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BACKGROUND: This study was carried out to assess the effects of omega-3 supplementation as an adjunct treatment for eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the literature using the terms 'anorexia nervosa' AND 'Fatty Acids, Omega-3'. Five randomised controlled trials with a total of 144 participants, published between 2003 and 2022, were included. RESULTS: The effects of supplementation of omega-3 on anxiety were standardised mean difference (SMD) 0.79, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.08 to 1.66; p = 0.08; I² = 3%; two studies, 33 participants; moderate quality of evidence. For depression, the supplementation of omega-3 was SMD: 0.22, 95% CI: -0.50 to 0.93; p = 0.18; I² = 45%; two studies, 33 participants; moderate quality of evidence. For obsessive-compulsive disorder, the supplementation of omega-3 was SMD: -0.22, 95% CI: -0.70 to 2.25; p = 0.36; I² = 0%; three studies, 32 participants; low quality of evidence. CONCLUSION: This research showed that regardless of dose, time or, if associated with other components, the use of omega-3 supplementations as an adjuvant treatment showed no evidence of effect in eating and psychological symptoms in patients with anorexia nervosa.
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Anorexia Nerviosa , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3 , Humanos , Anorexia , Anorexia Nerviosa/complicaciones , Anorexia Nerviosa/tratamiento farmacológico , Ansiedad/tratamiento farmacológico , Ácidos GrasosRESUMEN
Background: The increase in life expectancy and in the number of individuals over 60 years old brings new demands to health professionals and services based on the physiological changes that occur in this population. The aging process results in changes in body composition, increasing body fat and reducing muscle mass, in addition to a reduction in bone mass. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of whey protein and vitamin D supplementation on body composition and skeletal muscle in older adults living in long-term care facilities. Methods: This study is a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Thirty older adults (>60 years old) were randomized and allocated in three groups: group receiving resistance training and supplementation receiving resistance training, whey protein and vitamin D; group received resistance and placebo training receiving resistance training and placebo, and control group without any intervention. Body composition was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry at baseline, 12 weeks, and 24 weeks. Results: The mean age was 74.87 (± 8.14) years. A significant difference (p = 0.042) was observed between the group receiving resistance training and supplementation and control groups in relation to lean mass increase (kg) at 24 weeks. After 24 weeks of intervention, there was a significant increase in Relative index of muscle mass for the two groups that underwent resistance training, group received resistance and placebo training (p = 0.042) and group receiving resistance training and supplementation (p = 0.045), in relation to the control. Conclusion: Combined supplementation of whey protein and vitamin D with resistance training can significantly improve lean mass, total mass, and relative index of muscle mass in institutionalized older adults.
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Fuerza Muscular , Entrenamiento de Fuerza , Humanos , Anciano , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proteína de Suero de Leche/uso terapéutico , Suplementos Dietéticos , Músculo Esquelético/fisiología , Vitaminas , Vitamina D , Método Doble Ciego , Composición CorporalRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Cisplatin-based chemotherapy is the standard cancer therapy; however, this treatment causes depletion of ovarian follicles in women of reproductive age. Adjuvant treatment with melatonin can protect the ovaries from oxidative stress, reducing the side effects of chemotherapy. The objective was to evaluate the effects of the use of melatonin on the ovarian follicles of mice treated with cisplatin. METHODOLOGY: A systematic review was performed. The search strategy used the terms: "cisplatin", "melatonin," and "ovarian". MEDLINE EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and gray literature (Google Scholar) were used as databases. The search was limited to experimental studies, performed on animals, with no language restrictions. RESULTS: The search identified 30 studies and 5 primary studies, published between 2016 and 2021, and met the inclusion criteria, with a total of 115 mice. For the p-FOX3a/FOXO3a pathway, the meta-analysis showed a standard mean difference (SMD) of -4.79 (95% CI -6.16 to -3.42; P < 0.00001, two studies, 38 mice; I2 = 0%). For the p-PTEN pathway, the meta-analysis showed an SMD of -1.65 (95% CI -2.71 to -0.59; P = 0.002, two studies, 38 mice; I2 = 47%). CONCLUSION: Melatonin variation in efficacy varies according to the dose used in mice previously exposed to cisplatin. However, melatonin was able to alter the p-PTEN and p-FOX3a/FOXO3a pathways.
