[The implications of cervical spine degenerative and traumatic diseases in the pathogenesis of cervical vertigo and hearing loss]. / Implicatiile bolilor degenerative si traumatice ale coloanei cervicale in geneza vertijului cervical si a hipoacuziei.

AIM: Cervical spine together with vestibular system,visual system and proprioceptive afferents plays an important role in mentaining balance. Spine damage causes distortions in transmitting informations to the brain,favoring vertigo. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The authors point out the occurrence of positional vertigo on 23 patients (20 patients with cervical spondylosis and 3 patients with cervical spine injury) due to blood flow disturbance through vertebral artery. RESULTS: The mechano-receptors located in intervertebral disks and cervical spine muscles are activated by column movement. Changes of blood flow in the vertebral and basilar arteries are showed up by cervical X-Rays, intracranial Doppler ultrasound or angio-MRI, an audiogram marking out the degree of hearing loss or tinnitus occurence. ENT complex treatment outcomes are analyzed and balneo-physio-therapy performed in order to improve vertigo and hearing loss. CONCLUSIONS: Stress beside muscle overload and cervical spine injures causes alteration in the ear blood-flow circulation that leads to hearing loss, vertigo and tinnitus. It emphasies the need for collaboration between balneologist and ENT specialist in solving balance and hearing disorders with cervicogenic cause.

[Significance of auditory and kinesthetic feedback in vocal training of young professional singers (students)]. / Importanta feedback-ului auditiv si a celui kinestezic în antrenamentul vocal al tinerilor artisti lirici.

The study was to estimate the significance of auditory and kinesthetic feedback to an accurate control of fundamental frequency (F0) in 18 students beginning a professional singing education. The students sing an ascending and descending triad pattern covering their entire pitch range with and without making noise in legato and staccato and in a slow and fast tempo. F0 was measured by a computer program. The interval sizes between adjacent tones were determined and their departures from equally tempered tuning were calculated, the deviation from this tuning were used as a measure of the accuracy of intonation. Intonation accuracy was reduced by masking noise, by staccato as opposed to legato singing, and by fast as opposed to slow performance. The contribution of the auditory feedback to pitch control was not significantly improved after education, whereas the kinesthetic feedback circuit was improved in slow legato and slow staccato tasks. The results support the assumption that the kinesthetic feedback contributes substantially to intonation accuracy.