Estratégias utilizadas por enfermeiros da atenção primária na prevenção do câncer de colo do útero: revisão integrativa / Strategies used by primary care nurses in the prevention of cervical cancer: integrative review

Objetivo: identificar, na literatura científica, as estratégias utilizadas por enfermeiros da Atenção Primária para a prevenção do câncer de colo do útero. Métodos: revisão integrativa nas bases de dados EMBASE, LILACS (BVS), SCOPUS e Web of Science, entre março e abril de 2023. Após a busca, seguiu-se com leitura na íntegra dos artigos selecionados e extração dos dados para análise. A amostra final foi constituída por 5 estudos. Resultados: as principais estratégias utilizadas foram intervenções educativas, com predominância de palestras e posterior convite ou coleta de material para a realização do exame preventivo. Também foram utilizadas rodas de conversa (círculo de cultura), orientações por contato telefônico e oferta de ficha clínica auto preenchível na consulta de enfermagem. Conclusões: os estudos possibilitaram identificar estratégias positivas na prevenção do câncer de colo do útero, podendo direcionar enfermeiros a investir cada vez mais em metodologias voltadas a uma maior autonomia das mulheres

Objective: to identify, in the scientific literature, the strategies used by primary care nurses to prevent cervical cancer. Methods: An integrative review of the EMBASE, LILACS (BVS), SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases between March and April 2023. After the search, the selected articles were read in full, and the data were extracted for analysis. The final sample consisted of 5 studies. Results: the main strategies used were educational interventions, with a predominance of lectures and subsequent invitations or collection of material to carry out the preventive exam. Conversation circles (culture circles), telephone guidance, and the provision of a self-completed clinical form during the nursing consultation were also used. Conclusions: the studies made it possible to identify positive strategies for preventing cervical cancer, which could direct nurses to increasingly invest in methodologies aimed at increasing women's autonomy

Effects of feeding diets with zinc-l-selenomethionine on growth performance of broilers subjected to cyclic heat stress.

Limited information exists on the use of zinc-l-selenomethionine (Zn-L-SeMet) in broiler diets and its effects on the growth performance, body temperature, mortality rates, blood profile, and gene expression, especially when animals are reared under cyclic heat stress conditions. This study aimed to investigate the impact of Zn-L-SeMet in broiler diets from 1 to 42 days of age reared under cyclic heat stress and its effects on growth performance, cloacal temperatures, mortality rate, blood parameters, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene expression in the breast muscle. A total of 1000 male Cobb 500® broiler chicks were randomly assigned to five treatments: 0, 0.15, 0.23, 0.47, and 1.30 mg/kg of Zn-L-SeMet. Each treatment consisted of 10 replicates with 20 birds each. No statistically significant differences in growth performance were observed from 1 to 21 days of age (P > 0.05). However, from 1 to 42 days, feed intake (FI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Cloacal temperatures showed no significant effects (P > 0.05), while overall mortality rate exhibited a quadratic response (P < 0.05), with the optimal inclusion level predicted to reduce broiler mortality at 0.71 mg/kg. Triglyceride (TRG) levels increased with 0.97 mg/kg (P < 0.05), and gama-glutamil transferase (GGT) levels decreased with the inclusion of 1.19 mg/kg (P < 0.05). No significant effects on IGF-1 and GHR gene expression were found (P > 0.05). In conclusion, the inclusion of 1.30 mg/kg of Zn-L-SeMet in diets of heat-stressed broilers improved growth performance from 1 to 42 days of age. An inclusion of 0.71 mg/kg reduced mortality rate, while 0.97 mg and 1.19 mg increased and reduced TRG and GGT levels, respectively.

Outdoor airborne allergens: Characterization, behavior and monitoring in Europe.

Aeroallergens or inhalant allergens, are proteins dispersed through the air and have the potential to induce allergic conditions such as rhinitis, conjunctivitis, and asthma. Outdoor aeroallergens are found predominantly in pollen grains and fungal spores, which are allergen carriers. Aeroallergens from pollen and fungi have seasonal emission patterns that correlate with plant pollination and fungal sporulation and are strongly associated with atmospheric weather conditions. They are released when allergen carriers come in contact with the respiratory system, e.g. the nasal mucosa. In addition, due to the rupture of allergen carriers, airborne allergen molecules may be released directly into the air in the form of micronic and submicronic particles (cytoplasmic debris, cell wall fragments, droplets etc.) or adhered onto other airborne particulate matter. Therefore, aeroallergen detection strategies must consider, in addition to the allergen carriers, the allergen molecules themselves. This review article aims to present the current knowledge on inhalant allergens in the outdoor environment, their structure, localization, and factors affecting their production, transformation, release or degradation. In addition, methods for collecting and quantifying aeroallergens are listed and thoroughly discussed. Finally, the knowledge gaps, challenges and implications associated with aeroallergen analysis are described.

