RESUMEN
In patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a rare genetic neuromuscular disease, reduced physical performance is associated with lower blood levels of vitamin C, zinc, selenium, and increased oxidative stress markers. Supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and selenium improves the quadriceps' physical performance. Here, we compared the nutritional status of 74 women and 85 men with FSHD. Calorie intake was lower in women with FSHD than in men. Moreover, we assessed vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium intakes in diet and their concentrations in the plasma. Vitamin E, copper, and zinc intake were lower in women with FSHD than in men, whereas plasma vitamin C, copper levels, and copper/zinc ratio were higher in women with FSHD than in men. The dietary intake and plasma concentrations of the studied vitamins and minerals were not correlated in both sexes. A well-balanced and varied diet might not be enough in patients with FSHD to correct the observed vitamin/mineral deficiencies. A low energy intake is a risk factor for suboptimal intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals that are important for protein synthesis and other metabolic pathways and that might contribute to progressive muscle mass loss. Antioxidant supplementation and higher protein intake seem necessary to confer protection against oxidative stress and skeletal muscle mass loss.
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Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral , Selenio , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Distrofia Muscular Facioescapulohumeral/metabolismo , Estado Nutricional , Cobre , Vitaminas , Vitamina E , Ácido Ascórbico , Vitamina A , ZincRESUMEN
Palm olein (PO) and olive oil (OO) are widely consumed in the world. PO is considered harmful to health, whereas OO is considered healthy. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of consumption of these oils on antioxidant status and inflammation in rats. This was an experimental study in male wistar rats fed a diet containing 30% of each oil. Rats had free access to food and water. After being fed for 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and liver and aortic blood were collected. Plasma was used for the determination of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and oxidative stress parameters (Superoxide dismutase -SOD; Gluthation peroxidase - GPx; Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances - TBARS; Thiol groups and isoprostane). The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed in liver homogenate. No significant differences were observed between PO and OO in plasma and liver levels of the studied inflammation and oxidative stress parameters. This study showed that the consumption of PO induces an antioxidant status superimposable to that of OO. Key words : Palm olein - Olive oil - Oxidative stress - Inflammation - High fat diet.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Dieta Alta en Grasa , Inflamación , Aceite de Oliva/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Palma/administración & dosificación , Animales , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Estrés Oxidativo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
Excessive fat consumption leads to the development of ectopic adipose tissues, affecting the organs they surround. Peripancreatic adipose tissue is implicated in glucose homeostasis regulation and can be impaired in obesity. High palm oil consumption's effects on health are still debated. We hypothesised that crude and refined palm oil high-fat feeding may have contrasting effects on peripancreatic adipocyte hypertrophy, inflammation and lipid oxidation compound production in obese rats. In Wistar rats, morphological changes, inflammation and isoprostanoid production following oxidative stress were assessed in peripancreatic adipose tissue after 12 weeks of diets enriched in crude or refined palm oil or lard (56% energy from fat in each case) versus a standard chow diet (11% energy from fat). Epididymal white and periaortic brown adipose tissues were also included in the study. A refined palm oil diet disturbed glucose homeostasis and promoted lipid deposition in periaortic locations, as well as adipocyte hypertrophy, macrophage infiltration and isoprostanoid (5-F2c-isoprostane and 7(RS)-ST-Δ8-11-dihomo-isofuran) production in peripancreatic adipose tissue. Crude palm oil induced a lower impact on adipose deposits than its refined form and lard. Our results show that the antioxidant composition of crude palm oil may have a protective effect on ectopic adipose tissues under the condition of excessive fat intake.
