RESUMEN
Subcritical water extracts of chokeberry (Aronia melanocarpa) stems were chemically and biologically characterised. Chemical profile was defined by GC-MS analysis whereas anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic and tyrosinase-inhibitory activities of the extracts were investigated by in vitro assays. Antioxidant activity assays revealed strong activity against DPPH radical (IC50 = 0.1 mg/mL) and reducing power (IC50 = 0.25 mg/mL). The extracts demonstrated remarkable amylase (0.59 mmol ACAE/g) and glucosidase (7.50 mmol ACAE/g) inhibitory effects. Anti-tyrosinase activity of aronia stem extracts obtained by subcritical water was calculated to be 15.87 mg KAE/g extract. GC-MS analysis of chokeberry stem subcritical water extracts revealed the presence of different chemical classes. The compounds present in the highest concentrations were polyols arabitol (13.7%), xylitol (3.5%), and glycerol (1.96%), as well as sugars such as fructose (3.04%), ribose (1.99%) and xylulose (1.18%).
Asunto(s)
Antioxidantes/farmacología , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/farmacología , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Photinia/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/química , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos de Bifenilo/química , Pruebas de Enzimas/métodos , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/instrumentación , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/análisis , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/química , Inhibidores de Glicósido Hidrolasas/aislamiento & purificación , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Monosacáridos/análisis , Monosacáridos/química , Monosacáridos/aislamiento & purificación , Monosacáridos/farmacología , Oxidación-Reducción/efectos de los fármacos , Picratos/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Tallos de la Planta/química , Alcoholes del Azúcar/análisis , Alcoholes del Azúcar/química , Alcoholes del Azúcar/aislamiento & purificación , Alcoholes del Azúcar/farmacología , Agua/químicaRESUMEN
Cherry stems have been used in traditional medicine mostly for the treatment of urinary tract infections. Extraction with subcritical water, according to its selectivity, efficiency and other aspects, differs substantially from conventional extraction techniques. The complexity of plant subcritical water extracts is due to the ability of subcritical water to extract different chemical classes of different physico-chemical properties and polarities in a single run. In this paper, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) with simultaneous derivatisation was optimised for the analysis of complex subcritical water extracts of cherry stems to allow simple and rapid preparation prior to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). After defining optimal extracting and dispersive solvents, the optimised method was used for the identification of compounds belonging to different chemical classes in a single analytical run. The developed sample preparation protocol enabled simultaneous extraction and derivatisation, as well as convenient coupling with GC-MS analysis, reducing the analysis time and number of steps. The applied analytical protocol allowed simple and rapid chemical screening of subcritical water extracts and was used for the comparison of subcritical water extracts of sweet and sour cherry stems. Graphical abstract DLLME GC MS analysis of cherry stem extracts obtained by subcritical water.