Oropharyngeal colostrum administration in neonates with gastroschisis: a randomized clinical trial.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of colostrum therapy on days to start a suckling diet in newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis. METHODS: Randomized clinical trial with newborns diagnosed with simple gastroschisis at a federal hospital in Rio de Janeiro who were randomized to receive oropharyngeal administration of 0.2mL of colostrum or a "sham procedure" during the first 3 days of life. The analysis included clinical outcomes such as days without food, days with parenteral feeding, days until the start of enteral feeding, days to reach complete enteral feeding, sepsis and length of hospital stay. RESULTS: The onset of oral feeding (suction) in patients with simple gastroschisis in both groups occurred at a median of 15 days. CONCLUSION: The present study showed that there were no significant differences in the use of colostrum therapy and the number of days to the start of enteral feeding and suction diet between groups of newborns with simple gastroschisis.

Extruded urea levels in lamb supplementation in rainy tropical savanna conditions: the triad host-gastrointestinal nematodes-environment.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of increasing levels of extruded urea (EU, Amireia®) in the diet of lambs naturally infected by gastrointestinal nematodes on the interactions in the host-pasture-soil components in edaphoclimatic conditions of the tropical rainy savanna. A total of 60 Texel lambs with a mean initial weight of 20.7 ± 0.87 and mean age of 2.5 ± 0.70 months were distributed in a completely randomized design, in five treatments consisting of different levels of EU supplementation viz., 0, 6, 12, 18, and 24 g 100 kg-1 live weight (LW). The performance of lambs, parasitological variables, gastrointestinal nematodes (NGIs), and larvae recovery in pasture and soil were evaluated. The highest animal performance was observed in animals that received 0 to 18 g kg-1 LW (146.0 g day-1) and the lowest in animals supplemented with 24 g kg-1 LW (81.0 g day-1) of EU. The body condition score (BCS) was similar in the animals (P > 0.05). Parasitic infection did not differ as a function of EU level (P > 0.05). Eggs of Haemonchus spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Cooperia spp., and Oesophagostomum spp. were found. The largest amount of larvae in the L1/L2 and L3 stages was recovered in the pastures occupied by the animals that received supplementation 0 g kg-1 LW of EU (750 larvae), the smallest in those that the animals received 6 g 100 kg-1 LW of EU (54 larvae). The presence of larvae in the L1/L2 stages changed significantly (P < 0.05) in the soil; in the other stages, it did not differ in the soil. Increasing levels of extruded urea do not influence the eggs per gram of feces (EPG) count. The 0 to 18 g 100 kg-1 LW level maintains animal performance, BCS and FAMACHA©. There is less dispersal of NGI larvae in pasture and soil when EU levels increase in the edaphoclimatic conditions of the rainy tropical savannah, which suggests that this supplement can be implemented in the diet of beef lambs, in addition to to be a lower cost nitrogen source.

Acute Effects of a Session with The EXOPULSE Mollii Suit in a Fibromyalgia Patient: A Case Report.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterized by widespread musculoskeletal pain and associated fatigue, sleep disturbances, and other cognitive and somatic symptoms. A multidisciplinary approach including pharmacological therapies along with behavioral therapy, exercise, patient education, and pain management is a possible solution for the treatment of this disease. The EXOPULSE Mollii® method (EXONEURAL NETWORK AB, Danderyd, Sweden) is an innovative approach for non-invasive and self-administered electrical stimulation with multiple electrodes incorporated in a full-body suit, with already proven benefits for other diseases. Therefore, the present case report study aims to evaluate the effects that a 60 min session with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit has on a female fibromyalgia patient. After the intervention, we can conclude that a 60 min session with the EXOPULSE Mollii suit has beneficial effects on pain perception, muscle oxygenation, parasympathetic modulation, and function in a female fibromyalgia patient.