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Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Grasas de la Dieta/administración & dosificación , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , Aceite de Palma/administración & dosificación , Tejido Adiposo/patología , Animales , Glucemia , Peso Corporal , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Lípidos/sangre , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Macrófagos/fisiología , Masculino , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
It has recently emerged that myokines may be an important skeletal muscle adaptive response to obesogenic diets in sedentary subjects (who do not exercise). This study aimed to assess the influence of various high fat (HF) diets rich in either crude palm oil (cPO), refined palm oil (rPO), olive oil (OO) or lard on the modulation of myokine gene expression in the gastrocnemius. Five groups of 8 rats were each fed HF or control diet for 12 weeks. Systemic parameters concerning glucose, insulin, inflammation, cholesterol, triglycerides (TG) and transaminases were assessed by routine methods or ELISA. Akt and ACC phosphorylation were analyzed by WB in the soleus. Mitochondrial density, inflammation, and the gene expression of 17 myokines and the apelin receptor (Apj) were assessed by qPCR in the gastrocnemius. We found that HF diet-fed rats were insulin resistant and Akt phosphorylation decreased in the soleus muscle, but without any change in Glut4 gene expression. Systemic (IL-6) and muscle inflammation (NFκB and IκB) were not affected by the HF diets as well as TBARS, and ASAT level was enhanced with OO diet. Soleus pACC phosphorylation and gastrocnemius mitochondrial density were not significantly altered. The gene expression of some myokines was respectively increased (myostatin and Il-15) and decreased (Fndc5 and apelin) with the HF diets, whatever the type of fat used. The gene expression of two myokines with anti-inflammatory properties, Il-10 and myonectin, was dependent on the type of fat used and was most increased respectively with cPO or both rPO and OO diets. In conclusion, high-fat diets can differentially modulate the expression of some myokines, either in a dependent manner or independently of their composition.
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Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Aceite de Oliva/metabolismo , Aceite de Palma/metabolismo , Animales , Glucosa/metabolismo , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/genética , Transportador de Glucosa de Tipo 4/metabolismo , Insulina/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Masculino , Mitocondrias/genética , Mitocondrias/metabolismo , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Skeletal muscle dysfunction in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully reversed by exercise training. Antioxidants are critical for muscle homeostasis and adaptation to training. However, COPD patients experience antioxidant deficits that worsen after training and might impact their muscle response to training. Nutritional antioxidant supplementation in combination with pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) would further improve muscle function, oxidative stress, and PR outcomes in COPD patients. METHODS: Sixty-four COPD patients admitted to inpatient PR were randomized to receive 28 days of oral antioxidant supplementation targeting the previously observed deficits (PR antioxidant group; α-tocopherol: 30 mg/day, ascorbate: 180 mg/day, zinc gluconate: 15 mg/day, selenomethionine: 50 µg/day) or placebo (PR placebo group). PR consisted of 24 sessions of moderate-intensity exercise training. Changes in muscle endurance (primary outcome), oxidative stress, and PR outcomes were assessed. RESULTS: Eighty-one percent of the patients (FEV1 = 58.9 ± 20.0%pred) showed at least one nutritional antioxidant deficit. Training improved muscle endurance in the PR placebo group (+37.4 ± 45.1%, p < 0.001), without additional increase in the PR antioxidant group (-6.6 ± 11.3%; p = 0.56). Nevertheless, supplementation increased the α-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol ratio and selenium (+58 ± 20%, p < 0.001, and +16 ± 5%, p < 0.01, respectively), muscle strength (+11 ± 3%, p < 0.001), and serum total proteins (+7 ± 2%, p < 0.001), and it tended to increase the type I fiber proportion (+32 ± 17%, p = 0.07). The prevalence of muscle weakness decreased in the PR antioxidant group only, from 30.0 to 10.7% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: While the primary outcome was not significantly improved, COPD patients demonstrate significant improvements of secondary outcomes (muscle strength and other training-refractory outcomes), suggesting a potential "add-on" effect of the nutritional antioxidant supplementation (vitamins C and E, zinc, and selenium) during PR. This trial is registered with NCT01942889.
