araticum leaves did not exhibit direct mechanisms of genotoxicity or mutagenicity that could be detected by the tests used in the present work.
Asunto(s)
Annona/química , Escherichia coli/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Salmonella typhimurium/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN/efectos de los fármacos , Daño del ADN/genética , Escherichia coli/genética , Profagos/efectos de los fármacos , Profagos/genética , Respuesta SOS en Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Respuesta SOS en Genética/genética , Salmonella typhimurium/genéticaRESUMEN
Mutagenic and antimutagenic activities of the medicinal plant Duguetia furfuracea were assessed using SMART/wing and ring-X-loss tests. For the ring-X-loss test, 2- to 3-day-old Drosophila melanogaster ring-X-lineage males and virgin ywsn³ females received D. furfuracea infusion at doses of 0.085, 0.042, or 0.014 g/mL for 24 h. We found that D. furfuracea did not produce any mutagenic effects in D. melanogaster germinative cells. The somatic cells of D. melanogaster were analyzed using the SMART/wing test involving three lineages - mwh, flr³, and ORR - and the same doses of D. furfuracea infusion employed in the ring-X-loss test, as well as 20 mM urethane. The results of both standard (ST) and high bioactivation (HB) crosses showed absence of mutagenic activity of D. furfuracea. In contrast, in both ST and HB crosses, we observed a modulatory effect of D. furfuracea against the genotoxic activity of urethane.
Asunto(s)
Annonaceae/química , Drosophila melanogaster/efectos de los fármacos , Drosophila melanogaster/genética , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Drosophila melanogaster/citología , Femenino , Genotipo , Masculino , Pruebas de Mutagenicidad , Mutágenos/farmacología , Mutación , Fenotipo , Plantas Medicinales/química , Alas de Animales/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Solanum paniculatum L. is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Savanna region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Because of the wide use of this plant as a therapeutic resource and food, the present study aimed at evaluating the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf and fruit extracts using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Our results indicate that neither S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf extract nor its ethanolic fruit extract exhibited mutagenic effect in mice bone marrow; however, at higher doses, both extracts presented cytotoxic activity.
Asunto(s)
Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Solanum/toxicidad , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Frutas/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Hojas de la Planta/toxicidadRESUMEN
Solanum paniculatum L. is a plant species widespread throughout tropical America, especially in the Brazilian Savanna region. It is used in Brazil for culinary purposes and in folk medicine to treat liver and gastric dysfunctions, as well as hangovers. Because of the wide use of this plant as a therapeutic resource and food, the present study aimed at evaluating the mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf and fruit extracts using the mouse bone marrow micronucleus test. Our results indicate that neither S. paniculatum ethanolic leaf extract nor its ethanolic fruit extract exhibited mutagenic effect in mice bone marrow; however, at higher doses, both extracts presented cytotoxic activity.
Solanum paniculatum L., popularmente conhecida como jurubeba, ocorre em toda a América tropical, especialmente no Cerrado. No Brasil, é utilizada para fins culinários e na medicina popular para o tratamento de distúrbios gástricos e hepáticos, além de ressacas. Devido à grande utilização desta planta pela população como recurso terapêutico e alimentício, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar as atividades mutagênica e citotóxica dos extratos etanólico das folhas e frutos de S. paniculatum utilizando o teste do micronúcleo em medula óssea de camundongos. Os resultados indicam que os extratos etanólicos tanto das folhas quanto dos frutos de S. paniculatum não apresentaram ação mutagênica em medula óssea de camundongos, porém, em doses mais elevadas, ambos os extratos exibiram atividade citotóxica.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/toxicidad , Solanum/toxicidad , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Frutas/toxicidad , Pruebas de Micronúcleos , Hojas de la Planta/toxicidadRESUMEN
Synadenium umbellatum Pax, popularly known as 'cola-nota', is a medicinal plant that grows in tropical regions. Latex of this plant is used to treat various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Hansen s disease, tripanosomiases, leukemia and several malignant tumors. In the present study, the angiogenic activity of S. umbellatum latex was evaluated using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results showed significant increase of the vascular net (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control (H2O). The histological analysis was in accordance with the results obtained. In conclusion, our data indicate that S. umbellatum latex, under the conditions of this research, presented angiogenic effect.
