Insecticidal and Repellent Effects of the Essential Oils Extract from Zanthoxylum myriacanthum against Three Storage Pests.

The co-storage of two or more Chinese herbal medicines can effectively prevent the herbs from the damage by pests. Thus, it is important to protect herbs and crops to study Chinese herbal medicines and their medicinal components against storage pests. This study aimed to assess the insecticidal activities and repellent effect of essential oils (EOs) extracted from fruits at different periods from Zanthoxylum myriacanthum Wall. ex Hook. f. (1 h, 2 h, 3-5 h and 5-7 h), and their major compounds against three kinds of pests (Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Liposcelis bostrychophila). The results of gas chromatography-mass spectrometer analysis revealed homomyrtenol (22.56 %, 28.01 %, 28.48 % and 28.41 %, respectively) and p-cymene (30.58 %, 13.95 %, 24.97 % and 6.85 %, respectively) were the common major compounds of the EOs at 1 h, 2 h, 3-5 h, and 5-7 h. m-Cymene contents in EOs of fruits, 1 h, 2 h and 3-5 h were 3.85 %, 0.95 %, 6.71 %, and 6.15 %, respectively. According to Principal component analysis (PCA), the composition of fruits' EO was significantly different from other EOs due to the different collection times. The bio-assays showed that EOs and major compounds were toxic to all three pests, but the fumigation effect on L. bostrychophila was not noticeable. EOs extracted at different times had a repellent effect on the three pests at the highest concentration (78.63 nL/cm2 ), but the attractive effects of the EOs of 3-5 h, 5-7 h, and p-cymene were observed at the low concentrations (3.15, 0.63 and 0.13 nL/cm2 ). Our results suggest that Z. myriacanthum have the potential to be developed as biological insecticides.

Analysis of international competitiveness of the China's licorice industry from the perspective of global trade.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Licorice is a multi-purpose plant raw material, which is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and food industry, cosmetic industry, etc. It has a wide application in various countries and regions around the world. AIM OF STUDY: This paper studied the trade situation of licorice-related products among major countries and regions in the world, providing a practical reference for the sustainable development of the global licorice industry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The licorice trade data of licorice-related products came from the United Nations Commodity Trade Database and China Customs data. We analyzed the world's major trading countries by using international market share (IMS), trade competitiveness index (TC), average export price (AEP) and average import price (AIP), and analyzed global trade flows with chord diameter. RESULTS: Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Iran mainly export licorice raw materials and low value-added products. China is both a producer and a consumer of licorice raw materials and licorice products. The processing trade of the licorice industry in China has advantages, and the structure of import and export trade has been continuously improved. The United States, France, Germany and other developed countries are still important consumers who rely on the intellectual property rights and brand advantages of licorice products, which have stronger global trade radiation capacity. CONCLUSIONS: China's trade structure has been optimized and its industrial competitiveness has been enhanced. China's experience can be used for reference by other countries, especially those with rich licorice resources among the SCO members.

Composition and Insecticidal Activity of Elsholtzia kachinensis Prain, a Traditional Vegetable and Herbal Medicine.

In recent years, secondary metabolites of plants have attracted researchers' interest as a substitute for synthetic insecticides with many advantages. Elsholtzia kachinensis is an annual herb with medicinal and edible value. In this study, the essential oil (EO) of the aerial part of E. kachinensis was extracted by hydrodistillation, and GC-MS analysed essential oil components. The results show that carvone and dehydroelsholtzia ketone are the main components of the essential oil, accounting for 32.298% and 31.540%, respectively. EO, carvone and dehydroelsholtzia ketone are used to determine the effects against stored-product insects Lasioderma serricorne, Tribolium castaneum, Sitophilus oryzae and Liposcelis bostrychophila. The essential oil showed the most vital contact and fumigation toxicity to L. serricorne, of which LD50 and LC50 values were 3.85 µg/adult and 7.74 mg/L air, respectively. S. oryzae did not show repellent activity, but the repellent rate of the other three species reached 90% under EO treatment at a concentration of 78.63 nL/cm2. Therefore, the essential oil of E. kachinensis has an insecticidal effect and has the potential to be developed as a new eco-friendly insecticide.