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Suplementos Dietéticos/análisis , Pulmón/fisiopatología , Músculo Esquelético/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedad Pulmonar Obstructiva Crónica/tratamiento farmacológico , Adulto , Anciano , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana EdadRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Palm (PO) and olive oils (OO) are the two most consumed and/or used oils in the world for food elaboration. These oils should not be confused with the solid palm stearin which is widely used in pastry making. Large number of studies was reported dealing with adverse/beneficial cardiovascular effects of PO and OO, whereas few studies were conducted to compare their potential effects on hepatic steatosis and liver lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to compare the metabolic effects of high intake of POs (both crude and refined) and virgin OO on surrogate parameters of glucose tolerance, hepatic lipid metabolism and liver integrity. METHODS: Thirty-two young male Wistar rats were divided into four equal groups and fed either control diet (11% energy from fat) or three high-fat diets rich in crude or refined POs or in OO (56% energy from fat), during 12 weeks. Systemic blood and liver biochemical parameters linked to glucose and lipid metabolism as well as hepatic steatosis and liver fatty acid composition were explored. The inflammation and oxidative stress status as well as the expression of several genes/proteins were also analyzed. RESULTS: The major effects of POs intake concerned glucose metabolism and liver fatty acid composition, whereas the major effects of OO intake concerned hepatic TG accumulation, inflammation, and cytolysis. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, high dietary intake of PO compromises glucose tolerance whereas high dietary intake of OO compromises hepatic lipid composition and liver integrity. However, adverse hepatic effects of OO observed in this study may not be transposed to human since, (a) the rodent model could lead to different effects than those observed in humans and (b) the average normal OO amounts ingested in the population are lower than those corresponding to a high-fat diet. So, further studies are needed to determine a maximum non-invasive dietary intake of OO.
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Dieta/métodos , Glucosa/metabolismo , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/fisiología , Hígado/metabolismo , Aceite de Oliva/farmacología , Aceite de Palma/farmacología , Animales , Masculino , Modelos Animales , Aceite de Oliva/administración & dosificación , Aceite de Palma/administración & dosificación , Ratas , Ratas WistarRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Obtaining suitable results unaffected by pre- or postanalytical phases is pivotal for clinical chemistry service. We aimed comparison and stability of nine biochemical analytes after centrifugation using Barricor™ plasma tubes with mechanical separator vs standard Vacutainer® lithium heparin tubes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected samples on six healthy volunteers and nine patients from intensive care units into 6 mL plastic Vacutainer® lithium heparin tubes and 5.5 mL plastic Barricor™ plasma tubes. All tubes were centrifuged within 30 minutes after venipuncture. First, we compared results of nine biochemical analytes from lithium heparin tubes with Barricor™ tubes for each analyte using Passing-Bablok and Bland-Altman analyses. Second, we calculated the difference of analyte concentrations between baseline and time intervals in tubes stored at + 4 °C. Based on the total change limit we calculated the maximum allowable concentrations percentage change from baseline. RESULTS: The majority of correlation coefficients were close to 0.99 indicating good correlation in the working range. Bland-Altman analyses showed an acceptable concordance for all analytes. In consequence, the Barricor™ tube might be an alternative to regular lithium heparin tube. Stability with this new generation tube is improved for eight analytes (except for aspartate aminotransferase) in comparison with regular lithium heparin tubes. CONCLUSIONS: By using Barricor™ tubes and prompt centrifugation, supplemental analysis or re-analysis for eight analytes including alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, high sensitivity troponin T, lactate dehydrogenase, NT-pro BNP, potassium and sodium could be performed within 72 h of specimen collection.
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Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/instrumentación , Centrifugación/instrumentación , Alanina Transaminasa/sangre , Fosfatasa Alcalina/sangre , Anticoagulantes/química , Biomarcadores/sangre , Recolección de Muestras de Sangre/normas , Proteína C-Reactiva/metabolismo , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Cationes Monovalentes , Enfermedad Crítica , Heparina/química , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos , L-Lactato Deshidrogenasa/sangre , Litio/química , Péptido Natriurético Encefálico/sangre , Fragmentos de Péptidos/sangre , Potasio/sangre , Sodio/sangre , Troponina T/sangreRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary silicon-enriched spirulina (SES) on atherosclerosis. METHODS: Hamsters (six per group) on a high-fat (HF) diet received SES or non-enriched spirulina (both at 57 mg/kg body weight) daily. This corresponded to 0.57 mg silicon/kg body weight daily. RESULTS: The HF diet induced dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction. Compared with the HF group, SES attenuated increases of lipemia and prevented insulin resistance (IR) (P = 0.001). SES protected against oxidative stress through a reduction of heart (P = 0.006) and liver (P < 0.0001) nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate-oxidase activity and by sparing the activity of superoxide dismutase (P = 0.0017) and glutathione peroxidase (P = 0.01861). SES decreased inflammation, lowering tumor necrosis factor-α (P = 0.0006) and interleukin-6 levels (P = 0.0112), decreasing polymorphonuclear cells and preventing nuclear factor-κB activity (P = 0.0259). SES corrected plasma level of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.0380), which was increased by the HF diet. Finally, SES supplementation prevented vascular and endothelial functions assessed respectively by the contractile response to the agonist phenylephrine and the relaxation induced by acetylcholine. CONCLUSION: SES protects against metabolic imbalance, inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular dysfunction induced by an HF diet, and could prevent the atherogenic processes. Synergistic effects between spirulina and silicon were observed.