Asunto(s)
Membrana Corioalantoides/efectos de los fármacos , Euphorbiaceae/química , Látex/farmacología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Neovascularización Fisiológica/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Synadenium umbellatum Pax, popularly known as "cola-nota", is a medicinal plant that grows in tropical regions. Latex of this plant is used to treat various diseases such as diabetes mellitus, Hansen´s disease, tripanosomiases, leukemia and several malignant tumors. In the present study, the angiogenic activity of S. umbellatum latex was evaluated using the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. Results showed significant increase of the vascular net (p < 0.05) compared to the negative control (H2O). The histological analysis was in accordance with the results obtained. In conclusion, our data indicate that S. umbellatum latex, under the conditions of this research, presented angiogenic effect.
Synadenium umbellatum Pax, popularmente conhecida como "cola-nota", é uma planta medicinal que cresce em regiões tropicais. O látex desta planta tem sido utilizado no tratamento de várias doenças, como diabetes mellitus, hanseníase, tripanossomíases, leucemia e vários tumores malignos. No presente estudo, a atividade angiogênica do látex de S. umbellatum foi avaliada pelo ensaio da membrana corio-alantóide (MCA) de ovo embrionado de galinha. Os resultados mostraram aumento significativo da rede vascular (p < 0.05) em relação ao controle negativo (H2O). A análise histológica está em concordância com os resultados obtidos. Em conclusão, os dados indicaram que, nas condições experimentais deste estudo, o látex de S. umbellatum exibiu efeito angiogênico.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Embrión de Pollo , Membrana Corioalantoides/efectos de los fármacos , Euphorbiaceae/química , Látex/farmacología , Neovascularización Fisiológica/efectos de los fármacos , Neovascularización Fisiológica/fisiologíaRESUMEN
Ginkgo biloba (Egb 761) extract, the most prescribed phytomedicine in Europe for the treatment of cerebral insufficiency and vascular diseases, was tested for its possible protective effects against mitomycin C (MMC)- and cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced mutagenicity using the micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow. The extract was co-administered to mice at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg (po) with 4 mg/kg (ip) MMC or 24 mg/kg (ip) CP. All doses of Egb 761 were significantly (P < 0.05) effective in reducing the frequency of micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes, when compared with MMC or CP alone. Based on these results, we suggest that Egb 761 possesses both direct and indirect antimutagenic potential.
Asunto(s)
Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Mitomicina/toxicidad , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ginkgo biloba , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de MicronúcleosRESUMEN
A typical Brazilian plant, araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), is widely used in humans as therapeutic medicine to treat several diseases such as diarrhea, rheumatism and syphilis. It contains acetogenins which present cytotoxic, antitumogenic, and antiparasitic properties. In this study, mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of araticum leaves ethanolic extract were evaluated by micronucleus test in mice. To evaluate the mutagenic activity, animals were treated with ethanolic extract of araticum (EEA) using 10, 20, 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg(-1). For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg.kg(-1) of EEA and 4 mg.kg(-1) of MMC simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 36 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). In the mutagenicity assessment, all doses of EEA resulted in no significant increase of MNPCE (P > 0.05), compared to solvent- control group. Regarding administration time, no significant difference among three evaluation periods was observed (P > 0.05). Such results indicate that EEA did not exert mutagenic activity. Cytotoxicity was evident in doses of 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg(-1) at 24 and 48 hours after exposure. Concerning antimutagenicity, except the 10 mg.kg(-1) co-administered with 4 mg/kg of MMC, all doses reduced significantly the frequency of MNPCE compared to the positive control group (P < 0.05). These results, therefore, indicate an antimutagenic activity of the EEA. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 100 mg.kg(-1) EEA doses co-administered with 4 mg.kg(-1) of MMC.