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Melatonina , Folículo Ovárico , Animales , Femenino , Ratones , Cisplatino/uso terapéutico , Melatonina/farmacología , Folículo Ovárico/efectos de los fármacos , Folículo Ovárico/metabolismoRESUMEN
Abstract Objectives: to assess the effects of vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy on the outcomes of vitamin D concentration in newborns, length at birth, overall health (Apgar), birth weight and maternal vitamin D concentration after childbirth. Methods: this research was conducted in the electronic databases of MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE and Cochrane Library until December 2020, using the terms "vitamin D", "pregnancy", "vitamin D deficiency", "infant", "newborn" and their synonyms. Randomized controlled trials were searched by evaluating the effects of maternal vitamin D supplementation in neonates. The data was analyzed on RevMan 5.4 software and the quality of evidence on GRADE. Results: the newborn's overall health condition was presented as Apgar, with a mean difference (MD) of 0.15 (CI95%=0.06-0.25; p=0.002; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the first minute and 0.11 (CI95%=0.04-0.17; p=0.001; I2=0%, two studies, 648 participants, moderate quality evidence) at the fifth minute. Significant effects were also presented at the length at birth considering any supplemented dose (MD=0.19; CI95%=0.08-0.30; p=0.0010; I2=0%, 1452 participants, low quality evidence) and birth weight in doses higher than 4000IU/day (MD=257.05 (CI95%=137.81-376.29; p<0.0001; I2=14%, 176 participants, moderate quality evidence). Conclusion: vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy improves serum 25 (OH) D concentration and suggests positive effects on overall health condition, length at birth and birth weight. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.
Resumo Objetivos: avaliar os efeitos da suplementação materna de vitamina D durante a gravidez nos desfechos concentração de vitamina D no recém-nascido, comprimento ao nascer, estado geral de saúde (Apgar), peso ao nascer e concentração de vitamina D materna após o nascimento. Métodos: a pesquisa foi conduzida nas bases de dados eletrônicas MEDLINE, LILACS, EMBASE e Cochrane Library até dezembro de 2020, utilizando os termos "vitamin D", "pregnancy", "vitamin D deficiency", "infant", "newborn" e seus sinônimos. Pesquisou-se por ensaios clínicos randomizados avaliando os efeitos da suplementação materna de vitamina D no neonato. Os dados foram analisados pelo software RevMan 5.4 e a avaliação da qualidade das evidências pelo GRADE. Resultados: o estado geral de saúde do recém-nascido foi apresentado como Apgar, com uma diferença de média (DM) de 0,15 (IC95%=0,06-0,25; p=0,002; I2=0%, dois estudos, 648 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada) para o teste no primeiro minuto e 0,11 (IC95%=0,04-0,17; p=0,001; I2=0%, dois estudos, 648 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada) para quinto minuto. Efeitos significativos também foram apresentados para o comprimento ao nascer em qualquer dose suplementada (DM=0,19 (IC95%=0,08-0,30; p=0,0010; I2=0%, 1452 participantes, evidência de baixa qualidade) e peso ao nascer em doses maiores que 4000UI/dia (DM=257,05 (IC95%=137,81-376,29; p<0,0001; I2=14%, 176 participantes, evidência de qualidade moderada). Conclusão: a suplementação de vitamina D durante a gravidez melhora a concentração sérica de 25 (OH)D e sugere apresentar efeitos positivos no estado geral de saúde, comprimento ao nascer e peso ao nascer. PROSPERO CRD42017073292.
