RESUMEN
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a new type of dietary fiber - high specific volume polysaccharide (HSVP) - on fecal properties, serum vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) concentration, intestinal flora count, and expression of the VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway. MATERIAL AND METHODS Compound diphenoxylate was used in 48 healthy Wistar rats to establish a constipation model. Rats were divided into a normal control group, a constipation model group, an HSVP low-dose group, an HSVP medium-dose group, an HSVP high-dose group, and a fructose control group. We used colony count method, ELISA, WB, and RT-PCR to determine fecal moisture content, fecal hardness, fecal passage time, serum VIP concentration, number of intestinal bacteria, and VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signal pathway protein expression. RESULTS The constipation model was established successfully. HSVP (the medium dose was 10% and the high dose was 15%) improved fecal moisture content, reduced hardness, shortened fecal emptying time, increased intestinal bacteria, reduced serum VIP concentration, downregulated cAMP and PKAm RNA transcription, reduced protein expression, and reduced intestinal AQP3 expression. CONCLUSIONS HSVP improved constipation, increased the number of intestinal bacteria, and elevated expression of the VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway. The mechanism of HSVP in regulating intestinal water metabolism in constipated rats may occur through the VIP-cAMP-PKA-AQP3 signaling pathway, and be closely related to changes in intestinal bacteria. The important role of the brain-gut-microbiome axis in the pathogenesis of constipation has been confirmed in this study.
Asunto(s)
Estreñimiento/tratamiento farmacológico , Fibras de la Dieta/uso terapéutico , Intestinos/efectos de los fármacos , Polisacáridos/uso terapéutico , Agua/metabolismo , Animales , Acuaporina 3/genética , Acuaporina 3/metabolismo , Estreñimiento/sangre , Estreñimiento/genética , Estreñimiento/fisiopatología , AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Proteínas Quinasas Dependientes de AMP Cíclico/metabolismo , Fibras de la Dieta/farmacología , Heces , Microbioma Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Tránsito Gastrointestinal/efectos de los fármacos , Dureza , Humedad , Polisacáridos/química , Polisacáridos/farmacología , ARN Mensajero/genética , ARN Mensajero/metabolismo , Ratas Wistar , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/sangre , Péptido Intestinal Vasoactivo/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To develop an HPLC method for simultaneous determination of notoginsenoside R1 and ginsenosides Rg1 Re, Rh1, Rb1, Rd, Rk3, Rh4, 20(S)-Rg3 and 20(R)-Rg3 in raw and steamed Panax notoginseng root and rhizome. METHODS: Vision HT C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 µm) was used with the mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile-H2O in a gradient elution mode at the flow rate of 1.2 ml/min. The column temperature was maintained at 20 °C and the detection wavelength was set at 203 nm. RESULTS: The methodological study showed a good linear relationship ( r > 0. 9995 ) . The average recoveries of the ten saponins were 95.93%-102.54%. CONCLUSION: The method is accurate and reproducible, which can be used for simultaneous determination of saponins in raw and steamed Panax notoginseng root and rhizome, and can provide reference for the relationship between material basis and pharmacological effects.
Asunto(s)
Panax notoginseng/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Rizoma/química , Saponinas/análisis , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Ginsenósidos/análisis , Plantas Medicinales/química , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , VaporRESUMEN
Ginseng saponins are a type of important active substances in the ginseng genus plants. They have notable pharmacological activities of antineoplastic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, which have been drawn more attention to obtain minor ginsenosides by all kinds of methods. In this review, we discussed the latest progress for enrichment of minor ginsenosides by biological transformation of major ginsenosides. At the same time, we have a brief outlook of the research at bioconversion of ginseng saponins.
Asunto(s)
Bacterias/metabolismo , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/metabolismo , Ginsenósidos/metabolismo , Panax/metabolismo , Biotransformación , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Ginsenósidos/química , Panax/químicaRESUMEN
Ginseng saponins are a type of important active substances in the ginseng genus plants. They have notable pharmacological activities of antineoplastic, neuroprotective, and hepatoprotective activities, which have been drawn more attention to obtain minor ginsenosides by all kinds of methods. In this review, we discussed the latest progress for enrichment of minor ginsenosides by biological transformation of major ginsenosides. At the same time, we have a brief outlook of the research at bioconversion of ginseng saponins.