Chemical compositions and repellent activity of Clerodendrum bungei Steud. essential oil against three stored product insects.

BACKGROUND: Several species of Verbenaceae have been widely used in medicine, and some species of Verbenaceae have been observed good insecticidal activity, such as Lantana camara and Vitex negundo. There is no report about repellent activity of Clerodendrum bungei Steud. (C. bungei) against stored product insects. The chemical composition of C. bungei essential oil (EO) were identified, repellent activity of methanol extract, EO of C. bungei and two main components of EO against T. castaneum, L. serricorne and L. bostrychophila were evaluated for the first time. RESULTS: EO of C. bungei was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and GC. A total of 25 components of the C. bungei EO were identified. The principal compounds in the EO were myristicin (75.0%), 2,2,7,7-Tetramethyltricyclo[6.2.1.0(1,6)]undec-4-en-3-one (4.1%) and linalool (3.4%). Results of bioassays indicated that C. bungei EO exerted strong repellent activity against three target insects. As main constituents, myristicin and linalool also had certain repellency. CONCLUSION: This work suggests that the EO of C. bungei has promising potential to develop into botanical repellents for the control of pest damage in warehouses and grain stores.

Essential oil from Artemisia annua aerial parts: composition and repellent activity against two storage pests.

As a medicinal plant, Artemisia annua is widely distributed in China. The purpose of this work was to analyze the chemical composition of essential oil from A. annua aerial portions, as well as to assess its repellent activity against Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castaneum adults. GC-FID and GC-MS analyses enabled the identification of 15 components representing 90.1% of the essential oil. The main components included artemisia ketone (70.6%), α-caryophyllene (5.1%) and germacrene D (3.8%). The essential oil was found to possess considerable ability to repel the two storage pests. This paper provided some evidence for the exploitation and utilization of A. annua resources as a natural repellent.

Comparative analysis on bioactivity against three stored insects of Ligusticum pteridophyllum Franch. rhizomes essential oil and supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) extract.

In order to develop more environmentally benignant insecticides, the Ligusticum pteridophyllum Franch. rhizomes essential oil and supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2) extract were obtained by two published techniques, hydrodistillation and SFE-CO2. The chemical components of this two tested samples were identified by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Repellent activity and contact toxicity of the obtained samples and myristicin against the adults of Tribolium castaneum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Lasioderma serricorne (Coleoptera: Anobiidae), and Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae) were compared. Nineteen components were identified in the SFE-CO2 extract. Twelve components were identified in the L. pteridophyllum rhizomes essential oil. SFE-CO2 extract exhibited higher contact toxicity against T. castaneum, L. serricorne, and L. bostrychophila (LD50 = 69.60 µg/adult, 14.58 µg/adult, and 1.69 µg/cm2, respectively) than that of L. pteridophyllum rhizomes essential oil (LD50 = 87.99 µg/adult, 89.82 µg/adult, and 7.87 µg/cm2, respectively). Besides, myristicin (LD50 = 36.46 µg/adult) showed superior contact toxicity against T. castaneum than that of the L. pteridophyllum rhizomes essential oil and SFE-CO2 extract. It possessed potentially practical significance to develop L. pteridophyllum rhizomes into plant pesticide or repellent agent for these stored insect controls. Graphical abstract .

Toxicity and repellent activity of essential oil from Mentha piperita Linn. leaves and its major monoterpenoids against three stored product insects.

The essential oil (EO) from leaves of Mentha piperita was extracted by hydrodistillation. Twenty-one chemical components, accounting for 97.5% of the total oil, were determined by GC-MS and GC-FID. The major chemical components included menthol (41.6%), L-menthone (24.7%), isomenthol (6.3%), and limonene (5.0%). The bioactivity of the obtained EO and its two major components against Tribolium castaneum, Lasioderma serricorne, and Liposcelis bostrychophila adults were evaluated by fumigation, contact, and repellent activity bioassay. The EO showed significant fumigation and contact toxicity against T. castaneum (LC50 = 18.1 mg/L air and LD50 = 2.9 µg/adult, respectively), L. serricorne (LC50 = 68.4 mg/L air and LD50 = 12.6 µg/adult, respectively), and L. bostrychophila (LC50 = 0.6 mg/L air and LD50 = 49.8 µg/adult, respectively) adults. Meanwhile, the repellent effect of the EO on T. castaneum and L. serricorne adults was comparable to that of the positive control at the highest tested concentration. Menthol and L-menthone were two major components in total oil. Among them, L-menthone exhibited significant insecticidal activity on target insects, and menthol showed notable repellent effects. The results indicated that the EO of M. piperita leaves and two tested components have potential to be developed as natural insecticides and repellents for the control of stored product insect pests. Graphical abstract.

