Fresh from the Ornamental Garden: Hips of Selected Rose Cultivars Rich in Phytonutrients.

Morphological parameters (size, weight, color), the content of sugars, organic acids, lycopene, ß-carotene, and phenolics were determined in hips of Rosa canina (RCA), Rosa sweginzowii (RSW), Rosa rugosa (RUG), and selected ornamental Rosa cultivars Fru Dagmar Hastrup (FDH), Repandia (REP), Veilchenblau (RVB), Aloha (RAL), Bonica (BON), and Golden Gate (RGG). Although traditionally used RCA hips contained the highest amount of cyanidin-3-glucoside (83 µg/g DW) and were the reddest (h° = 17.5), they did not stand out in other analyzed parameters. RGG climber had the biggest hips (8.86 g), which also contained highest sugar levels (50.9 g/100 g DW). RAL stood out as the cultivar rich in organic acids (33.9 g/100 g DW), mainly because of high quinic acid content (17.6 g/100g DW). FDH and RSW hips were characterized by particularly high ascorbic acid levels (4325 mg/100 g DW and 4711 mg/100 g DW). Other ornamental cultivars contained low amounts of ascorbic acid compared to the analyzed species. The phenolic profile was species/cultivars-specific. The greatest diversity of phenolic compounds was detected in RUG and FDH hips (55 and 54 different tentatively identified compounds with HPLC/MS). Flavanols represented the main phenolic class in most of the investigated species/cultivars and RGG hips contained the highest amount of catechin and proanthocyandin derivatives (15855 µg/g DW). Altogether RAL hips contained the highest quantity of phenolics (44746 µg/g DW) mainly due to high levels of hydrolysable tannins compared to other species/cultivars. Although small, hips of BON and REP were most abundant regarding ß-carotene and lycopene content, respectively.

Comparison of phenolic composition of healthy apple tissues and tissues affected by bitter pit.

Bitter pit is an important Ca(2+) deficiency disorder of apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh.), with symptoms, necrotic spots, developing during storage. The objective of this study was to determine phenolic compounds and their contents in bitter pit in comparison to healthy skin and pulp using HPLC-MS(2). The experiment was carried out on three cultivars 'Jonagored', 'Golden Delicious' and 'Pinova'. All 15 determined phenolic compounds in pulp tissues specifically affected by bitter pit were higher than those in healthy pulp. Chlorogenic acid and catechin were to 5 times higher in those affected pulp tissues. Higher content was also determined for hydroxycinnamic acids and flavanols in the peel above the bitter pit; in contrast, flavonols and anthocyanins were higher in healthy peel. Anthocyanins in healthy peel of cultivar 'Jonagored' were 10 times higher from the content in peel above the bitter pit.