In-vivo data on the influence of tobacco smoke and UV light on murine skin.

Inhaled tobacco smoke comes in direct contact with few organs such as mouth, lungs, and stomach. Cigarette smoke (CS) in lungs has been extensively studied. However, limited data exist on its effect on skin, and there are no long-term experimental studies suggesting toxic effects on skin. Even though it is generally accepted that CS is among the main factors of skin aging, the number of experimental studies showing this aging effect is limited. We hereby studied the effect of long-term exposure to CS on the skin of hairless mice in combination with or without ultraviolet (UV) light. In addition, we investigated potential skin protection by a potent antioxidant namely procyanidine-rich French maritime pine bark extract (PBE) pycnogenol. Male and female hairless SKH-2 mice were exposed for 10 months to tobacco smoke and/or UV light in vivo, and their effects on skin were investigated. Some biophysical parameters such as development of erythema, transepidermal water loss (TEWL), and skin elasticity were measured. The results show that UV and CS may be acting synergistically, as shown by the enhanced TEWL, erythema values, epitheliomas, and squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) observed, whereas PBE seems to protect skin against SCC.

Cytotoxicity of aniline mustard glucuronide alone or in a combination with glucose in Walker cells in culture and sarcoma-180 tumour bearing animals.

The effect of aniline mustard glucuronide (AMG), p-hydroxyaniline mustard (HAM), and aniline mustard (AM), on Walker ascites tumour cells in vitro showed that AM in about 80 times more toxic than its glucuronide but HAM is at least 800 times more toxic. A non toxic dose of AMG became completely lethal to Walker tumour cells in vitro, if bovine liver beta-glucuronidase was added to the incubation medium. Prior treatment of Walker tumour cells in vitro with glucose, increased the breakdown of AMG to HAM within the intact cells, while a non-toxic dose of the glucuronide became completely lethal to cells pretreated with glucose. The administration of AMG in combination with glucose to animals bearing the highly resistant to alkylating agents Sarcoma-180 tumour, increased the toxicity of the glucuronide but produced a slight effect on tumour growth. Glucose administration in Sarcoma-180 and ADJ/PC6 tumour bearing animals did not alter the tumour intracellular pH determined in vivo indirectly from the distribution of the weak non-metabolizable organic acid 5,5-dimethyl-2,4-oxazolinedione (DMO) between intra- and extra-cellular water. The present data suggest that the combination of aniline mustard glucuronide with glucose, could be effective in those tumours which have a high beta-glucuronidase activity and a lower tumour intracellular pH could be induced by glucose.