Efficacy of bornyl acetate and camphene from Valeriana officinalis essential oil against two storage insects.

The essential oil was extracted from the roots of Valeriana officinalis L. by hydrodistillation. The qualitative and quantitative analysis of its chemical constituents was conducted on GC-MS and GC-FID in this study. Seventeen compounds were detected and the major constituents included bornyl acetate (48.2%) and camphene (13.8%). The toxic and repellent effects of the essential oil and its two major constituents were evaluated on Liposcelis bostrychophila and Tribolium castaneum. The results of bioassays indicated that the essential oil showed the promising fumigant and contact toxicity against L. bostrychophila (LC50 = 2.8 mg/L air and LD50 = 50.9 µg/cm2, respectively) and the notable contact effect on T. castaneum (LD50 = 10.0 µg/adult). Meanwhile, the essential oil showed comparable repellent effect on T. castaneum at all testing concentrations. Bornyl acetate and camphene also exhibited strong fumigant and contact toxicity against both species of pests (LC50 = 1.1, 10.1 mg/L air and LD50 = 32.9, 701.3 µg/cm2 for L. bostrychophila; > 126.3, 4.1 mg/L air, and 66.0, 21.6 µg/adult for T. castaneum). Bornyl acetate and camphene showed moderate repellent effect on T. castaneum and conversely showed attractant effect on L. bostrychophila. This work highlights the insecticidal potential of V. officinalis, which has been noted as a traditional medicinal plant.

Seven herbs against the stored product insect: Toxicity evidence and the active sesquiterpenes from Atractylodes lancea.

In this work, the essential oils (EO) were extracted from seven typical Chinese herbs, and their repellent and contact toxicities against Tribolium castaneum adults (red flour beetles) were evaluated. The experimental results showed that the above EOs presented the various levels of repellent and contact toxicities. The EOs extracted from A. lancea and A argyi of the Compositae (Asteraceae) family presented obvious repellent effects (Repellency Percentage > 90% at 3.15 nL/cm2 after 4 h exposure) and strong contact toxicity with LD50 values of 5.78 and 3.09 µg/adult respectively. Based on literature researches and screening results, the EO from A. lancea was analyzed by GC-MS and chosen for further identification of bioactive components. Altogether 59 chemical components were identified and 17 of them were recognized as sesquiterpene compounds, accounting for 57.8% of the total weight of the EO. From the identified sesquiterpenes, three individual compounds (ß-eudesmol, hinesol, valencene) were selected for the laboratory bioassays of the toxicity against red flour beetles. It was found that all the three compounds expressed some repellent effects. Although ß-eudesmol (31.2%) and hinesol (5.1%) were identified as main constituents and had been considered to be symbolic characteristics of high medicinal value, valencene (0.3%) showed strong repellent property which could be comparable to that of DEET (N, N­diethyl­3­methylbenzamide), a powerful commercial pesticides, and it had best toxicity with LD50 values of 3.25 (µg/adult) in the contact test. This work may provide toxicity evidence of seven common herbs against red flour beetles, add the information for the development and comprehensive utilization of A. lancea, and will contribute to the application of grain preservation.

NMR-based metabolomic profiling of Peganum harmala L. reveals dynamic variations between different growth stages.