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Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Dislipidemias/prevención & control , Inflamación/prevención & control , Resistencia a la Insulina , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Silicio/uso terapéutico , Spirulina , Animales , Aterosclerosis/sangre , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Aterosclerosis/fisiopatología , Biomarcadores , Cricetinae , Citocinas/sangre , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Dislipidemias/sangre , Dislipidemias/etiología , Endotelio Vascular/efectos de los fármacos , Endotelio Vascular/fisiología , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Corazón/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/etiología , Mediadores de Inflamación/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Silicio/farmacología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Oligoelementos/farmacología , Oligoelementos/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
Silicon has beneficial effects especially on bones and skin and is important in cardiovascular pathophysiology. Furthermore, in spontaneously hypertensive rats, it reduces hypertension and increases antihypertensive and antiatherogenic gene expressions in the aorta. Thus, incorporating silicon into spirulina could be a way to produce a bioavailable food supplement. The potential toxic effects of silicon-rich spirulina (SES) through haematological and biochemical parameters and inflammatory and oxidative status were evaluated in rats' blood and liver tissue. The study consisted in a 90-day experiment on female and male rats supplemented with three doses (28.5, 57 and 285 mg/kg BW/day) of SES. No mortality, abnormal clinical signs, behavioural changes or macroscopic findings were observed whatever the groups. Haematological parameters were not modified in SES treated-groups. No marked change was recorded in biochemical parameters The liver endogenous antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, catalase) activities were not modified whatever the gender and the dose, just as markers of oxidative stress (O2°(-), TBARS, thiols) and inflammation such as IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Our findings indicate that dietary supplementation of silicon-rich spirulina on rats has no harmful side nor toxic effects and could be beneficial especially in the case of suspicion or installation of pathologies due to oxidative stress.
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Silicio/efectos adversos , Silicio/química , Spirulina/química , Alimentación Animal/análisis , Animales , Femenino , Contaminación de Alimentos , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Oxidación-Reducción , Estrés Oxidativo , RatasRESUMEN
UNLABELLED: Antioxidant activities of Myrtus communis leaf phenolic compounds (McPCs) were investigated on 2,2'-9-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS(+) â¢) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) tests or on oxidation of biological models, human low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and phospholipid aqueous dispersion (L-α-phosphatidylcholine stabilized by bile salts). Two extraction techniques, microwave-assisted (MAE) and conventional (CE), were used to isolate McPCs, producing similar results of phenolic compound content. ABTS(+) ⢠assay showed clearly that myrtle extracts exhibited a stronger scavenging effect than butylated hydroxyanisole and α-tocopherol, with a slight advantage for myrtle CE extract. In ORAC assay, the both McPC extracts were similarly less effective than the pure compounds as caffeic acid and myricitrin (myricetin 3-O-rhamnoside) but stronger than butylated hydroxytoluene. Moreover, myrtle CE and MAE extracts, and myricitrin were able to inhibit similarly the production of conjugated dienes and to prolong the lag phase (Tlag) during Cu(2+)-induced LDL oxidation with a dose-response effect. The cryo-electron microscopy observations on studied phospholipid dispersion stabilized by bile salts (BS) revealed the presence of bilayer vesicles and micelles. In 2,2'-azobis (2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride-induced phospholipid/BS oxidation, myrtle CE and MAE extracts gave similar effects to α-tocopherol and caffeic acid but myricitrin showed a higher protective effect than myrtle extracts. We showed also that no synergic or additive effect between α-tocopherol and myrtle extracts or caffeic acid in α-tocopherol-enriched phospholipid/BS dispersion, but myricitrin showed an additive effect and thus promoted the total antioxidant activity. These data showed that myrtle extract could be used as potential natural antioxidants, food stabilizers, or natural health products. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: We show that microwave-assisted extraction could be an alternative method for plant phenolic compound recovery allowing important gain in time extraction.We report inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro initiated by Cu(2+) ions. We report that myrtle extract may be a source of natural antioxidants to counteract phospholipid peroxidation as well as α-tocopherol.
