Polyamidoxime-based membranes for the rapid screening of uranium isotopes in water.

Traditional radiochemistry approaches for the detection of trace-level alpha-emitting radioisotopes in water require lengthy offsite sample preparations and do not lend themselves to rapid quantification. Therefore, a novel platform is needed that combines onsite purification, concentration, and isotopic screening with a fieldable detection system. This contribution describes the synthesis and characterization of polyamidoxime membranes for isolation and concentration of uranium from aqueous matrices, including high-salinity seawater. The aim was to develop a field portable screening method for the rapid quantification of isotopic distribution by alpha spectroscopy. Membranes with varying degree of modification were prepared by chemical conversion of nitrile groups to amidoxime groups on the surface of polyacrylonitrile ultrafiltration (UFPAN) membranes. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy was used to analyze changes in surface chemistry. Flow through filtration experiments conducted using deionized (DI) water and simulated seawater solutions indicated that the modified membrane was effective in capturing more than 95% of the uranium in the solution prior to breakthrough even in the presence of salt ions. Batch uptake experiments were conducted and compared with the flow through experimental data to elucidate likely binding mechanisms. Alpha spectra of uranium loaded membranes were analyzed, and the effects of solution matrix and degree of modification on peak energy resolution were studied. Peak energy resolutions of 24 ± 2 keV and 32 ± 6 keV full width at half maximum (FWHM) were obtained by loading uranium from DI and seawater solutions onto modified membranes. Full width at 10% maximum of the same spectra were calculated to be 63 ± 9 keV and 160 ± 34 keV to quantify differences seen in peak tailing. Calculations performed based on the results show that it would take less than 3 h of analysis time to screen a sample provided enough volumes of solution are available. This work offers a facile method to prepare polyamidoxime-based membranes for uranium separation and concentration at circumneutral pH values, enabling the rapid, onsite screening of unknown samples.

Elevated concentrations of primordial radionuclides in sediments from the Reedy River and surrounding creeks in Simpsonville, South Carolina.

A gamma-ray survey and analysis of 16 riverbed samples from the Reedy River watershed near Simpsonville, SC were conducted and compared with national and international studies of primordial radionuclides. The study reported here follows on a recent discovery of anomalously high uranium concentrations in several private well waters in the area. An HPGe spectrometer was used for quantification of gamma emitting radionuclides in the sediments. All sediments contained radionuclides from the uranium and thorium series as well as (40)K. Uranium-238 concentrations in sediment samples ranged from 11.1 to 74.2Bqkg(-1). The measured radionuclide concentrations were compared with data from UNSCEAR and NURE reports. The river and stream sediment data were augmented by in situ NaI(Tl) gamma-ray spectrometer measurements. Comparisons between the ex situ and in situ measurements indicate equivalently distributed uranium in the surface soils and stream sediments, the source of which is likely attributed to the monazite belts that are known to exist in the area.

Anomalously high levels of uranium and other naturally occurring radionuclides in private wells in the piedmont region of South Carolina.

Anomalously high levels of uranium and 210Pb have been detected in untreated domestic groundwater wells near Simpsonville/Fountain Inn, South Carolina. Nine wells were sampled from the affected area and analyzed for total uranium, 234, 235, 238U, 226, 228Ra, 222Rn, and 210Pb as well other water quality parameters. These data augment other uranium concentration measurements and limited 226, 228Ra and 222Rn concentration measurements collected on private and public wells by the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control. The observed radionuclide data were compared to maximum levels published in several national surveys from the past 30 years. The total uranium concentration in the groundwater ranged from 44.3 to 5,570 microg L(-1), with one well having the second highest published concentration in the U.S. The U/U activity ratio ranged from 1.1 to 2.5. 226Ra concentrations ranged from less than the minimum detectable concentration (< MDC) to 1,154 mBq L(-1) while the 228Ra concentration ranged from < MDC to 532.8 mBq L(-1) and the 222Rn levels ranged from 62 to 1,510 Bq L(-1). The 210Pb concentrations ranged from < MDC to 844 mBq L(-1).