RESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate the influence of Astragalus membranaceus (AM), Adenophora triphylla (AT), and Ulmus pumila (UP) extracts on the quality traits, palatability, and storage stability of sous-vide (SV) cooked chicken breasts. Chicken breasts were marinated in AM, AT, or UP extracts for 1 h, and then consistently cooked at a constant temperature of 60°C for 2 h. SV cooked chicken breasts with the UP extract exhibited lower lightness and higher yellowness values on the surface region compared to those with the AM and AT extracts (p<0.05). The control and UP groups displayed a similar overall visual acceptability (p>0.05), although the UP group had lower color acceptability (p<0.01). The UP group also had higher flavor and lower off-flavor intensities compared to the control group (p<0.05), although similar scores were observed in tenderness attributes and juiciness among the groups (p>0.05). Owing to these results regarding overall sensory acceptability, samples from the UP group were more preferred by the trained panelists compared to samples from the control group (p<0.001). On 14 d of cold storage, all the groups with herbal medicinal extracts exhibited a lower concentration of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances than the control group (p<0.05), and the AT and UP groups showed lower values compared to the AM group due to their higher flavonoid contents (p<0.001). Therefore, meat marination with herbal plant extracts before SV cooking can be effective for enhancing the overall quality of SV cooked chicken breast.
RESUMEN
Arctiin, a lignin isolated from Arctium lappa, exhibits a variety of biological effects, including antiviral, antiinflammatory, and antiproliferative actions, in mammalian cells. In a previous study, arctiin was demonstrated to induce procollagen type I synthesis and exhibited protective effects against ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation in normal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDFs). However, the underlying molecular mechanism of arctiinmediated collagen synthesis remains unknown. In the present study, the mechanism for increased expression of collagen type 1α 1 chain (COL1A1) mRNA in arctiininduced nHDFs was identified. The expression of microRNA378b (miR378b), downregulated by arctiin, was correlated with the expression of sirtuin6 (SIRT6) mRNA, a regulator of COL1A1 mRNA. Furthermore, it was revealed that arctiin protected the UVB radiationmediated decrease in COL1A1 mRNA expression, through the miR378b/SIRT6 signaling pathway. In conclusion, these results suggest that arctiin regulates COL1A1 through the miR378bSIRT6 axis.
Asunto(s)
Colágeno Tipo I/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Furanos/farmacología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Glucósidos/farmacología , MicroARNs/genética , ARN Mensajero/genética , Sirtuinas/genética , Supervivencia Celular , Células Cultivadas , Cadena alfa 1 del Colágeno Tipo I , Dermis/citología , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de la radiación , Humanos , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Interferencia de ARN , Rayos UltravioletaRESUMEN
Selenium (Se) has been utilized in the differentiation of primary pig and rat preadipocytes, indicating that it may have proadipogenic potential; however, some studies have also demonstrated that Se has antiadipogenic activity. In this study, chicken embryonic fibroblasts (CEFs) were used to investigate the role of Se in adipogenesis in vitro and in ovo. Se supplementation increased lipid droplet accumulation and inhibited proliferation of cultured CEFs isolated from 6-day-old embryos dose-dependently. This suggests that Se may play a role in cell cycle inhibition, thereby promoting the differentiation of fibroblasts to adipocytes. Se did not stimulate adipogenic differentiation of CEFs isolated from 9- to 12-day-old embryos, implying a permissive stage of adipogenic determination by Se at earlier embryonic ages. Microarray analysis comparing control and Se treatments on CEFs from 6-day-old embryos and confirmatory analysis by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that genes involved in adipocyte determination and differentiation, fatty acid uptake and triacylglycerol synthesis were up-regulated. In addition, up-regulation of an anti-lipolytic G0/G1 switch gene 2 and down-regulation of a prolipolytic monoglyceride lipase may lead to inhibition of lipolysis by Se. Both osteogenic and myogenic genes were down-regulated, and several genes related to oxidative stress response during adipogenesis were up-regulated. In ovo injection of Se at embryonic day 8 increased adipose tissue mass by 30% and caused adipocyte hypertrophy in 17-day-old chicken embryos, further supporting the proadipogenic role of Se during the embryonic development of chickens. These results suggest that Se plays a significant role in several mechanisms related to adipogenesis.