Asunto(s)
Frío/efectos adversos , Hipotermia/tratamiento farmacológico , Reno , Bazo , Extractos de Tejidos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Hipotermia/mortalidad , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBA , Extractos de Tejidos/aislamiento & purificaciónRESUMEN
Efforts against cold is a significant problem during work in the Arctic. In experiments on grey mice it was demonstrated that drugs from Laminaria Saccarina increase life time of animals in cold temperature (-18 degrees C) by 61%.
Asunto(s)
Clima Frío , Laminaria , Esperanza de Vida , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Ratones Endogámicos CBARESUMEN
The effect of electroshock (ECS) and piracetam, oxiracetam or N-acetylglycinamide on the passive avoidance conditioned response in rats was studied. The antiemetic effect of the compounds was examined in cats as well. The results obtained allowed us to distinct the nootropic and antiemetic action of the drugs. The substances possessed a similar ability to prevent ECS-induced amnesia. On the contrary, oxiracetam completely prevented the emetic response to morphine at doses 100 times lower and piracetam at doses 10 times higher then those of the opioid. N-Acetylglycinamide had no antiemetic activity. The results obtained show that oxiracetam is 100 times more active in antiemetic test than piracetam. These data comprise the novel properties of nootropic drugs.
Asunto(s)
Morfina/farmacología , Psicotrópicos/farmacología , Vómitos/inducido químicamente , Amnesia Retrógrada/tratamiento farmacológico , Amnesia Retrógrada/etiología , Animales , Reacción de Prevención/efectos de los fármacos , Gatos , Condicionamiento Clásico/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Interacciones Farmacológicas , Femenino , Glicina/farmacología , Glicina/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Piracetam/análogos & derivados , Piracetam/farmacología , Piracetam/uso terapéutico , Psicotrópicos/uso terapéutico , Pirrolidinas/farmacología , Pirrolidinas/uso terapéutico , Ratas , Ratas EndogámicasRESUMEN
It was found during studies on man and experiments on animals that various neuromediator systems of the organism (M-cholinergic, H1-histaminergic, dopaminergic, and opioidergic) are involved in the genesis of VVS. In addition, animal experiments showed that of great importance in the process are different regulatory peptides, in particular, substance P and beta-endorphin. The findings indicate that some neuropeptides may be used in the future in man for VVS prevention. At neuronal level the role of opioid peptides in realization of vestibulovegetative reactions is decoded and a number of possible mechanisms of their action is established. The study of the human hormonal status in VVS revealed complex neuroendocrine changes occurring in the organism. Based on the knowledge of some neurohormonal and neurochemical mechanisms of VVS pathogenesis, a new drug prevention and therapy of seasickness was proposed, efficacy of opioid antagonists naloxone and nalorphine was shown.
Asunto(s)
Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/prevención & control , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/efectos de los fármacos , Adulto , Animales , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/etiología , Enfermedades del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo/fisiopatología , Gatos , Fuerza Coriolis , Evaluación de Medicamentos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Enfermedades del Laberinto/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedades del Laberinto/etiología , Enfermedades del Laberinto/fisiopatología , Enfermedades del Laberinto/prevención & control , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neurotransmisores/análisis , Neurotransmisores/fisiología , Neurotransmisores/uso terapéutico , Conejos , Ratas , Síndrome , Pruebas de Función Vestibular , Vestíbulo del Laberinto/fisiopatologíaRESUMEN
Piracetam possesses some properties not related to the nootropic activity. The purpose of the work was to study piracetam influence on effects of narcotic analgesics and opioid peptides at intracerebroventricular administration. In experiments on cats it was found that piracetam in a dose-dependent way prevented the emetic effect of morphine and leu-enkephalin. In experiments on rats (tail-flick test) piracetam was shown to be able of blocking the analgesic effect of fentanyl. Experiments on the study of the anticataleptogenic effect of piracetam also showed antagonism between piracetam and agonists of opioid receptors. Thus, it was shown on a number of models that piracetam exhibits antagonistic properties with respect of opioid peptides and narcotic analgesics.