Xerophytes play an active role in preventing soil denudation and desertification in arid and semi-arid areas. Peganum harmala L. (Zygophyllaceae family), a seasonally growing, poisonous and drought-tolerant plant, is widely distributed in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and used as a traditional herbal medicine as well as, in winter, a fodder source. Previous research has focused on the pharmacological activity of isolated compounds and stress responses to growth environments. However, the metabolic profile of P. harmala and variations in its metabolites, including medicinally active and stress resistance components, have not been illustrated during different growth stages. Here, we collected plant samples in May, August, October and December. We determined the metabolic composition of methanol extracts using NMR spectroscopy, and comparisons of four growth stages were accomplished by applying statistical analysis. The results showed that vasicine, choline and sucrose were significantly elevated in samples harvested in May. Significantly higher amounts of betaine, lysine, 4-hydroxyisoleucine and proline were found in samples collected in August than in samples collected in other months, and the concentrations of phosphorylcholine, glucose, acetic acid and vasicinone were highest in December. The relationships between differential biomarkers and plant physiological states affected by diverse growth environmental factors were discussed. Our result deepened the understanding of metabolic mechanisms in plant development and confirmed the advantage of using NMR-based metabolomic treatments in quality evaluation when P. harmala is used for different purposes.

Toxic and Repellent Effects of Volatile Phenylpropenes from Asarum heterotropoides on Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila.

Toxic and repellent effects of the essential oil from Asarum heterotropoides Fr. Schmidt var. mandshuricum (Maxim.) Kitag. were evaluated against Lasioderma serricorne and Liposcelis bostrychophila. The essential oils (EOs) from roots (ER) and leaves (EL) of A. heterotropoides were obtained separately by hydrodistillation and characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Major components of ER and EL included methyleugenol, safrole, and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene. Both ER and EL of A. heterotropoides showed certain toxicity and repellency against L. serricorne and L. bostrychophila. 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene, methyleugenol, and safrole were strongly toxic via fumigation to L. serricorne (LC50 = 4.99, 10.82, and 18.93 mg/L air, respectively). Safrole and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene possessed significant fumigant toxicity against L. bostrychophila (LC50 = 0.83 and 0.91 mg/L air, respectively). The three compounds all exhibited potent contact toxicity against the two insect species. Here, the EL of A. heterotropoides was confirmed to have certain toxicity and repellency against stored product insects, providing a novel idea for the comprehensive use of plant resources.

Supercritical carbon dioxide extract of Cinnamomum cassia bark: toxicity and repellency against two stored-product beetle species.

The extract from Cinnamomum cassia Presl bark was obtained with supercritical CO2 fluid extraction (SFE). Chemical components of the SFE extract were characterized by GC-MS spectrometry. The repellency and contact toxicity of the SFE extract were evaluated against the adults of Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne along with those of its two main compounds. The results of GC-MS analysis indicated that 33 volatile constituents were identified from the extract. The main components included trans-cinnamaldehyde (32.1%), 3,3-dimethylhexane (10.6%) and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (7.9%). Testing results showed that the SFE extract had potent contact toxicity against T. castaneum and L. serricorne with LD50 values of 3.96 and 23.89 µg/adult, respectively. LD50 values of trans-cinnamaldehyde against T. castaneum and L. serricorne were 5.78 and 3.24 µg/adult, respectively. Additionally, percentage repellency values of the SFE extract and trans-cinnamaldehyde against T. castaneum and L. serricorne were rather high (PR = 100% and PR > 90%, respectively) at 78.63 and 15.73 nL/cm2 at 2 h post-exposure. 2,4-Di-tert-butylphenol showed some repellency against both beetle species. Considering its insecticidal and repellent effects, the SFE extract from C. cassia bark might be used in integrated pest management programs for T. castaneum and L. serricorne.

Antifeedant Activities of Lignans from Stem Bark of Zanthoxylum armatum DC. against Tribolium castaneum.

The speciation of a methanolic extract of Zanthoxylum armatum stem bark has enabled the isolation and characterization of 11 known lignans. Among them, five compounds (6, 8-11) are reported in this plant for the first time. All of the chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of NMR spectral analysis. Additionally, their antifeedant activities against Tribolium castaneum were evaluated scientifically. Among them, asarinin (1), with an EC50 of 25.64 ppm, exhibited a much stronger antifeedant activity than the positive control, toosendanin (EC50 = 71.69 ppm). Moreover, fargesin (2), horsfieldin (3), and magnolone (10), with EC50 values of 63.24, 68.39, and 78.37 ppm, showed almost the same antifeedant activity as the positive control. From the perspective of structure-effectiveness relationship, compounds with the chemical group of methylenedioxy exhibited higher antifeedant activities and have potential to be developed into novel antifeedants or potential lead compounds to protect food and crops in storage.