Uso de suplementos nutricionais por crianças vivendo com HIV: revisão narrativa / Use of dietary supplements by children living with HIV: narrative review / Uso de suplementos dietéticos por niños que viven con el HIV: revisión narrativa

Introdução: A suplementação nutricional em pessoas vivendo com HIV ainda é pouco difundida, sendo essencial o levantamento de evidências que apontem as terapêuticas mais eficientes para beneficiar a saúde desta população. Ao se tratar do público infantil, no qual a prevalência de carências nutricionais é elevada, o conhecimento acerca da suplementação nutricional é bastante profícuo. Objetivo: Analisar relatórios de pesquisa acerca dos efeitos do uso de suplementos nutricionais em crianças vivendo com HIV. Desenho do estudo e local: Uma revisão narrativa realizada na Universidade Federal do Maranhão, em Imperatriz, município localizado no oeste do estado do Maranhão. Método: Foi realizada uma busca nos bancos de dados Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, WHO/OMS e biblioteca digital de teses e dissertações da USP entre setembro de 2021 a janeiro de 2022. Resultados: Foram incluídas 26 produções, as quais demonstraram que o uso de múltiplos nutrientes reduziu o tempo de hospitalização em crianças admitidas com diarreia ou pneumonia, melhorando a morbidade, concentração de hemoglobina e ganho ponderal. A oferta de ferro foi considerada satisfatória no combate à progressão da doença, vitamina A melhorou o quadro de diarreia persistente e vitamina D a habilidade motora neuromuscular. Conclusão: Os estudos sobre suplementação nutricional e a relação dos nutrientes com os diversos aspectos de saúde das crianças vivendo com HIV tem avançado. Logo, é necessário alargar as pesquisas no tema em contextos distintos, a fim de incrementar e gerar novas evidências, colaborando para uma conduta mais assertiva dos profissionais de saúde e consequente melhora no prognóstico dessas crianças.

Background: Providing nutritional supplementation to people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a therapeutic intervention still not widespread, so it is essential to gather evidence supporting efficient therapies to benefit the health of this population. The prevalence of nutritional deficiencies is high in children; consequently, the knowledge about nutritional supplementation in this age group is quite fruitful. Objective: To analyze research reports on the effects of nutritional supplementation in children living with HIV. Design and setting: A narrative review was conducted at the Federal University of Maranhão, Imperatriz, west of the Maranhão State. Methods: The searches were performed in the Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and World Health Organization (WHO) databases and the São Paulo University's digital library of theses and dissertations from September 2021 to January 2022. Results: Twenty-six studies were included and showed that using multiple nutrients reduced the hospitalization time of children admitted with diarrhea or pneumonia, improving morbidity, hemoglobin concentration, and weight gain. The supply of iron was considered effective in combating the progression of the disease, vitamin A improved the condition of persistent diarrhea, and vitamin D improved neuromuscular motor skills. Conclusion: Studies have advanced on nutritional supplementation, the relationship between nutrients, and the different health aspects of children living with HIV. Therefore, it is necessary to expand research on the subject in different contexts to increase and generate new evidence, contributing to more assertive conduct of health professionals and consequent improvement in the prognosis of these children.

Antecedentes: La administración de suplementos nutricionales a las personas que viven con el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) es una intervención terapéutica aún poco extendida, por lo que es fundamental reunir pruebas que apoyen terapias eficaces en beneficio de la salud de esta población. La prevalencia de deficiencias nutricionales es elevada en niños, por lo que el conocimiento sobre la suplementación nutricional en este grupo de edad es bastante fructífero. Objetivo: Analizar los informes de investigación sobre los efectos de la suplementación nutricional en niños que viven con el VIH. Diseño y escenario: Se realizó una revisión narrativa en la Universidad Federal de Maranhão, Imperatriz, al oeste del Estado de Maranhão. Métodos: Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus y Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) y en la biblioteca digital de tesis y disertaciones de la Universidad de São Paulo desde septiembre de 2021 hasta enero de 2022. Resultados: Se incluyeron 26 estudios que mostraron que el uso de múltiples nutrientes redujo el tiempo de hospitalización de los niños ingresados con diarrea o neumonía, mejorando la morbilidad, la concentración de hemoglobina y el aumento de peso. El aporte de hierro se consideró eficaz para combatir la progresión de la enfermedad, la vitamina A mejoró el cuadro de diarrea persistente y la vitamina D mejoró las habilidades motoras neuromusculares. Conclusiones: Los estudios han avanzado sobre la suplementación nutricional, la relación entre los nutrientes y los diferentes aspectos de la salud de los niños que viven con el VIH. Por lo tanto, es necesario ampliar las investigaciones sobre el tema en diferentes contextos para aumentar y generar nuevas evidencias, contribuyendo para una conducta más asertiva de los profesionales de salud y consecuente mejoría en el pronóstico de estos niños.