Asunto(s)
Annona/química , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos Anormales/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Antimutagênicos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Masculino , Ratones , Pruebas de MicronúcleosRESUMEN
Cochlospermum regium (Mart. and Schr.) Pilger, popularly known as "algodãozinho do campo", is a medicinal plant that grows in the Cerrado of Brazil. This plant has been used in traditional medicine against various diseases such as leucorrhoea, gastritis and ulcers. It has also been effective in treating skin problems like pimples, boils and blotches. In the present study, the in vivo antimutagenicity of aqueous extract of C. regium was evaluated. The Micronucleus Test was performed in polychromatic erythrocytes from Swiss male mice treated with one of the four doses of extract of the plant (19, 38, 76 and 114 mg.kg(-1) body weight), administered by intraperitonial injection (i.p.) simultaneously with cyclophosphamide (24 mg.kg(-1) b.w.) or mitomycin C (4 mg.kg(-1) b.w.). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). The results showed no significant reduction of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the data indicate that C. regium roots aqueous extract, for the conditions used, did not exhibit the antimutagenic effect.
Asunto(s)
Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Bixaceae/química , Células de la Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Pruebas de Micronúcleos/métodos , Animales , Ciclofosfamida/toxicidad , Masculino , Ratones , Mitomicina/toxicidad , Mutágenos/toxicidad , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
A typical Brazilian plant, araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.), is widely used in humans as therapeutic medicine to treat several diseases such as diarrhea, rheumatism and syphilis. It contains acetogenins which present cytotoxic, antitumogenic, and antiparasitic properties. In this study, mutagenic, antimutagenic and cytotoxic effects of araticum leaves ethanolic extract were evaluated by micronucleus test in mice. To evaluate the mutagenic activity, animals were treated with ethanolic extract of araticum (EEA) using 10, 20, 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg-1. For all doses, micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes (MNPCE) frequency was evaluated at 24, 48 and 72 hours after treatment. To evaluate the antimutagenic activity, animals were treated with 10, 20, 50 and 100 mg.kg-1 of EEA and 4 mg.kg-1 of MMC simultaneously. The frequency of MNPCE was evaluated 36 hours after exposure. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by the polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). In the mutagenicity assessment, all doses of EEA resulted in no significant increase of MNPCE (P > 0.05), compared to solvent- control group. Regarding administration time, no significant difference among three evaluation periods was observed (P > 0.05). Such results indicate that EEA did not exert mutagenic activity. Cytotoxicity was evident in doses of 50, 100 and 160 mg.kg-1 at 24 and 48 hours after exposure. Concerning antimutagenicity, except the 10 mg.kg-1 co-administered with 4 mg/kg of MMC, all doses reduced significantly the frequency of MNPCE compared to the positive control group (P < 0.05). These results, therefore, indicate an antimutagenic activity of the EEA. Cytotoxicity was significantly increased (P < 0.01) at 100 mg.kg-1 EEA doses co-administered with 4 mg.kg-1 of MMC.