Efficacy of Compounds Isolated from the Essential Oil of Artemisia lavandulaefolia in Control of the Cigarette Beetle, Lasioderma serricorne.

To develop natural product resources to control cigarette beetles (Lasioderma serricorne), the essential oil from Artemisia lavandulaefolia (Compositae) was investigated. Oil was extracted by hydrodistillation of the above-ground portion of A. lavandulaefolia and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Extracted essential oil and three compounds isolated from the oil were then evaluated in laboratory assays to determine the fumigant, contact, and repellent efficacy against the stored-products' pest, L. serricorne. The bioactive constituents from the oil extracts were identified as chamazulene (40.4%), 1,8-cineole (16.0%), and ß-caryophyllene (11.5%). In the insecticidal activity assay, the adults of L. serricorne were susceptible to fumigant action of the essential oil and 1,8-cineole, with LC50 values of 31.81 and 5.18 mg/L air. The essential oil, 1,8-cineole, chamazulene, and ß-caryophyllene exhibited contact toxicity with LD50 values of 13.51, 15.58, 15.18 and 35.52 µg/adult, respectively. During the repellency test, the essential oil and chamazulene had repellency approximating the positive control. The results indicated that chamazulene was abundant in A. lavandulaefolia essential oil and was toxic to cigarette beetles.

Fumigant and repellent activities of essential oil extracted from Artemisia dubia and its main compounds against two stored product pests.

The major chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from Artemisia dubia wall. ex Bess. (Family: Asteraceae) were found as terpinolene (19.02%), limonene (17.40%), 2,5-etheno[4.2.2]propella-3,7,9-triene (11.29%), isoelemicin (11.05%) and p-cymene-8-ol (5.93%). Terpinolene and limonene were separated as main components from the essential oil. The essential oil showed fumigant toxicity against Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila with LC50 values of 49.54 and 0.74 mg/L, respectively. The essential oil and isolated compounds of A. dubia showed repellency activities against both insects. Terpinolene and limonene showed the fumigant toxicity against T. castaneum. Terpinolene showed obvious fumigant toxicity against L. bostrychophila. The results indicated that the essential oil of A. dubia had potential to be developed into natural insecticides for controlling stored product pests.

Chemical Constituents of Murraya tetramera Huang and Their Repellent Activity against Tribolium castaneum.

Sixteen compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Murrayatetramera Huang. Based on the NMR and MS spectral results, the structures were determined. It was confirmed that the isolated compounds included three new compounds (9, 10 and 13) and one new natural product (8), which were identified asmurratetra A (9), murratetra B (10), murratetra C (13) and [2-(7-methoxy-2-oxochromen-8-yl)-3-methylbut-2-enyl]3-methylbut-2-enoate (8), respectively. Meanwhile, the repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum was investigated for 13 of these isolated compounds. The results showed that the tested compounds had various levels of repellent activity against T. castaneum. Among them, compounds 1 (4(15)-eudesmene-1ß,6α-diol), 11 (isoferulic acid) and 16 (2,3-dihydroxypropyl hexadecanoate) showed fair repellent activity against T. castaneum. They might be considered as potential leading compounds for the development of natural repellents.

Chemical Constituents of Supercritical Extracts from Alpinia officinarum and the Feeding Deterrent Activity against Tribolium castaneum.