Use of prophylactic phototherapy for RhD neonatal disease in a referral service

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to describe the effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of infants with Neonatal Hemolytic Disease. Method: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 199 RhD-positive infants, born to RhD-negative mothers, alloimmunized for RhD antigen, between January 2009 and December 2018. Results: The incidence of exchange transfusions in the study population was 9.5%, with a mean maximum bilirubin value of 11.3 mg % (± 4.3mg %). Bilirubin's maximum peak was achieved with a mean of 119.2 life hours (± 70.6h). Conclusions: The low incidence of exchange transfusion, the extended maximum bilirubin peak for later ages, and the low mean of the maximum bilirubin values may indicate a positive effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of this disease. Further studies must be carried out to confirm these findings.

Use of prophylactic phototherapy for RhD neonatal disease in a referral service.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of infants with Neonatal Hemolytic Disease. METHOD: A retrospective cohort study was carried out with 199 RhD-positive infants, born to RhD-negative mothers, alloimmunized for RhD antigen, between January 2009 and December 2018. RESULTS: The incidence of exchange transfusions in the study population was 9.5%, with a mean maximum bilirubin value of 11.3 mg % (± 4.3mg %). Bilirubin's maximum peak was achieved with a mean of 119.2 life hours (± 70.6h). CONCLUSION: The low incidence of exchange transfusion, the extended maximum bilirubin peak for later ages, and the low mean of the maximum bilirubin values may indicate a positive effect of prophylactic phototherapy in the treatment of this disease. Further studies must be carried out to confirm these findings.

Atmospheric pollen allergen load and environmental patterns in central and southwestern Iberian Peninsula.

Over one quarter of the population in industrialised countries suffers from some type of allergy and inhaled aeroallergens from pollen are the primary cause of allergic ailments. The networks for monitoring biological air quality measure the airborne pollen concentrations that characterize periods of exposure to major airborne aeroallergens but there are certain discrepancies in relation to the allergen-pollen dynamic. In this paper we analyse the airborne allergens Ole e 1, Phl p 1, Phl p 5 and Pla a 1, and interpreted the adjustments and mismatches in their concentrations in relation to airborne pollen. The influence of main environmental patterns was considered. The study was conducted in two urban areas of the centre and southwest of the Iberian Peninsula (Toledo in Spain and Évora in Portugal). Monitoring for pollen followed the standard protocol using Hirst volumetric spore traps and allergenic particles were quantified by ELISA assay. The results indicate that the discrepancies in this relationship were affected by the weather conditions up to 6 days prior. Precipitation and humidity above normal values caused a higher concentration of the allergen Pla a 1. This effect occurred in reverse in the case of humidity for the allergens Ole e 1 and Phl p 1. Humidity and precipitation generated the same pattern in the allergen-pollen relationship in both Phl p 1 and Phl p 5. Our findings show consistent results that allow to interpret the rate of discrepancy between allergen and pollen, and it can be used to improve allergy risk prediction models generated from atmospheric pollen.

Neonatal Isoflurane Exposure in Rats Impairs Short-Term Memory, Cell Viability, and Glutamate Uptake in Slices of the Frontal Cerebral Cortex, But Not the Hippocampus, in Adulthood.