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Antioxidantes/química , Lipoproteínas LDL/química , Myrtus/química , Fenoles/química , Fosfolípidos/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Humanos , Oxidación-Reducción , Extractos Vegetales/farmacologíaRESUMEN
SCOPE: High-fat (HF) diets contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases and the metabolic syndrome. This study was undertaken to investigate the beneficial effects of Vineatrol®-enriched red wines on blood lipids, oxidative stress and inflammation, and the role of some metabolic pathway regulatory proteins. METHODS AND RESULTS: Golden Syrian hamsters received an HF diet for 13 wk, in the presence or absence of red wines supplemented with Vineatrol® (RWV) or not. The HF diet increased plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and insulin, which were attenuated by RWV treatment. RWV protected against the HF-induced increase in liver nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity and spared antioxidant enzyme activities. RWV did not reduce either liver steatosis or increased plasma leptin due to the HF diet, but greatly improved adiponectinemia. In the liver, RWV affected the inflammatory response by decreasing polymorphonuclear cell number and lowering TNF-α and IL-6 levels. Moreover, the increase in NF-κB activity in the HF group liver was prevented by RWV. Finally, RWV partially corrected low SIRT1 levels due to the HF diet but had no influence on SIRT3 or p-AMPK protein levels. CONCLUSION: Our studies suggest that RWV is capable of reversing the atherogenic process induced by an HF diet in hamster tissues.
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Biomarcadores/sangre , Dieta Alta en Grasa/efectos adversos , Síndrome Metabólico/tratamiento farmacológico , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Fenoles/farmacología , Vino/análisis , Adiponectina/sangre , Animales , Aterosclerosis/tratamiento farmacológico , Aterosclerosis/etiología , Glucemia/metabolismo , Colesterol/sangre , Cricetinae , Suplementos Dietéticos , Hígado Graso/tratamiento farmacológico , Insulina/sangre , Interleucina-6/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/enzimología , Masculino , Mesocricetus , NADPH Oxidasas/metabolismo , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Sirtuina 1/sangre , Sirtuina 3/metabolismo , Triglicéridos/sangre , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/sangreRESUMEN
Chronic diseases are diseases of long duration and slow progression. Major NCDs (cardiovascular diseases, cancer, chronic respiratory diseases, diabetes, rheumatologic diseases and mental health) represent the predominant health problem of the Century. The prevention and control of NCDs are the priority of the World Health Organization 2008 Action Plan, the United Nations 2010 Resolution and the European Union 2010 Council. The novel trend for the management of NCDs is evolving towards integrative, holistic approaches. NCDs are intertwined with ageing. The European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (EIP on AHA) has prioritised NCDs. To tackle them in their totality in order to reduce their burden and societal impact, it is proposed that NCDs should be considered as a single expression of disease with different risk factors and entities. An innovative integrated health system built around systems medicine and strategic partnerships is proposed to combat NCDs. It includes (i) understanding the social, economic, environmental, genetic determinants, as well as the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying NCDs; (ii) primary care and practice-based interprofessional collaboration; (iii) carefully phenotyped patients; (iv) development of unbiased and accurate biomarkers for comorbidities, severity and follow up of patients; (v) socio-economic science; (vi) development of guidelines; (vii) training; and (viii) policy decisions. The results could be applicable to all countries and adapted to local needs, economy and health systems. This paper reviews the complexity of NCDs intertwined with ageing. It gives an overview of the problem and proposes two practical examples of systems medicine (MeDALL) applied to allergy and to NCD co-morbidities (MACVIA-LR, Reference Site of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing).