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos/farmacocinética , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Lipólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Selenio/farmacología , Triglicéridos/metabolismo , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/embriología , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/genética , Tamaño de la Célula/efectos de los fármacos , Células Cultivadas , Embrión de Pollo , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Ácidos Grasos/genética , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Fibroblastos/metabolismo , Regulación del Desarrollo de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Redes Reguladoras de Genes/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Lipólisis/genética , Mioblastos/citología , Mioblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Triglicéridos/genéticaRESUMEN
Various chemicals have been reported to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into cardiomyocytes (CMs), however, their contributions to the functionality of hESC-derived CMs are still limited. In this study, we evaluated the effects of red ginseng extract (RGE), ginsenoside-Rb1 (gRb1, panaxadiol), and ginsenoside-Re (gRe, panaxatriol) on the differentiation of hESCs and the functionality of derived CMs. Undifferentiated hESCs were treated with 0.25 mg/mL RGE, 10 µmol/L gRb1, or 10 µmol/L gRe for 48 hours at the differentiation induction (early stage) or maturation (late stage) period. The expression of mesodermal and cardiac transcription factor genes was upregulated in the ginsenoside-treated groups from early stage. The expression of cardiac sarcomeric genes was significantly upregulated at the late stage. The gRb1- and gRe-treated groups upregulated the expression of potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily E member 1 (KCNE1) and the gRe-treated group showed a longer beating duration compared to the control. Taken together, ginsenosides may enhance the functionality of hESC-derived CMs in vitro.
Asunto(s)
Células Madre Embrionarias/efectos de los fármacos , Células Madre Embrionarias/fisiología , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Miocitos Cardíacos/efectos de los fármacos , Miocitos Cardíacos/fisiología , Panax , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Diferenciación Celular/fisiología , Células Cultivadas , HumanosRESUMEN
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have capacities to self-renew and differentiate into all cell types in vitro. Red ginseng (RG) is known to have a wide range of pharmacological effects in vivo; however, the reports on its effects on hESCs are few. In this paper, we tried to demonstrate the effects of RG on the proliferation and differentiation of hESCs. Undifferentiated hESCs, embryoid bodies (EBs), and hESC-derived cardiac progenitors (CPs) were treated with RG extract at 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5 mg/mL. After treatment of undifferentiated hESCs from day 2 to day 6 of culture, BrdU labeling showed that RG treatment increased the proliferation of hESCs, and the expression of Oct4 and Nanog was increased in RG-treated group. To find out the effects of RG on early differentiation stage cells, EBs were treated with RG extract for 10 days and attached for further differentiation. Immunostaining for three germ layer markers showed that RG treatment increased the expressions of Brachyury and HNF3ß on EBs. Also, RG treatment increased the expression of Brachyury in early-stage and of Nkx2.5 in late-stage hESC-derived CPs. These results demonstrate facilitating effects of RG extract on the proliferation and early differentiation of hESC.
RESUMEN
MicroRNAs (miRs) are known to repress target genes at posttranscriptional level and play important roles in the maturation of cells. However, the expression profiles of miRs during follicular maturation have not been fully elucidated. This study was designed to investigate the expression profiles of miRs in murine follicles according to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment and vitamin C status during in vitro culture. Ovaries were removed from the 12-day-old wild-type and vitamin C-deficient (L-gulonogammalactone oxidase knockout, Gulo-/-) C57BL6 mice. Preantral follicles were isolated and cultured in 20 µL droplets of culture media supplemented with follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone (FSH + LH). After their full maturation, follicles were divided into 2 groups: with and without hCG treatment. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using oocytes and granulosa cells (G-cells) to evaluate the miRs known to be expressed mainly in the mouse ovary. After the addition of hCG, miR profiles showed divergent changes between oocytes and G-cells. These profiles significantly differed from those of hCG(-) group. Compared to wild type, Gulo-/- mice showed altered miR profiles in matured oocytes and G-cells. Conclusively, hCG supplementation and vitamin C status alter the miR expression profiles in oocytes and G-cells during in vitro growth of murine follicles.