Neonatal exposure to general anesthetics has been associated with neurotoxicity and morphologic changes in the developing brain. Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic widely used in pediatric patients to induce general anesthesia, analgesia, and perioperative sedation. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a single neonatal isoflurane (3% in oxygen, 2 h) exposure in rats at postnatal day (PND) 7, in short-term (24 h - PND8) and long-term (adulthood) protocols. In PND8, ex vivo analysis of hippocampal and frontal cortex slices evaluated cell viability and susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge. In adult rats, behavioral parameters related to anxiety-like behavior, short-term memory, and locomotor activity (PND60-62) and ex vivo analysis of cell viability, membrane permeability, glutamate uptake, and susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge in hippocampal and cortical slices from PND65. A single isoflurane (3%, 2 h) exposure at PND7 did not acutely alter cell viability in cortical and hippocampal slices of infant rats (PND8) per se and did not alter slice susceptibility to in vitro glutamate challenge. In rat's adulthood, behavioral analysis revealed that the neonatal isoflurane exposure did not alter anxiety-like behavior and locomotor activity (open field and rotarod tests). However, isoflurane exposure impaired short-term memory evaluated in the novel object recognition task. Ex vivo analysis of brain slices showed isoflurane neonatal exposure selectively decreased cell viability and glutamate uptake in cortical slices, but it did not alter hippocampal slice viability or glutamate uptake (PND65). Isoflurane exposure did not alter in vitro glutamate-induced neurotoxicity to slices, and isoflurane exposure caused no significant long-term damage to cell membranes in hippocampal or cortical slices. These findings indicate that a single neonatal isoflurane exposure did not promote acute damage; however, it reduced cortical, but not hippocampal, slice viability and glutamate uptake in the adulthood. Additionally, behavioral analysis showed neonatal isoflurane exposure induces short-term recognition memory impairment, consolidating that neonatal exposure to volatile anesthetics may lead to behavioral impairment in the adulthood, although it may damage brain regions differentially.

Association between Elevated Iodine Intake and IQ among School Children in Portugal.

The goal of this work was to examine whether elevated iodine intake was associated with adverse effects on IQ among school-age children in Portugal. In a representative sample of children from the north of the country, IQ percentiles by age (assessed with Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices) were dichotomized to <50 ("below-average" IQs) and ≥50. Morning urine iodine concentrations, corrected for creatinine, were dichotomized to <250 µg/g and ≥250 µg/g, according to the European Commission/Scientific Committee on Food's tolerable upper level of daily iodine intake for young children. Data were examined with Chi-square tests, logistic regression, and GLM univariate analysis. The sample (N = 1965) was classified as generally iodine-adequate (median urinary iodine concentration = 129 µg/L; median iodine-to-creatinine ratio = 126 µg/g) according to the WHO's criteria. A greater proportion of children in the ≥250 µg/g group had below-average IQs, compared to children with less than 250 µg/g (p = 0.037), despite a sizable (though non-significant) proportion of children in the less-than-250 µg/g group also presenting below-average IQs, at the bottom of the iodine distribution (<50 µg/g). The proportion of below-average IQs increased with increasingly elevated iodine concentrations (p = 0.047). The association remained significant after the adjustment for confounders, with the elevated iodine group showing increased odds of having below-average IQs when compared with the non-elevated iodine group (OR 1.55; 95% CI 1.11−2.17; p = 0.011). Consistently, the former group presented a lower mean IQ than the latter (p = 0.006). High iodine intake was associated with lower IQs even in a population classified as iodine-adequate. These results bear on child cognition and on initiatives involving iodine supplementation.

Antibacterial Activity from Momordica charantia L. Leaves and Flavones Enriched Phase.

Momordica charantia L. (Cucurbitaceae) is a plant known in Brazil as "melão de São Caetano", which has been related to many therapeutic applications in folk medicine. Herein, we describe antibacterial activities and related metabolites for an extract and fractions obtained from the leaves of that species. An ethanolic extract and its three fractions were used to perform in vitro antibacterial assays. In addition, liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry and the molecular networking approach were used for the metabolite annotation process. Overall, 25 compounds were annotated in the ethanolic extract from M. charantia leaves, including flavones, terpenes, organic acids, and inositol pyrophosphate derivatives. The ethanolic extract exhibited low activity against Proteus mirabilis (MIC 312.5 µg·mL-1) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (MIC 625 µg·mL-1). The ethyl acetate phase showed interesting antibacterial activity (MIC 156.2 µg·mL-1) against Klebsiella pneumoniae, and it was well justified by the high content of glycosylated flavones. Therefore, based on the ethyl acetate phase antibacterial result, we suggest that M. charantia leaves could be considered as an alternative antibacterial source against K. pneumoniae and can serve as a pillar for future studies as well as pharmacological application against the bacteria.

Differential Quercus spp. pollen-particulate matter interaction is dependent on geographical areas.