Alpinia officinarum has been confirmed to possess bioactivities against some pests. In this work, a sample was obtained from A. officinarum rhizomes by supercritical fluid CO2 extraction (SFE). According to GC-MS analysis, the main chemical components for SFE-sample included benzylacetone (26.77%), 1,7-diphenyl-5-hydroxy-3-heptanone (17.78%), guaiacylacetone (10.03%) and benzenepropanal (7.42%). The essential oil of A. officinarum rhizomes (LD50 = 20.71 µg/adult) exhibited more contact toxicity than SFE extract (LD50 = 82.72 µg/adult) against Tribolium castaneum. From SFE extracts, one new compound, 1-phenyl-4-(16,17-dimethyl-9,13-octadiene)-5-isopentenyl-7-(4"-methoxyl-3"-hydroxyl-phenyl)-3-heptanone (3), together with five known compounds identified as 5-hydroxy-1,7-diphenyl-3-heptanone (1), 1,7-diphenyl-4-hepten-3-one (2), galangin (4), galangin-3-methyl ether (5) and pinocembrin (6), were isolated and their feeding deterrent activities against T. castaneum adults were assessed. It was found that compounds 1-6 had feeding deterrent activities against T. castaneum with feeding deterrent indices of 18.21%, 18.94%, 19.79%, 26.99%, 20.34%, and 35.81%, respectively, at the concentration of 1500 ppm. Hence, the essential oil and SFE extracts/compounds of A. officinarum rhizomes represent promising alternatives in the control of T. castaneum adults.

Contact and Repellant Activities of Zerumbone and Its Analogues from the Essential Oil of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith against Lasioderma serricorne.

The contact toxicity and repellent activities of the essential oil extracted from the rhizomes of Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith (Zingiberaceae) was evaluated against cigarette beetles (Lasioderma serricorne). The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation was investigated by GC-FID and GC-MS. The main constituents of the essential oil were zerumbone (40.2%), α-caryophyllene (8.6%), humulene epoxide II (7.3%), camphene (5.9%) and fenchene (4.7%). Zerumbone and its analogues totally are accounting for 60.3% of the essential oil. It was found that the essential oil possessed contact toxicity against L. serricorne adults with a LD50 value of 48.3 µg/adult. α-Caryophyllene (LD50 = 13.1 µg/adult) exhibited stronger contact toxicity against L. serricorne than humulene oxide (LD50 = 31.2 µg/adult), ß-caryophyllene (LD50 = 35.5 µg/adult) and zerumbone (LD50 = 42.4 µg/adult). Moreover, α-caryophyllene possessed strong repellent activity (Class IV and V, respectively) against the beetles at 78.63 nL/cm2, after 2 and 4 h treatment. The results indicate that zerumbone and its analogues might be developed into natural insecticides or repellents for control of cigarette beetles, but their bioactivities are affected by their structures.

Repellence of the main components from the essential oil of Glycosmis lucida Wall. ex Huang against two stored product insects.

A screening of Chinese medicinal herbs and wild plants for agrochemicals was carried out; the essential oil of Glycosmis lucida leaves was found to possess significant repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum and Liposcelis bostrychophila. It was found that the main components included elixene (19.81%), spathulenol (10.68%), anethole (12.05%), verbenone (10.32%) followed by ß-caryophyllene (6.87%). The essential oil, anethole and verbenone were strongly repellent against T. castaneum (96, 86 and 94%, respectively, at 15.73 nL cm-2) and L. bostrychophila (100, 68 and 72%, respectively, at 31.58 nL cm-2) after a 2h treatment. The results indicate that anethole and verbenone had the potential to be developed as natural repellents for control of stored product insects.

Bioactivities and Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil Extracted from Artemisia anethoides Against Two Stored Product Insects.

The chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from Artemisia anethoides and the bioactivities of essential oil against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne were investigated. The main components of the essential oil were 1,8-cineole (36.54%), 2-isopropyl-5-methyl-3-cyclohexen-1-one (10.40%), terpinen-4-ol (8.58%), 2-isopropyltoluene (6.20) and pinocarveol (5.08%). The essential oil of A. anethoides possessed contact and fumigant toxicities against T. castaneum adults (LD50 = 28.80 µg/adult and LC50 = 13.05 mg/L air, respectively) and against L. serricorne (LD50 = 24.03 µg/adult and LD50 = 8.04 mg/L air, respectively). The crude oil showed repellent activity against T. castaneum and L. serricorne. Especially, the percentage repellency of essential oil was same level with DEET (positive control) against T. castaneum. The results indicated that the essential oil of A. anethoides had the potential to be developed as insecticide and repellent for control of T. castaneum and L. serricorne.