RESUMEN
Ellagic acid (EA) is a bioactive polyphenolic compound naturally occurring as secondary metabolite in many plant taxa. EA content is considerable in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) and in wood and bark of some tree species. Structurally, EA is a dilactone of hexahydroxydiphenic acid (HHDP), a dimeric gallic acid derivative, produced mainly by hydrolysis of ellagitannins, a widely distributed group of secondary metabolites. EA is attracting attention due to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimutagenic, and antiproliferative properties. EA displayed pharmacological effects in various in vitro and in vivo model systems. Furthermore, EA has also been well documented for its antiallergic, antiatherosclerotic, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective properties. This review reports on the health-promoting effects of EA, along with possible mechanisms of its action in maintaining the health status, by summarizing the literature related to the therapeutic potential of this polyphenolic in the treatment of several human diseases.
Asunto(s)
Antialérgicos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Ácido Elágico/farmacología , Taninos Hidrolizables/farmacología , Hipoglucemiantes/farmacología , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Polifenoles/farmacología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Animales , Antialérgicos/metabolismo , Antiinflamatorios/metabolismo , Antineoplásicos/metabolismo , Ácido Elágico/metabolismo , Frutas/química , Frutas/metabolismo , Tracto Gastrointestinal/metabolismo , Humanos , Taninos Hidrolizables/química , Taninos Hidrolizables/metabolismo , Hipoglucemiantes/metabolismo , Fitoterapia/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/metabolismo , Plantas/química , Plantas/metabolismo , Polifenoles/metabolismo , Sustancias Protectoras/metabolismoRESUMEN
Over the centuries, humans have traditionally used garlic (Allium sativum L.) as a food ingredient (spice) and remedy for many diseases. To confirm this, many extensive studies recognized the therapeutic effects of garlic bulbs. More recently, black garlic (BG), made by heat-ageing white garlic bulbs, has increased its popularity in cuisine and traditional medicine around the world, but there is still limited information on its composition and potential beneficial effects. In this study, the metabolite profile of methanol extract of BG (BGE) was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry in high-resolution mode. Results allowed to establish that BGE major components were sulfur derivatives, saccharides, peptides, organic acids, a phenylpropanoid derivative, saponins, and compounds typical of glycerophospholipid metabolism. Characterization of the BGE action in cancer cells revealed that antioxidant, metabolic, and hepatoprotective effects occur upon treatment as well as induction of maturation of acute myeloid leukemia cells. These results are interesting from the impact point of view of BG consumption as a functional food for potential prevention of metabolic and tumor diseases.
Asunto(s)
Ajo/química , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/tratamiento farmacológico , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Humanos , Leucemia Mieloide Aguda/patología , Péptidos/análisis , Raíces de Plantas/química , Polisacáridos/análisis , Saponinas/análisis , Especias/análisis , Azufre/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos , Células U937RESUMEN
Plants produce a vast array of biomolecules with beneficial effects for human health. In this study, polyphenol and anthocyanin-rich extracts (PAE) from pigmented tubers of Solanum tuberosum L. varieties "Blue Star", "Magenta Love", and "Double Fun" in comparison with the more extensively studied "Vitelotte" were evaluated and compared for antiproliferative effects in human leukemia cells, and their phytochemical and genetic profiles were determined. In U937 cells, upon treatment with PAE, it was possible to reveal the expression of specific apoptotic players, such as caspase 8, 9, 3, and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), as well as the induction of monocyte and granulocyte differentiation. A liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) investigation revealed the presence of polyphenolic compounds in all the varieties of potatoes analyzed, among which caffeoyl and feruloyl quinic acid derivatives were the most abundant, as well as several acylated anthocyanins. Each pigmented variety was genotyped by DNA-based molecular markers, and flavonoid-related transcription factors were profiled in tubers in order to better characterize these outstanding resources and contribute to their exploitation in breeding. Interesting biological activities were observed for "Blue Star" and "Vitelotte" varieties with respect to the minor or no effect of the "Double Fun" variety.