Particulate matter (PM) and pollen interaction, either airborne or at the respiratory mucosa needs further clarification, as allergic reaction intensification can be related to the PM physical characteristics and toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the physical-chemical properties of PM that can adhere to the pollen wall during its transport or inhalation, using Quercus spp. as a model, in three Portuguese cities with different geographical locations, meteorological influence and urbanization levels. Possible sources were evaluated through air masses trajectory analysis using the HYSPLIT model and correlation with meteorological factors. The sampling was performed using a 7-days Hirst-type volumetric sampler, and the pollen grains were observed using a Field Emission Electron Probe Microanalyser for PM analysis. A secondary electron image of each pollen grain was taken, to determine the adhered particles characteristics and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) spectra were obtained for individual particles. A total of 484 pollen grains was observed, with 7683 particles counted and 1914 EDS spectra analyzed. The particle's equivalent diameter ranged from 0.3-16 µm, with most having a diameter < 3 µm. For the three cities, there were significant differences in the number of particles per pollen and the % area occupied by the particles. Particles adhered were mainly Si-rich, but variations in other dominant groups were observed. For Évora and Guarda, Ca-rich, SO-rich were second and third more representative, while Porto were Organic and Cl-rich. Metals&Oxides were found in all cities with the highest number in Porto. P-rich particles were only found in Évora. Sea salt particles were observed in Évora, coincide with air mass trajectories possible carrying them from the Mediterranean Sea. In conclusion, the PM physical characteristics are similar between the studied cities, however, the dominant chemical composition is different, certainly impacting the exposome influence and pollen-allergy intensification towards the same pollen type and concentration.

Parâmetros e protocolos da laserterapia utilizados no tratamento de feridas diabéticas / Parameters and protocols of lasertherapy used in the treatment of diabetic wounds / Parámetros y protocolos de laserterapia utilizados en el tratamiento de las heridas diabéticas

Este estudo tem como objetivo descrever os parâmetros e protocolos utilizados do laser de baixa intensidade em feridas de indivíduos diabéticos.Trata-se de revisão integrativadaliteratura acerca dos parâmetros e protocolos da laserterapia utilizados no tratamento de feridas diabéticas. A busca foi realizada no Google Scholar,Scientific Electronic Library Online(SCIELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/US National Library of Medic (MEDLINE/PUBMED). Foi utilizado como estratégia de busca os seguintes descritores específicos e seus acrônimos, para cada base de dados, de acordo com o Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) e Descritores em Ciência da Saúde (DeCs): Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade (Low-Level Light Therapy); Cicatrização; Wound Healing; Ferimentos e Lesões; Complicações do Diabetes (Diabetes Complications). Foram identificados 80 estudos sobre o assunto e,após aplicação dos critérios e inclusão e exclusão, foram inseridos seisestudos, onde trêsdestessão ensaiosclínicos, umasérie de caso, umestudo experimental e umarevisão da literatura. Os estudos apontaram para efeitos significativosna aceleração da cicatrizaçãodeferidas diabéticasapós o uso do laser de comprimento de onda abaixo de 700nm, de luz visível vermelha, com densidade de potência de 30mW, e uma frequência entre 2 e3 vezes por semana, com no mínimo dez intervenções. A utilização do laser se mostrou benéfica em lesões diabéticas, apresentando resultadossuperiores ao uso doDiodo Emissor de luz (LED) e asterapêuticas convencionais de forma isolada.