Asunto(s)
Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/metabolismo , Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , MicroARNs/genética , Folículo Ovárico/crecimiento & desarrollo , Animales , Deficiencia de Ácido Ascórbico/genética , Gonadotropina Coriónica/farmacología , Medios de Cultivo , Femenino , Hormona Folículo Estimulante/farmacología , Células de la Granulosa/química , L-Gulonolactona Oxidasa/deficiencia , L-Gulonolactona Oxidasa/genética , Hormona Luteinizante/farmacología , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Noqueados , MicroARNs/análisis , Oocitos/química , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Ovárico/metabolismo , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Técnicas de Cultivo de TejidosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate whether sodium nitroprusside (SNP) treatment during the superovulation process improves ovarian response and oocyte developmental competence in aged female mice. DESIGN: Controlled experimental study. SETTING: Large urban medical center. ANIMAL(S): C57BL inbred female mice of three age groups: 6 to 9, 14 to 16, and 25 to 27 weeks. INTERVENTION(S): Female mice were co-injected intraperitoneally with SNP (1 muM or 10 muM) and pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin (PMSG), followed by human chorionic gonadotropin injection 48 hours later and then mated with individual males. After 18 hours, zygotes were flushed and the ovaries were isolated. The control group was injected with PMSG. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The number of zygotes flushed, embryo development to blastocyst stage, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in ovary. RESULT(S): Treatment with SNP statistically significantly increased the number of flushed zygotes and blastocyst formation rate in mice aged 25 to 27 weeks, not but in mice aged less than 16 weeks compared with the control group. The SNP treatment in aged mice increased VEGF expression of the ovary in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION(S): These results demonstrate that SNP treatment during the superovulation process improves ovarian response and oocyte developmental competence in aged female. The positive effect of SNP may be associated with increased VEGF expression.
Asunto(s)
Nitroprusiato/farmacología , Ovario/efectos de los fármacos , Ovario/metabolismo , Superovulación/efectos de los fármacos , Factor A de Crecimiento Endotelial Vascular/metabolismo , Factores de Edad , Animales , Recuento de Células , Células Cultivadas , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Embrión de Mamíferos , Desarrollo Embrionario/efectos de los fármacos , Desarrollo Embrionario/fisiología , Femenino , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Recuperación del Oocito , Ovario/fisiología , EmbarazoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between osteoprotegerin (OPG), receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappaB (RANK), and RANK ligand (RANKL) gene polymorphisms and circulating OPG, soluble RANKL (sRANKL) levels, and bone mineral density (BMD) in Korean postmenopausal women. DESIGN: The OPG gene A163G, G209A, T245G, and G1181C polymorphisms, the RANK gene C421T and C575T polymorphisms, and the RANKL rs12721445 and rs2277438 polymorphisms were analyzed in 385 Korean postmenopausal women. Levels of serum OPG, soluble RANKL, osteocalcin, C-telopeptide of type I collagen, parathyroid hormone, calcium, and phosphorus and BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck were measured. RESULTS: The A163G, G209A, and T245G polymorphisms in the OPG gene were in complete linkage. The RANK C421T and C575T polymorphisms and the RANKL rs12711445 polymorphism were not observed. An association with BMD was found only for the OPG G1181C polymorphism, and BMD at the lumbar spine in women with the CC genotype was significantly higher than in women with the GC or GG genotype, with a C allele dose effect. In itself, the RANKL rs2277438 polymorphism was not related to BMD, but by combining the RANKL genotypes with the GC genotypes of the OPG G1181C polymorphism, the association with BMD at the lumbar spine became significant. No significant differences in the levels of any biochemical marker among genotypes of these polymorphisms were found. CONCLUSIONS: The OPG gene G1181C polymorphism, alone and in combination with the RANKL rs2277438 polymorphism, was identified as a genetic factor associated with BMD of the lumbar spine in Korean women.