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Envejecimiento/patología , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/métodos , Fenotipo , Envejecimiento/fisiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/terapia , Enfermedad Crónica , Comorbilidad , Prestación Integrada de Atención de Salud/tendencias , Política de Salud/tendencias , Humanos , Neoplasias/epidemiología , Neoplasias/terapiaRESUMEN
We assessed the influence of SODB, a melon superoxide dismutase (SOD), on left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy in SHR. SODB (4 or 40U SOD) was given orally for 4 or 28 days to SHR. For each treatment period, LV weight index (LVWI) and cardiomyocytes size were measured. SOD, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase expressions, and LV production and presence of superoxide anion were determined. Pro-inflammatory markers were also measured. SODB reduced LVWI and cardiomyocytes size after 4 or 28 days. Cardiac SOD and GPx increased by 30-40% with SODB. The presence but not production of superoxide anion was significantly reduced by SODB. No effect of SODB was detected on inflammatory status in any group. The beneficial effect of SODB on cardiac hypertrophy seems to be related to the stimulation of endogenous antioxidant defense, suggesting that SODB may be of interest as a dietary supplementation during conventional antihypertensive therapy.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Cardiomegalia/tratamiento farmacológico , Cucurbitaceae/enzimología , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Animales , Antihipertensivos/farmacología , Presión Sanguínea/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas SHR , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacología , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Red sorghum is a source of phenolic compounds (PCs), including 3-deoxyanthocyanidins that may protect against oxidative stress related disease such as atherosclerosis. HPLC was used to characterise and quantify PCs extracted from red or white sorghum whole grain flour. Antioxidant activity was measured by an oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and against LDL-oxidisability, and further compared to that of synthesised 3-deoxyanthocyanidins (i.e., luteolinidin and apigeninidin). Phenolic content of red and white sorghums was evaluated as 3.90 ± 0.01 and 0.07 ± 0.01 mmol gallic acid equivalents L(-1), respectively. Luteolinidin and apigeninidin were mainly found in red sorghum. Red sorghum had almost 3 and 10 times greater specific antioxidant activity compared to luteolinidin and apigeninidin, respectively. Red sorghum PCs and the two 3-deoxyanthocyanidins were also effective at preventing LDL vitamin E depletion and conjugated diene production. Red sorghum flour exhibits antioxidant capacity suggesting that it may be a valuable health-promoting food.
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Antocianinas/química , Antioxidantes/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Polifenoles/química , Sorghum/química , Antocianinas/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Apigenina/química , Apigenina/aislamiento & purificación , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Côte d'Ivoire , Humanos , Lipoproteínas LDL/química , Oxidación-Reducción , Polifenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/química , Sorghum/metabolismoRESUMEN
SCOPE: Obesity-related metabolic syndrome is often associated with a decrease of insulin sensitivity, inducing several modifications. However, dietary antioxidants could prevent insulin resistance. We have previously shown the preventive effects of a melon superoxide dismutase (SOD) in obese hamsters. However, its antioxidant effects have never been studied on adipose tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS: We evaluated the effects of a 1-month curative supplementation with SODB on the adipose tissue of obese hamsters. Animals received either a standard diet or a cafeteria diet for 15 wk. Cafeteria diet induced obesity and related disorders, including insulin resistance and oxidative stress, in the abdominal adipose tissue. After SODB supplementation, the adipose tissue weight was decreased, probably by activating adipocytes lipolysis and thus reducing their size. SODB treatment also resulted in abdominal adipose tissue fibrosis reduction. Finally, SODB administration increased the expression of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and thus reduced oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The improvement of insulin sensitivity observed after SODB treatment could explain adipocyte lipolysis activation and fibrosis reduction. CONCLUSION: These findings demonstrate that a dietary SOD supplementation could be a useful strategy against obesity-related modifications in adipose tissue.