This study aims to describe the parameters and protocols used for the low power point in laser instruments. This is an integrative review of the literature on laser therapy of the parameters used and treatment protocols for diabetic wounds. The search was performed on Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/US National Library of Medic (MEDLINE/PUBMED). The following descriptors and their acronyms were used as a search strategy for eachdatabase, according to the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) and Health Science Descriptors (DeCs): Low-Level Light Therapy (Low-Level) Light Therapy); Healing; Wound healing; Wounds and Injuries; Complications of Diabetes. The case 80 on the subject were evaluated and, after applying the three studies and inclusion and exclusion, a series of experimental studies, a study and a literature review were inserted in these clinical trials. The studies pointed to significant effects in accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds after the use of laser with a wavelength below 700nm, of visible red light, with a power density of 30mW, and a frequency between 2 and 3 times a week, with at least ten interventions. The use of laser differs results (LED) in tasks superior to the diabetic ones, presenting Emitting Diode of light use and as transformers in an isolated way.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo describir los parámetros y protocolos utilizados para el punto de baja potencia en instrumentos láser. Esta es una revisión integradora de la literatura sobre la terapia con láser de los parámetros utilizados y los protocolos de tratamiento de las heridas diabéticas. La búsqueda se realizó en Google Scholar, Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO), Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online/US National Library of Medic (MEDLINE/PUBMED). Los siguientes descriptores y sus siglas se utilizaron como estrategia de búsqueda para cada base de datos, de acuerdo con los Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) y Health Science Descriptors (DeCs): Low-Level Light Therapy (Low-Level) Light Therapy); Curación; Cicatrización de la herida; Heridas y lesiones; Complicaciones dela Diabetes. Se evaluó el caso 80 sobre el tema y, luego de aplicar los tres estudios e inclusión y exclusión, se insertó una serie de estudios experimentales, un estudio y una revisión de la literatura en estos ensayos clínicos. The studies pointed to significant effects in accelerating the healing of diabetic wounds after the use of laser with a wavelength below 700nm, of visible red light, with a power density of 30mW, and a frequency between 2 and 3 times a week, with at least ten interventions. El usode láser difiere resultados (LED) en tareas superiores a las diabéticas, presentándose diodos emisores de luz y como transformadores de forma aislada.

Factors associated with infant formula supplementation in Brazilian hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the factors associated with infant formula supplementation in newborns referred to rooming-in in Brazilian hospitals. METHOD: Cross-sectional study with data from 14,531 postpartum women and newborns obtained from the "Birth in Brazil" survey, conducted in 2011-2012. The analysis used a logistic regression model with a hierarchical approach. RESULTS: In total, 21.2% newborns received infant formula during hospital stay. After adjustment, the following factors were associated with the use of infant formula: maternal age ≥ 35 years (OR = 1.51; IC95%:1.30-1.75), prenatal care in a private service (OR = 2,22; IC:1.72-2.85)/public and private service (OR = 1.67; IC:1.24-2.23), cesarean delivery (OR = 1.83; IC:1.41-2.38), multiple pregnancy (OR = 3.786; IC:2.02-7.06), non-breastfeeding in the delivery room (OR = 1.780; IC:1.43-2.21), birth in a private hospital (OR = 1.695; IC:1.02-2.79), prematurity (OR = 1.656; IC:1.32-2.06) and extremes of birth weight (< 2.500 g: OR = 2.084; IC: 1.585-2.741/ ≥4,000g: OR = 1.672; IC:1.31-2.11). Teenage age (OR = 0.651; IC:0.55-0.76), low maternal education (OR = 0.579; IC:0.43-0.77), multiparity (OR = 0.588; IC:0.510-0.678), and lower economic class (OR = 0.565; IC:0.41-0.76) significantly reduced the probability of using infant formula. CONCLUSIONS: Of the associated factors, the authors highlight cesarean delivery and non-breastfeeding in the delivery room, showing that it is necessary to strengthen policies that encourage good practices during childbirth care in order to promote exclusive breastfeeding and protect mothers and newborns from all social classes against the misuse of infant formula.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antiproliferative Properties of Sweet Cherry Phenolic-Rich Extracts.

Cherries have largely been investigated due to their high content in phenolics in order to fully explore their health-promoting properties. Therefore, this work aimed to assess, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory potential of phenolic-targeted fractions of the Saco cherry, using RAW 264.7 macrophages stimulated with lipopolysaccharide. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects on gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS), neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) and normal human dermal fibroblast (NHDF) cells were evaluated, as well as the ability to protect these cellular models against induced oxidative stress. The obtained data revealed that cherry fractions can interfere with cellular nitric oxide (NO) levels by capturing NO radicals and decreasing inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Furthermore, it was observed that all cherry fractions exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity against AGS cells, presenting cytotoxic selectivity for these cancer cells when compared to SH-SY5Y and NHDF cells. Regarding their capacity to protect cancer cells against oxidative injury, in most assays, the total cherry extract was the most effective. Overall, this study reinforces the idea that sweet cherries can be incorporated into new pharmaceutical products, smart foods and nutraceuticals.

Cannabis sativa as a Treatment for Obesity: From Anti-Inflammatory Indirect Support to a Promising Metabolic Re-Establishment Target.