O araticum (Annona crassiflora Mart.) é uma planta tipicamente brasileira, largamente utilizada em humanos como remédio para o tratamento de diversas doenças como diarréia, reumatismo e sífilis. Esta planta contém acetogeninas que apresentam propriedades citotóxica, antitumorigênica e antiparasitária. Neste estudo, foram avaliados os possíveis efeitos mutagênico, antimutagênico e citotóxico do extrato etanólico de folhas de araticum, pelo teste de micronúcleos em camundongos. Para a investigação da atividade mutagênica, os animais foram tratados com o extrato etanólico de araticum (EEA) utilizando 10, 20, 50, 100 e 160 mg.kg-1. Para todas as doses, as freqüências de eritrócidos policromáticos micronucleados (MNPCE) foram avaliadas em 24, 48 e 72 horas após o tratamento. Para a investigação da atividade antimutagênica, os animais foram tratados com 10, 20, 50 e 100 mg.kg-1 de EEA simultaneamente com 4 mg.kg-1 de MMC. A freqüência de MNPCE foi avaliada após 36 horas de exposição. A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pela razão de eritrócitos policromáticos e normocromáticos (PCE/NCE). Na avaliação da mutagenicidade, todas as doses de EEA não aumentaram significativamente o número de MNPCE (P > 0,05), comparativamente as do grupo solvente-controle. Em relação ao tempo de administração, não foi constatada diferença significativa entre os 3 períodos avaliados (P > 0,05). Esses resultados indicam que o EEA não exerceu atividade mutagênica.A citotoxicidade foi evidente nas doses de 50, 100 e 160 mg.kg-1 em 24 e 48 horas depois da exposição. Em relação à antimutagenicidade, exceto para a dose de 10 mg.kg-1 co-administrada com 4 mg.kg-1 de MMC, todas reduziram significativamente a freqüência de MNPCE, comparativamente as do grupo controle positivo (P < 0,05). Esses resultados, portanto, indicam uma atividade antimutagênica do EEA. A citotoxicidade foi significativamente aumentada (P < 0,01) na dose de 100 mg.kg-1 de EEA co-administrada com 4 mg.kg-1 de MMC.
Asunto(s)
Animales , Masculino , Ratones , Annona/química , Antimutagênicos/farmacología , Médula Ósea/efectos de los fármacos , Eritrocitos Anormales/efectos de los fármacos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antimutagênicos/aislamiento & purificación , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Pruebas de MicronúcleosRESUMEN
Cochlospermum regium (Mart. and Schr.) Pilger, popularly known as "algodãozinho do campo", is a medicinal plant that grows in the Cerrado of Brazil. This plant has been used in traditional medicine against various diseases such as leucorrhoea, gastritis and ulcers. It has also been effective in treating skin problems like pimples, boils and blotches. In the present study, the in vivo antimutagenicity of aqueous extract of C. regium was evaluated. The Micronucleus Test was performed in polychromatic erythrocytes from Swiss male mice treated with one of the four doses of extract of the plant (19, 38, 76 and 114 mg.kg-1 body weight), administered by intraperitonial injection (i.p.) simultaneously with cyclophosphamide (24 mg.kg-1 b.w.) or mitomycin C (4 mg.kg-1 b.w.). The cytotoxicity was evaluated by polychromatic and normochromatic erythrocytes ratio (PCE/NCE). The results showed no significant reduction of the micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes frequency (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the data indicate that C. regium roots aqueous extract, for the conditions used, did not exhibit the antimutagenic effect.
Cochlospermum regium (Mart. & Schr.) Pilger, conhecido popularmente como "algodãozinho-do-campo", é uma planta medicinal que cresce no Cerrado brasileiro. Esta planta tem sido utilizada na medicina tradicional contra várias doenças como leucorréia, gastrites e úlceras. Esta também tem se mostrado efetiva no tratamento de doenças de pele como espinhas, furúnculos e manchas. No presente estudo, foi avaliada a antimutagenicidade do extrato aquoso de C. regium pelo Teste do Micronúcleo in vivo. Este ensaio foi realizado em eritrócitos policromáticos de camundongos machos Swiss tratados com quatro concentrações diferentes do extrato da planta (19, 38, 76 e 114 mg.kg-1 por peso corpóreo), administrado por injeção intraperitonial (i.p.) simultaneamente com ciclofosfamida (24 mg.kg-1 p.c.) ou mitomicina C (4 mg.kg-1 p.c.). A citotoxicidade foi avaliada pela razão eritrócitos policromáticos e normocromáticos (PCE/NCE). Os resultados obtidos não mostraram redução significativa da freqüência de eritrócitos policromáticos micronucleados (P > 0,05). Em conclusão, os resultados indicam que o extrato aquoso de raiz de C. regium, para as condições utilizadas, não exibiu efeito antimutagênico.