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Tejido Adiposo/efectos de los fármacos , Cucurbitaceae/enzimología , Obesidad/dietoterapia , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacología , Adipocitos/efectos de los fármacos , Tejido Adiposo/metabolismo , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Peso Corporal/efectos de los fármacos , Catalasa/metabolismo , Suplementos Dietéticos , Glutatión Peroxidasa/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Lipólisis/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Obesidad/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/metabolismo , Superóxidos/metabolismoRESUMEN
Oxidative stress is involved in obesity. However, dietary antioxidants could prevent oxidative stress-induced damage. We have previously shown the preventive effects of a melon superoxide dismutase (SODB) on oxidative stress. However, the mechanism of action of SODB is still unknown. Here, we evaluated the effects of a 1-month curative supplementation with SODB on the liver of obese hamsters. Golden Syrian hamsters received either a standard diet or a cafeteria diet composed of high-fat, high-sugar, and high-salt supermarket products, for 15 weeks. This diet resulted in insulin resistance and in increased oxidative stress in the liver. However, inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-α, and NF-κB) were not enhanced and no liver steatosis was detected, although these are usually described in obesity-induced insulin resistance models. After the 1-month supplementation with SODB, body weight and insulin resistance induced by the cafeteria diet were reduced and hepatic oxidative stress was corrected. This could be due to the increased expression of the liver antioxidant defense proteins (manganese and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase). Even though no inflammation was detected in the obese hamsters, inflammatory markers were decreased after SODB supplementation, probably through the reduction of oxidative stress. These findings suggest for the first time that SODB could exert its antioxidant properties by inducing the endogenous antioxidant defense. The mechanisms underlying this induction need to be further investigated.
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Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cucurbitaceae/química , Resistencia a la Insulina/fisiología , Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacología , Animales , Western Blotting , Cricetinae , Cucurbitaceae/metabolismo , Dieta/efectos adversos , Suplementos Dietéticos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Inflamación/metabolismo , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Hígado/metabolismo , Masculino , Mesocricetus , Obesidad/etiología , Obesidad/metabolismoRESUMEN
Oxidative stress, involved in many diseases, is defined as an impaired balance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and antioxidant defences. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) play a key role in diminishing oxidative stress. Thus, the removal of ROS by exogenous SODs could be an effective preventive strategy against various diseases. The poor bioavailability of exogenous SODs has been criticized. However, improvements in SOD formulation may overcome this limitation and boost interest in its therapeutic properties. Here, we provide a review of animal and human studies about SODs supplementation in order to evaluate their therapeutic value. Protective effects have been observed against irradiation, carcinogenesis, apoptosis and neurodegeneration. SODs administration has also been reported to alleviate inflammatory, infectious, respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and genitourinary and fertility disorders, raising the question of its mechanism of action in these diverse situations. Some authors have shown an increase in endogenous antioxidant enzymes after exogenous SODs administration. The induction of endogenous antioxidant defence and, consequently, a decrease in oxidative stress, could explain all the effects observed. Further investigations need to be carried out to test the hypothesis that SODs supplementation acts by inducing an endogenous antioxidant defence.
Asunto(s)
Estrés Oxidativo/efectos de los fármacos , Superóxido Dismutasa/administración & dosificación , Animales , Vías de Administración de Medicamentos , Humanos , Especies Reactivas de Oxígeno/metabolismo , Superóxido Dismutasa/farmacocinética , Superóxido Dismutasa/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
This study evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities in a polyphenol extract from blackberries. The antioxidant activity measured via oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) was higher for the blackberry extract (4339 ± 144 µM TE/g) than for quercetin and ellagic acid. The blackberry phenolic compounds protected liposomes and liver homogenates against lipid peroxidation; in both models, the antioxidant activity (IC50 = 7.0 ± 0.5 and 20.3 ± 4.2 µg/mL, respectively) was greater than that found with Trolox. The extract inhibited superoxide production by NADPH oxidase in THP-1 cells and nitrite production in J774A.1 cells stimulated with LPS+IFNγ, with nitrite production decreasing after 4 h of incubation with the extract, mainly through a strong scavenging activity. However, 24 h of treatment reduced the amount of nitrites (IC50 = 45.6 ± 1.2 µg/mL) because of a down-regulation of iNOS protein expression, as demonstrated by Western blotting. The inhibitory activities found in blackberry phenols suggest a potential beneficial effect against oxidative stress and inflammatory processes.
Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/química , Antioxidantes/química , Suplementos Dietéticos , Frutas/química , Fenoles/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Rosaceae/química , Animales , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/análisis , Antiinflamatorios no Esteroideos/aislamiento & purificación , Antioxidantes/análisis , Antioxidantes/aislamiento & purificación , Línea Celular , Costa Rica , Frutas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Humanos , Peroxidación de Lípido , Hígado/metabolismo , Ratones , Monocitos/metabolismo , Fenoles/análisis , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Extractos Vegetales/aislamiento & purificación , Ratas , Ratas Sprague-Dawley , Rosaceae/crecimiento & desarrollo , Clima TropicalRESUMEN
The incidence of metabolic syndrome components including obesity, lipid deregulation, insulin resistance (IR) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is increasing rapidly in wealthy societies. The present study was designed to determine the effect of different nutritional lipid patterns (quantity and quality) on lipid utilisation and oxidative stress in the liver and muscle of rats in an integrated fashion. A total of forty-eight Wistar male rats were fed for 12 weeks with a mixed, lard or fish-oil diet, containing either 50 or 300 g lipid/kg. Rats developed liver steatosis associated with moderate liver injury when fed the 30% lipid diets, in spite of the absence of overt obesity or IR, except when fed the lard 30% lipid diet. The intake of the 30% lipid diets decreased hepatic lipogenesis and mitochondriogenesis and increased lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation. Surprisingly, muscle lipid content was not modified whatever the administered diet. The intake of the 30% lipid diets increased the muscle protein expression of fatty acid (FA) translocase/cluster of differentiation 36 (FAT/CD36), PPARg co-activator 1a (PGC-1a) and muscle carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (m-CPT1), reflecting increased FA transport in the muscle associated with increased oxidative metabolism. The lard 30% lipid diet led to IR without modifying the muscle lipid content. The fish-oil 30% lipid diet failed to prevent the development of hepatic steatosis and made the tissues more prone to oxidation. Overall, the present study suggests that the FA composition of muscle is more important than lipid accumulation itself in the modulation of insulin sensitivity, and indicates that precaution should be taken when advising an unphysiologically high (pharmacological) supplementation with long-chain n-3 PUFA.
Asunto(s)
Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/farmacología , Ácidos Grasos/farmacología , Hígado Graso/metabolismo , Resistencia a la Insulina , Hígado/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Estrés Oxidativo , Animales , Transporte Biológico/efectos de los fármacos , Antígenos CD36/metabolismo , Carnitina O-Palmitoiltransferasa/metabolismo , Dieta , Grasas de la Dieta/metabolismo , Grasas de la Dieta/farmacología , Suplementos Dietéticos , Ácidos Grasos/metabolismo , Ácidos Grasos Omega-3/metabolismo , Hígado Graso/inducido químicamente , Aceites de Pescado/metabolismo , Aceites de Pescado/farmacología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Peroxidación de Lípido/efectos de los fármacos , Masculino , Mitocondrias , Proteínas Musculares/metabolismo , Coactivador 1-alfa del Receptor Activado por Proliferadores de Peroxisomas gamma , Carbonilación Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Ratas , Ratas Wistar , Factores de Transcripción/metabolismoRESUMEN
The French Society of Clinical Biochemistry conducted this study to compare the accuracy and performances of the best creatinine enzymatic assays and the compensated Jaffe methods from the same manufacturers. Creatinine was measured in 3 serum pools with creatinine levels of 35.9±0.9 µmol/L, 74.4±1.4 µmol/L, and 97.9±1.7 µmol/L (IDMS determination). The performances of the assays (total error that includes the contribution of bias and imprecision) were evaluated using Monte-Carlo simulations and compared against desirable NKDEP criteria. The enzymatic assays always fell within the desirable total Error of 7.6%. By contrast, this requirement was never obtained for the compensated Jaffe methods at the critical level of 74.4±1.4 µmol/L. Only the compensated Jaffe creatinine on Olympus analyzer reached this specification at 35.9±0.9 and 97.9±1.7 µmol/L levels. This study demonstrates that, despite substantial improvement regarding traceability to the IDMS reference method and precision, compensated Jaffe creatinine methods, by contrast to enzymatic ones, do not reach the desirable specifications of NKDEP at normal levels of creatinine.