RESUMEN
This roadmap outlines the potential roles of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the field of radiation therapy. MNPs made up of a wide range of materials (from Titanium, Z = 22, to Bismuth, Z = 83) and a similarly wide spectrum of potential clinical applications, including diagnostic, therapeutic (radiation dose enhancers, hyperthermia inducers, drug delivery vehicles, vaccine adjuvants, photosensitizers, enhancers of immunotherapy) and theranostic (combining both diagnostic and therapeutic), are being fabricated and evaluated. This roadmap covers contributions from experts in these topics summarizing their view of the current status and challenges, as well as expected advancements in technology to address these challenges.
Asunto(s)
Nanopartículas del Metal/uso terapéutico , Nanomedicina Teranóstica/métodos , Humanos , Hipertermia InducidaRESUMEN
Localized tumor hyperthermia therapy has been intensively studied for the past three decades. One engineering limitation has been the difficulty of specifically targeting cancerous tissues in the normal tissue surroundings. Recent attention has turned to the deposition of nanoparticles in the tumor to enhance heating relative to its surroundings. The work in magnetic nanoparticles has focused on resonant hysteresis loop heating in the 100 to 300 kHz range, where that mechanism dominates - however extremely high magnetic field strengths are required to realize an advantage, up to 10(5) (A/m). We introduce experimental evidence that substantial advantages in heating can also be obtained at the microwave ISM frequency of 2.45 GHz when γ-hematite (Fe(2)O(3)) is dispersed in media at concentrations on the order of 10(12) particles/mL.