Introduction: Obesity is defined as an excess of accumulation of fat that can be harmful to health. Storage of excess fat in the adipose tissue triggers an inflammatory process, which makes obesity a low-grade chronic inflammatory disease. Obesity is considered a complex and multifactorial disease; hence, no intervention strategy appears to be an ideal treatment for all individuals. Therefore, new therapeutic alternatives are often studied for the treatment of this disease. Currently, herbal medicines are gaining ground in the treatment of obesity and its comorbidities. In this context, much attention is being paid to Cannabis sativa derivatives, and their therapeutic functions are being widely studied, including in treating obesity. Objective: Highlight the pharmacological properties of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV), Δ9-tetrahydrocannabidinol (THC), and cannabidiol (CBD), the predominant isolated components of Cannabis sativa, as well as its therapeutic potential in the treatment of obesity. Methods: This is a narrative review that shows the existing scientific evidence on the clinical application of Cannabis sativa as a possible treatment for obesity. Data collection was performed in the PubMed electronic database. The following word combinations were used: Cannabis and obesity, Cannabis sativa and obesity, THCV and obesity, THC and obesity, CBD and obesity, and Cannabis sativa and inflammation. Results: Evidence shows that Cannabis sativa derivatives have therapeutic potential due to their anti-inflammatory properties. In addition, people who use cannabis have a lower body mass index than those who do not, making the plant an option to reduce and reverse inflammation and comorbidities in obesity. Conclusion: It is concluded that phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabis sativa have therapeutic potential due to its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and neuroprotective properties, making the plant a study option to reduce and reverse inflammation and comorbidities associated with obesity.

Role of heme oxygenase-1 in the antidepressant-like effect of ursolic acid in the tail suspension test.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigated the involvement of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in the antidepressant-like effects of ursolic acid (UA), a plant-derived compound with neuroprotective and antidepressant-like properties. METHODS: Mice received intracerebroventricular injections of zinc protoporphyrin IX (ZnPP) or cobalt protoporphyrin IX (CoPP) to inhibit or induce HO-1, respectively, together with effective (0.1 mg/kg, p.o.) or sub-effective (0.01 mg/kg, p.o.) doses of UA or fluoxetine (10 mg/kg, p.o.). Immobility time was assessed using the tail suspension test (TST) and the ambulatory behaviour with the open field test. HO-1 immunocontent was evaluated in mice hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. KEY FINDINGS: ZnPP prevented the anti-immobility effects of UA and fluoxetine. Combined treatment with a sub-effective dose of CoPP and UA synergistically exerted antidepressant-like effects in the TST. Acute administration of UA or CoPP, but not fluoxetine, increased the HO-1 immunocontent in the hippocampus. None of the treatments altered the HO-1 immunocontent in the prefrontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, this work shows that increased hippocampal HO-1 content and activity mediate the antidepressant-like effect of UA in the TST.

Effect of creatine and EDTA supplemented diets on European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) allergenicity, fish muscle quality and omics fingerprint.

The relatively easy access to fish worldwide, alongside the increase of aquaculture production contributes to increased fish consumption which result in higher prevalence of respective allergies. Allergies to fish constitute a significant concern worldwide. ß-parvalbumin is the main elicitor for IgE-mediated reactions. Creatine, involved in the muscle energy metabolism, and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA), a calcium chelator, are potential molecules to modulate parvalbumin. The purpose of this study was to test creatine (2, 5 and 8%) and EDTA (1.5, 3 and 4.5%) supplementation in fish diets to modulate ß-parvalbumin expression and structure and its allergenicity in farmed European seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) while assessing its effects on the end-product quality. Fish welfare and muscle quality parameters were evaluated by plasma metabolites, rigor mortis, muscle pH and sensory and texture analysis. Proteomics was used to assess alterations in muscle proteome profile and metabolic fingerprinting by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was used to assess the liver metabolic profile. In addition, IgE-reactivity to parvalbumin was analysed using fish allergic patient sera. Metabolic fingerprinting of liver tissue revealed no major alterations in infrared spectra with creatine supplementation, while with EDTA, only absorption bands characteristic of lipids were altered. Comparative proteomics showed up regulation of (tropo) myosin and phosphoglycerate mutase 2 with Creatine supplementation. In the case of EDTA proteomics showed up regulation of proteins involved in cellular and ion homeostasis. Allergenicity seems not to be modulated with creatine or EDTA supplementation as no decreased expression levels were found and IgE-binding reactivity showed no quantitative differences.