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Humanos , Femenino , Embarazo , Recién Nacido , Lactante , Vitamina D/farmacología , Deficiencia de Vitamina D/prevención & control , Peso al Nacer/efectos de los fármacos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Tamaño Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Cefalometría , Mujeres Embarazadas , Nutrición MaternaRESUMEN
Among the main consequences of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are menstrual dysfunction, infertility, hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, and weight gain; in aggravated cases, it can become a risk factor for the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. We hypothesized that green tea can be an option to complement the treatment of PCOS. Thus, this systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of green tea supplementation in women with PCOS. We searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated women with PCOS who received green tea compared with placebo in electronic databases: MEDLINE via PubMed, EMBASE via Elsevier, Cochrane Library, LILACS via BVS, and Web of Science using the terms: "polycystic ovary syndrome," "green tea," "Camellia sinensis," "epigallocatechin gallate." The outcomes listed in the study protocol were body weight, fasting insulin, body mass index, body fat percentage, daily caloric intake, waist circumference, hip circumference, and waist/hip ratio. Four double-blind RCTs were included, with a total of 169 women: 85 in the green tea group and 84 in the placebo group. We found a significantly lower body weight (kg) for green tea group (mean difference, -2.80; 95% confidence interval, -5.25 to -0.35; P = .03; I² = 0%; 4 studies, 169 participants, very low-quality evidence). Green tea has potential positive effects for the reduction of weight, and future studies will be needed to confirm the estimated effect size; we reasonably expect this to be an option of adjuvant treatment in PCOS clinical management. Registration number: CRD42021226296.
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Resistencia a la Insulina , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico , Femenino , Humanos , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/complicaciones , Síndrome del Ovario Poliquístico/tratamiento farmacológico , Ensayos Clínicos Controlados Aleatorios como Asunto , Té , Circunferencia de la Cintura , Pérdida de PesoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Human colostrum has been used in a number of investigations when preterm human infants cannot, for any reason, breastfeed directly from their mothers. One of the growing fields in these investigations is colostrum therapy, which consists of exposing the oropharyngeal mucosa of these preterm newborns to small amounts of raw colostrum. RESEARCH AIM: To critically review the scientific evidence about colostrum therapy in premature infants and to explore its influences on the immune system. METHODS: This systematic review was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA statement). The following databases were searched for potentially eligible studies up to March 10, 2021: Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase. Two reviewers independently screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts for eligibility. RESULTS: A total of 12 studies with 996 participants were included. A significant difference in lactoferrin levels in the urine was found (SMD 0.70; 95% CI [0.03,1.36]; p = .04; I² = 65% two studies, 112 participants, very low-quality evidence). CONCLUSION: Colostrum seems to result in increasing lactoferrin levels in the urine of premature newborns after 1 week of intervention. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: The study was registered at PROSPERO with the number CRD42017073624, submitted on August 9, 2017.
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Calostro , Enfermedades del Prematuro , Lactancia Materna , Femenino , Humanos , Sistema Inmunológico , Lactante , Recién Nacido , Lactoferrina , EmbarazoRESUMEN
AIM: We performed a systematic review to map the evidence and analyze the effect of whey protein supplementation in the elderly submitted to resistance training. METHODS: A comprehensive search on Medline, LILACS, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library for relevant publications was conducted until August 2015. The terms used in the search were: "Resistance training"; "Whey protein"; "Elderly". RESULTS: A total of 632 studies were screened. Five studies were included composing a sample of 391 patients. The supplement whey protein was associated with higher total protein ingestion 9.40 (95% CI: 4.03-14.78), and with an average change in plasma leucine concentration. The supplementation was also associated with increased mixed muscle protein synthesis 1.26 (95% CI: 0.46-2.07) compared to the control group. CONCLUSION: We observed an increase in total protein intake, resulting in increased concentration of leucine and mixed muscle protein fractional synthesis rate.